希拉里博弈政壇的語言藝術(shù)賞析

⊙楊修平［衢州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)部，浙江 衢州 324000］

希拉里博弈政壇的語言藝術(shù)賞析

⊙楊修平［衢州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)部，浙江 衢州 324000］

語言是人際交流的首要工具，演講是語言藝術(shù)的集中體現(xiàn)，而話語分析是欣賞語言藝術(shù)的手段。本文選取希拉里·克林頓2000年當(dāng)選紐約州國會參議員后所作的致謝辭，并借助話語分析這一工具剖析了整個語篇，以展示世界強人言辭操控的鏗鏘之力和語言應(yīng)用的奧妙之美。

話語分析 語言藝術(shù) 希拉里·克林頓 競選紐約州參議員的致謝辭

希拉里·克林頓（Hilary Clinton）被認為是美國最有政治抱負的第一夫人。2000年11月7日，她成功當(dāng)選紐約州國會參議員，也是紐約州的第一位女參議員，更是美國歷史上第一個獲得工職的總統(tǒng)夫人，輿論也普遍認為她是美國歷史上最有實權(quán)的第一夫人。盡管已經(jīng)陪丈夫克林頓（Bill Clinton）在白宮呆了多年，但她還不滿足，于是親自出馬競選總統(tǒng)，成為美國2008年總統(tǒng)大選的熱門人物之一，并在民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人初選中大幅度領(lǐng)先，但最終敗給了伊利諾伊州的聯(lián)邦參議員貝拉克·奧巴馬。奧巴馬成功當(dāng)選后，提名她出任國務(wù)卿，并最終成為美國歷史上的第三位女性國務(wù)卿。她一路過關(guān)斬將、所向披靡的秘笈何在？剛?cè)岵恼Z言風(fēng)格就是她成功的一大法寶，語言就是力量！為了更好地欣賞這種力量，本文特選取她獲勝當(dāng)晚在曼哈頓所作的致謝辭進行話語分析。全文語篇共計八個自然段，為了便于分析，每個自然段前都加上了編號，特殊之處改用斜體。

一、語篇案例文本

New York Senate Race Speech

[1]You know,you know,we started this great effort on a sunny July morning in Pindars Corner on Pat and Liz Moynihan’s beautiful farm and 62 counties,16 months,3 debates,2 opponents,and 6 black pantsuits later,because of you,here we are.|

[2]You came out and said that issues and ideals matter.Jobs matter,downstate and upstate.Health care matters, education matters,the environment matters,Social Security matters,a woman’s right to choose matters.It all matters and I just want to say from the bottom of my heart,thank you,New York!

[3]Thank you for opening up your minds and your hearts,for seeing the possibility of what we could do together for our children and for our future here in this state and in our nation.I am profoundly grateful to all of you for giving me the chance to serve you.

[4]I will,I will do everything I can to be worthy of your faith and trust and to honor the powerful example of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan.I would like all of you and the countless New Yorkers and Americans watching to join me in honoring him for his incredible half century of service to New York and our nation.Senator Moynihan,on behalf of New York and America,thank you.

[5]I promise you tonight that I will reach across party lines to bring progress for all of New York’s families.Today we voted as Democrats and Republicans.Tomorrow we begin again as New Yorkers.

[6]And how fortunate we are indeed to live in the most diverse,dynamic and beautiful state in the entire union. You know,from the South Bronx to the Southern Tier,from Brooklyn to Buffalo,from Montauk to Massena,from the world’s tallest skyscrapers to breathtaking mountain ranges,I’ve met people whose faces and stories I will never forget. Thousands of New Yorkers from all 62 counties welcomed me into your schools,your local diners,your factory floors, your living rooms and front porches.You taught me,you tested me and you shared with me your challenges and concerns——about overcrowded or crumbling schools,about the struggle to care for growing children and aging parents, about the continuing challenge of providing equal opportunity for all and about children moving away from their home towns because good jobs are so hard to find in upstate New York.Now I’ve worked on issues like these for a long time,some of them for 30 years,and I am determined to make a difference for all of you.

[7]You see,I believe our nation owes every responsible citizen and every responsible family the tools that they need to make the most of their own lives.That’s the basic bargain.I’ll do my best to honor in the United States Senate.

[8]And to those of you who did not support me,I want you to know that I will work in the Senate for you and for allNew Yorkers.Andtothoseof youwho worked so hard and never lost faith even in the toughest times,I offer you my undying gratitude.

二、語篇話語分析

由于這是一篇致謝辭，加之演說者的個人風(fēng)格，全篇出現(xiàn)頻率最高的人稱代詞是you，其次是I。這樣能使聽說雙方產(chǎn)生強烈的情感共鳴，以最大限度地拉近雙方的心理距離。

此外，也是在第六段，希拉里對紐約做了一番美麗的描述并列舉了不少地名和現(xiàn)存的諸多問題，以表明她對紐約很了解。但事實上，她是芝加哥人，為了競選才匆忙在紐約州買房定居，為此她飽受指責(zé)，但演講中的上述策略卻能混淆視聽，有效平息人們的譴責(zé)和憤怒。

綜上所述，希拉里博弈政壇的語言藝術(shù)已可見一斑。該語篇雖然還有其他值得分析的方面，但限于篇幅和水平，只能至此擱筆。本文的話語分析是為了更好地再現(xiàn)了希拉里堅定自信、親和誘人的語言風(fēng)格和善于把握聽眾情感、游刃有余的演講技藝（這一點在現(xiàn)場錄音中通過其語調(diào)和語氣表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致），以展示世界女強人駕馭語言的力與美。

[1]George Yule.TheStudy of Language[M].Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，2000.

[2]Gillian Brown etc.Discourse Analysis[M].Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，2000.

[3]黃國文.語篇分析的理論與實踐：廣告語篇研究[M].上海：上海外語教育出版社，2001.

[4]瘋狂英語編輯部.瘋狂英語：黃金六年精選珍藏本[M].廣州：廣東語言音像出版社，2001.

作者：楊修平，碩士，衢州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)部講師，主要研究方向為英語課程與教學(xué)論。

編輯：魏思思E-mail:mzxswss@126.com