段秀梅,李爍烯,明智慧,張叢笑,劉文書
(1.吉林大學(xué)第一醫(yī)院臨床病理診斷中心,吉林 長春 130021;2. 吉林大學(xué)第一醫(yī)院口腔科,吉林 長春 130021)
舌鱗狀細胞癌組織中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表達及其臨床意義
段秀梅1,李爍烯2,明智慧2,張叢笑2,劉文書2
(1.吉林大學(xué)第一醫(yī)院臨床病理診斷中心,吉林 長春 130021;2. 吉林大學(xué)第一醫(yī)院口腔科,吉林 長春 130021)
目的:檢測舌鱗狀細胞癌(舌癌)組織中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表達,分析其與患者臨床病理特征的關(guān)系,探討其在舌癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展及預(yù)后中的作用。 方法:采用免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測45例舌癌組織、30例癌旁組織和10例正常舌黏膜組織中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表達情況;比較不同類型舌組織中各蛋白表達陽性率的差異;分析Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白表達與舌癌臨床病理學(xué)參數(shù)的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果:在舌癌組織中,Cks1和Skp2蛋白呈強表達,陽性表達率為73.3%和62.2%,在癌旁組織和正常舌黏膜組織中其陽性表達率依次降低,陽性表達率分別為23.3%、10.0%和36.7%、10.0%;在舌癌組織中,p27kip1蛋白表達明顯減少或缺失,陽性表達率為24.4%,在癌旁組織中和正常舌黏膜組織中其陽性表達水平依次升高,陽性表達率分別為30.0%和70.0%;在舌癌組織中Cks1和Skp2蛋白陽性表達率高于正常舌黏膜組織和癌旁組織(P<0.05),而p27kip1蛋白陽性表達率低于正常舌黏膜組織和癌旁組織(P<0.05)。舌癌組織中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白陽性表達率與舌癌患者的年齡和性別無關(guān)聯(lián)(P>0.05);與癌組織淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期、分化程度和臨床分期有關(guān)聯(lián)(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論:舌癌組織中Cks1和Skp2蛋白陽性表達率升高、p27kip1蛋白陽性表達率降低, Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白陽性表達率的檢測有助于判斷舌癌的惡性程度和預(yù)后。
周期素依賴性蛋白激酶亞單位1;S期激酶相關(guān)蛋白2;p27kip1蛋白;舌鱗狀細胞腫瘤
周期素依賴性蛋白激酶亞單位1(cyclin dependent kinase subunit 1,Cksl)作為一種輔助因子,協(xié)助S期激酶相關(guān)蛋白2(S-phase kinase associated protein 2,Skp2),通過對細胞周期中多種靶蛋白的泛素化降解而與細胞周期調(diào)控及腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展及預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[1-3]。p27kip1是一種廣譜細胞周期素依賴性激酶抑制劑,對細胞周期進行負調(diào)控,Cks1在細胞周期中發(fā)揮正調(diào)控作用。Cks1在促進由Skp2介導(dǎo)的泛素化降解p27kip1的過程中發(fā)揮重要作用[4-6]。研究[7-8]表明:Cks1和Skp2在人類多種腫瘤中表達升高,而p27kip1表達降低或缺失,導(dǎo)致腫瘤細胞增殖周期正負調(diào)控失調(diào)而最終形成腫瘤。目前,國內(nèi)外有關(guān)Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白在舌癌中的表達研究報道較少,本研究旨在探討Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白在人舌鱗狀細胞癌(簡稱舌癌)組織中的表達情況,分析其表達與舌癌臨床病理學(xué)參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,揭示其在舌癌發(fā)生發(fā)展及預(yù)后中的作用機制。
1.1標本收集2010—2013年本院病理科接受手術(shù)治療的舌癌標本45例,癌旁組織30例,正常舌黏膜組織20例,距舌癌病灶約1.0 cm為癌旁組織,正常舌黏膜組織均取自門診手術(shù)切除的舌黏膜,所有的舌癌標本術(shù)前均未經(jīng)放、化療或免疫治療;45例舌癌患者中,男性23例,女性22例;年齡25~73歲,平均年齡46.7歲;腫瘤病理分級按高、中、低分級劃分:Ⅰ~Ⅱ級22例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ級23例;按2002年國際抗癌聯(lián)盟(UICC)TNM標準分期:其中T1-T2期24例,T3-T4期21例;按是否有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移劃分:有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移22例,無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移23例。
1.2主要試劑mouse anti-Cks1mAb、mouse anti-Skp2 mAb、mouse anti-p27kip1mAb均購自美國Invitrogen公司,即用型快捷免疫組織化學(xué)MaxVisionTM試劑盒(鼠/兔)購自福州邁新生物技術(shù)開發(fā)有限公司。
1.3免疫組織化學(xué)染色觀察不同類型舌組織中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表達所有標本均經(jīng)10%中性甲醛固定,常規(guī)組織處理,石蠟包埋連續(xù)切片(切片厚2 μm),HE染色。采用免疫組織化學(xué)法進行Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1染色(按抗體說明書進行修復(fù)),DAB顯色,蘇木精復(fù)染,以PBS液代替一抗作為陰性對照。染色結(jié)果判斷:免疫組織化學(xué)染色結(jié)果由2名病理科醫(yī)師獨立閱片判斷。每個切片均選擇連續(xù)10個高倍視野,每個視野記數(shù)100個細胞,染色結(jié)果利用半定量方法進行判斷。Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白均表達于細胞核上,以細胞核中見到棕黃色顆粒分布為陽性;陰性細胞不著色。計算各視野中陽性細胞的平均百分比作為該片的陽性細胞百分比進行計分,染色強度以多數(shù)細胞的染色特征為標準計分,對兩者相加所得的總分進行結(jié)果判斷。細胞染色評判標準:陽性細胞百分比0~5%、5%~30%、30%~70%和70%~100%各計為0、1、2和3分; 染色強度無、弱(淡黃)、中(棕黃)和強(棕褐)計為0、1、2和3分;相加所得總分以0分為陰性,1~2分為“+”,3~4分為“”,5~6分為“”。
1.4統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計軟件包進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理。不同類型舌組織中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白陽性表達率的組間比較和舌癌組織中Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白表達與臨床病理學(xué)參數(shù)的關(guān)系分析采用χ2檢驗。
2.1不同類型舌組織中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表達 免疫組織化學(xué)染色,Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白染色主要在細胞核內(nèi),p27kip1可有部分細胞質(zhì)著色,染色呈淺黃色、棕黃色或棕褐色,見圖1(插頁六)。在45例舌癌組織中,Cks1和Skp2蛋白均呈陽性-強陽性表達, 陽性表達率分別為73.3%和62.2%,而在癌旁組織和正常舌黏膜組織中其表達減弱,陽性表達率分別為23.3%、10.0%和36.7%、10.0%,在舌癌組織中Cks1和Skp2蛋白陽性表達率高于正常舌黏膜組織和癌旁組織(P<0.05);在舌癌組織中p27kip1蛋白表達水平明顯減弱甚至缺失,陽性表達率為24.4%(11/45),在癌旁組織和正常舌黏膜組織中其表達增強,陽性表達率分別為46.7%和70.0%,舌癌組織中 p27kip1的陽性表達率明顯低于其在癌旁組織及正常舌黏膜組織中的陽性表達率(P<0.05);而在癌旁組織和正常舌黏膜組織中p27kip1蛋白的陽性表達率比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
2.2不同臨床病理參數(shù)舌癌患者舌癌組織中Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白陽性表達率舌癌組織中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白陽性表達率與舌癌患者的年齡和性別無關(guān)聯(lián)(P>0.05),而與癌組織淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期、分化程度和臨床分期有關(guān)聯(lián)(P<0.05)。見表2。
表1 不同類型舌組織中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白陽性表達率
*P<0.05vsnormal tongue mucosa tissue group;△P<0.05vsadjacent carcinoma tissue.
舌癌是口腔頜面部最常見的惡性腫瘤,是治療效果不理想的惡性腫瘤之一[6-7]。臨床對于該類腫瘤的診治及預(yù)后的判斷一直受到廣泛的關(guān)注,尋找有效的方法阻止腫瘤生長、延長患者的生存期是目前研究的熱點之一。因此研究舌癌發(fā)生發(fā)展的相關(guān)機制,觀察舌癌預(yù)后的相關(guān)指標,并以準確、簡便的方法進行檢測,不僅為舌癌的診治奠定理論基礎(chǔ),也有望為開展分子靶點基因治療提供依據(jù)。
細胞周期調(diào)控機制的紊亂導(dǎo)致細胞的失控性生長,是腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展中重要的分子事件。細胞周期同時受到正向和負向因素的調(diào)控,p27kip1是細胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶抑制劑(CKI)家族中的重要一員,其主要參與細胞周期的負性調(diào)控、抑制細胞增殖、誘導(dǎo)細胞分化、促進細胞凋亡,是多種腫瘤抑制基因;Cks1是細胞周期調(diào)節(jié)所必需的小分子蛋白質(zhì),參與由Skp2介導(dǎo)的泛素化降解p27kip1過程。
本研究采用免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測45例舌癌組織、30例癌旁組織和10例正常舌黏膜組織中Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白的表達情況,本研究結(jié)果顯示:在舌癌、癌旁組織和正常舌黏膜組織中Cks1和Skp2蛋白陽性表達依次減弱,在舌癌組織中Cks1、Skp2蛋白均呈高表達,提示Cks1和Skp2在舌癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中起一定作用;舌癌組織中p27kip1的表達明顯弱于其在癌旁組織及正常舌黏膜組織中的表達,提示在舌癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中,p27kip1發(fā)揮重要的作用,其低表達可能使其失去對細胞周期的負調(diào)控作用,不能有效抑制舌癌組織中異常細胞增生,促進腫瘤發(fā)生。舌癌組織中Cks1、Skp2和p27蛋白表達結(jié)果與已有研究[8-9]結(jié)果一致。
表2不同臨床病理參數(shù)舌癌患者舌癌組織中Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白表達
Tab.2Expressions of Cks1,Skp2,and p27kip1proteins in tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients with different clinicopathological parameters[n(η/%)]
ClinicopathologicalparameternCks1Positiveexpressionχ2PSkp2Positiveexpressionχ2Pp27kip1Positiveexpressionχ2PAge(year) >60 ≤60291622(75.9)11(68.8)0.0270.86919(65.5)9(56.2)0.3770.5396(20.7)5(31.2)0.1820.670Gender Male Female252018(72.0)15(75.0)0.0510.82116(64.0)12(60.0)0.0760.7837(28.0)4(20.0)0.0740.786Differentiationdegree High+moderate Low+poor271816(59.3)17(94.4)5.1560.02312(44.4)16(88.9)9.0760.0033(11.1)8(44.4)4.8180.028TNMstage T1+T2 T3+T4242114(58.3)19(90.5)5.9170.01510(41.7)18(85.7)9.2440.0029(37.5)2(9.5)4.7460.029Lymphnodemetastasis Yes No222320(90.9)13(56.5)6.7990.00919(86.4)9(39.1)10.6720.0012(9.1)9(39.1)5.4940.019Clinicalstage Ⅰ+Ⅱ Ⅲ+Ⅳ222313(59.1)20(87.0)4.4650.03510(45.5)18(78.3)5.1480.0239(40.9)2(8.7)6.3180.012
對Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白表達與舌癌臨床病理參數(shù)間關(guān)系的分析結(jié)果顯示:舌癌組織中Cks1和p27蛋白表達與舌癌患者的年齡和性別無關(guān)聯(lián),但Cks1、Skp2蛋白高表達及p27kip1蛋白的低表達與癌組織淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、腫瘤分化程度、TNM分期和臨床分期有關(guān)聯(lián),與相關(guān)報道[1,10-14]相符,表明3種蛋白陽性表達率的高低可以預(yù)示舌癌的惡性度及頸淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的風(fēng)險性,可作為臨床判斷舌癌惡性程度的有效參考指標。
綜上所述,Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白的表達與舌癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展有密切關(guān)聯(lián),其表達可作為判斷患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和預(yù)后的重要臨床指標。
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Expressions of Cks1,Skp2,and p27kip1proteins in tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissue and their clinical significances
DUAN Xiumei1,LI Shuoxi2,MING Zhihui2,ZHANG Congxiao2,LIU Wenshu2
(1.Clinical Pathological Diagnosis Center,First Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China;2. Department of Stomatology,First Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China)
ObjectiveTo detect the expressions of Cks1,Skp2, and p27kip1proteins in tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissue and to analyze their associations with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma, and to clarify their roles in the development and prognosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsThe expressions of Cks1,Skp2 and p27kip1proteins in 45 cases of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissue,30 cases of adjacent carcinoma tissue and 10 cases of normal tongue mucosa tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry;the differences of the positive expression rates of Cks1,Skp2,and p27kip1proteins in different kinds of tongue tissues were compared; the relationships between the expressions of Cks1,Skp2 and p27kip1proteins with the clinicopathological parameters of the patients were analyzed.ResultsThe expression levels of Cks1 and Skp2 proteins in tongue carcinoma tissue were obviously increased and the positive expression rate of Cks1 and Skp2 proteins were 73.3% and 62.2%.The expression levels of Cks1 and Skp2 proteins in the adjacent carcinoma tissue and normal tongue mucosa tissue were decreased gradually,and the positive expression rates of Cks1 and Skp2 proteins were 23.3%,10.0% and 36.7%,10.0%, respectively.The expression level of p27kip1protein in the tongue carcinoma tissue was decreased or loss, and the positive expression rate of p27kip1protein was 24.4%.The expression levels of p27kip1proten in the adjacent carcinoma tissue and normal tongue mucosa tissue were increased gradually,and the positive expression rates of p27kip1protein were 30.0% and 70.0%,respectively.The postive expression rates of Cks1 and Skp2 proteins in the tongue carcinoma tissue were higher than those in the adjacent carcinoma tissue and normal tongue mucosa tissue(P<0.05),and the positive expression rate of p27kip1protein was lower than those in the adjacent carcinoma tissue and normal tongue mucosa tissue (P<0.05).The positive expression rates of Cks1,Skp2 and p27kip1proteins in the tongue carcinoma tissue were significantly correlated with the lymph node metastasis,TNM stages,differentiation degrees,and clinical stages(P<0.05);but they were not correlated with gender and age (P>0.05).ConclusionThe positive expression rates of Cks1,Skp2 proteins in tongue carcinoma tissue are increased and the positive expression rate of p27kip1protein is decreased;the detection of the positive expression rates of Cks1,Skp2 and p27kip1proteins contributes to judging the malignancy grade and prognosis of the tongue sequamous cell carcinoma.
cyclin dependent kinase subunit 1;S-phase kinase associated protein 2; p27kip1protein;tongue squamous cell carcinoma
1671-587Ⅹ(2015)02-0347-05
10.13481/j.1671-587x.20150228
2014-06-19
吉林省發(fā)改委科研計劃項目資助課題(JF2012C006-8)
段秀梅(1967-),女,黑龍江省哈爾濱市人,教授,醫(yī)學(xué)博士,主要從事腫瘤的分子病理學(xué)方面的研究。
劉文書,主任醫(yī)師,碩士研究生導(dǎo)師(Tel: 0431-88782994,E-mail: liuwenshu256@sina.com)
R739.86
A
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時間: 2015-03-10 11:35
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/22.1342.r.20150310.1135.005.html