during which與during which time的異同

曾克輝

在學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，許多同學(xué)對(duì)during which和during which time的用法混淆不清，認(rèn)為它們沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別，甚至認(rèn)為during which time中的time是多余的。其實(shí)，during which和during which time在用法上是不一樣的。現(xiàn)歸納如下：

during which的用法

during which相當(dāng)于during the time/the period/the course of ...，既可用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；可指時(shí)間，也可指過(guò)程或階段等。意為“在……期間，在……過(guò)程中，在……階段”等。

1. during which 用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，修飾對(duì)象為先行詞，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中表示“在……期間，在……過(guò)程中”。例如：

September and October are the months of the year during which most English people take their holidays.

一年中9、10兩個(gè)月是大多數(shù)英國(guó)人休假的月份。

點(diǎn)撥 句中的during which = and during the time of the months of the year，表示“一年中的這兩個(gè)月間”。

In 1988， Vietnam and china fought a brief naval battle during which more than 70 Vietnamese sailors died.

1988年，越南和中國(guó)曾進(jìn)行過(guò)一次小規(guī)模海戰(zhàn)，70多名越南士兵在戰(zhàn)斗中喪生。

點(diǎn)撥 句中的during which = and during the course of the brief naval battle，表示“小規(guī)模海戰(zhàn)期間”。

2. during which 用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不修飾整個(gè)句子，只修飾句子中的某個(gè)詞（組），被修飾的詞（組），在從句中表“在……期間，在……過(guò)程中”。例如：

She kept her vow for a week， during which she was unusually cross and fretful.

她信守誓言有一星期之久，但在這一星期內(nèi)，她顯得五心煩躁，動(dòng)不動(dòng)就發(fā)脾氣。

點(diǎn)撥 句中的during which=and during the time of the week，表示“在這一星期期間”。

He died in the Anti-Japanese War， during which my grandfather fought side by side with him.

他在抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中為國(guó)捐軀，在抗戰(zhàn)期間，我祖父曾與他并肩戰(zhàn)斗過(guò)。

點(diǎn)撥 句中的during which=and during the period of the Anti-Japanese War，表示“在抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間”。

during which time的用法

during which time相當(dāng)于during the time when/that-clause，指時(shí)間概念，表示“在……期間”。

1. during which time通常用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的主句，側(cè)重點(diǎn)不在于主句中的時(shí)間名詞，而是整個(gè)句子。例如：

It took two years for me to get better， during which time he spoon-fed me and did absolutely everything around the house.

我過(guò)了兩年時(shí)間才好起來(lái)，其間他喂我進(jìn)食，并承擔(dān)全部的家務(wù)。

點(diǎn)撥 句中的during which time = and during the time when / that it took two years for me to get better 表示“我過(guò)了兩年時(shí)間才好起來(lái)”的整個(gè)過(guò)程。

He spent four years in college， during which time he studied medicine.

他上了四年大學(xué)，這期間他學(xué)了醫(yī)學(xué)。

點(diǎn)撥 句中的during which time=and during the time when / that he spent four years in college，表示“他上了四年大學(xué)”的整個(gè)過(guò)程。

2. during which time間或用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但仍是說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)主句，所表達(dá)的還是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的意義。例如：

She lived for only seven weeks during which time her sister， Victoria， bought her a small teddy bear.

她只活了7周，在這期間，她的姐姐維多利亞給她買(mǎi)了一個(gè)小泰迪熊。

點(diǎn)撥 句中的during which time=and during the time when/that she lived for only seven weeks，表示“她活了7周”這段時(shí)間。

during which 與during which time的異同

during which修飾主句中表“時(shí)間、時(shí)期、階段”等的詞（組），而during which time修飾整個(gè)句子，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中它們的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也有所不同。請(qǐng)看金山詞霸上的兩個(gè)例句：

A year passed， during which the scarecrow turned philosopher.

一年過(guò)后， 稻草人變成了哲學(xué)家。

點(diǎn)撥 定語(yǔ)從句修飾a year這個(gè)詞。

Half an hour passed， during which time the ark had been slowly stealing over the water.

半小時(shí)過(guò)去了，這時(shí)船在湖面上無(wú)聲無(wú)息地緩緩滑行。

點(diǎn)撥 定語(yǔ)從句修飾Half an hour passed整個(gè)句子。

再看“2010年江西省名校高考信息卷（一）”的單項(xiàng)選擇題的第25小題：

25. They stayed with me three weeks， they drank all the beer I had.

A. for which B. which time

C. during which time D. during which

答案是C。

說(shuō)明 其實(shí)，這道題不應(yīng)將during which和during which time同時(shí)列入選擇項(xiàng)，因?yàn)镈選項(xiàng)也是對(duì)的，修飾對(duì)象變成了three weeks，但意義略有差別。所以，嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，這道題的命題還是不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)摹?/p>

Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003， he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.

A. during which time B. for which time

C. during whose time D. by that time

答案是A。

綜上所述，during which和during which time在用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它們?cè)谝饬x表達(dá)上和側(cè)重點(diǎn)上還是有所不同的。