彭現(xiàn)省
1. 以here或there開(kāi)頭的句子,說(shuō)明正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:
Here comes the bus!
There goes the bell!
2. 既定的時(shí)間如生日、日歷、課時(shí)安排、交通時(shí)間表等,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例如:
The meeting starts at five oclock.
The train leaves at three this afternoon.
3. 在see to it, make sure, make certain, be sure, look out, take care等之后的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)/過(guò)去將來(lái)/將來(lái)完成時(shí)。例如:
You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab.
See to it that everything is OK.
4. 在賓語(yǔ)從句中,表示客觀事實(shí)或真理,一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:
The teacher taught us yesterday that the moon circles the earth.
Somebody told me that you are a writer.
5. 在由as soon as, when, before, after, till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和由if,unless, as long as, in case等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,或在方式、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí),但主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例如:
If you come this afternoon, Well have a meeting.
1. 表示說(shuō)話人始料未及的事情用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:
Oh! I didnt know you were in Shanghai.
2. 在wish, would rather之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中和在as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,以及在it is time that...句型的定語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的事情。例如:
Its time you had a holiday.
He looks as if he were young.
3. 用表示意愿及精神狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,反映說(shuō)話者探尋的態(tài)度時(shí),動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),顯得更加禮貌。例如:
I didnt know you were here.
我不知道你在這里。(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在)
I wondered if you could help me.
我在想你是否能幫助我。
4. 在含有hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
Hardly had I entered the room, when I heard a loud noise.
1. 若句中帶有always, all the time, forever, constantly等詞或短語(yǔ),則用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,表示說(shuō)話人贊賞或厭惡等感情。例如:
You are always forgetting the important things.
你總是忘記重要的事。
2. 某些詞如come, go, leave, arrive, start等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。例如:
He is leaving tomorrow.
The visitors are arriving in a few minutes.
1. 表示故事發(fā)生的背景。例如:
One day Jones was walking along the street.
一天,瓊斯正在街上走。
It was snowing as thay made their way to the front.
他們往前面走的時(shí)候正在下雪。
2. 與always, forever, constantly, continually, frequently等詞連用,表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的行為,往往帶有感情色彩。例如:
My brother was always losing his key.
我的哥哥/弟弟老是掉鑰匙。
They were frequently quarrelling.
他們老是吵架。
1. 被the first time, a few times, again and again等表示次數(shù)或重復(fù)的狀語(yǔ)修飾時(shí),句中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如:
This is the third time we have made improvements in that equipment.
這是我們第三次升級(jí)那個(gè)設(shè)備。
2. 定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是最高級(jí)形式或被最高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí),句中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如:
Scientists have found almost all metals are good conductors, the best of which is silver.
科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體,其中最好的是銀。
3. 在某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成的動(dòng)作。例如:
Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.
我做完作業(yè)就去你家。
If it has stoppted snowing in the morning, well go to the park.
如果早上雪停了,我們就去公園。
1. 某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示原先計(jì)劃或打算做而沒(méi)有做的事情。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有mean, plan, think, suppose, want, intend等。例如:
We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.
我們?cè)鞠M憧梢詠?lái)看望我們。
I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time.
我本打算做個(gè)蛋糕,但沒(méi)時(shí)間了。
2. 在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中以及which或Id rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如:
If you only had worked with great care!
要是你工作仔細(xì)些就好了!
1. 表示一種傾向、故有特性或說(shuō)話人推測(cè)的意見(jiàn)。例如:
I think it will rain tomorrow.
Birds will build nests.
鳥(niǎo)總要筑巢。
2. 在某些條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。例如:
We shall go unless it rains.
Hell help you if you ask him.
說(shuō)明 有時(shí)用“be about to+動(dòng)詞原形”“be to+動(dòng)詞原形”或“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來(lái)時(shí)。例如:
The meeting is going to start at nine.
She is not to be back late.
The film is about to begin.