李小凱
閱讀過程是一個積極的認(rèn)知過程,需要通過學(xué)生與閱讀材料的相互交流并創(chuàng)造新的意義,是一個創(chuàng)造性過程,能提高學(xué)生的批判性思維和獨立分析能力。閱讀課應(yīng)當(dāng)退去鉛華,歸其本質(zhì):“在教師的引導(dǎo)下實現(xiàn)學(xué)生與文本的交流互動,不止是讀到更應(yīng)該讀懂”。這就啟示我們深層閱讀勢在必行!我們的教學(xué)應(yīng)該是將多種閱讀策略、手段運用到同一篇文章中,多維度、多層次對文段進(jìn)行解讀,關(guān)注文本的邏輯、修辭、情感。下面筆者就執(zhí)教觀摩的幾節(jié)課,做出簡單的陳述,關(guān)注教師應(yīng)如何做到了對文段深入、全面的理解。
一、探究篇章邏輯之理
在執(zhí)教新課標(biāo)高中英語必修教材第五模塊Unit1 Great Scientist的reading部分John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”時,由于借班上課,執(zhí)教教師首先做了自我介紹,然后描繪了執(zhí)教本節(jié)課的心情,內(nèi)容如下:Im Lily,and I think Im a little silly for I choose to expose myself to a new environment.Meanwhile,I guess you suspect my ability.Whats more,I ask so many teachers to attend my class.這個小文本既巧妙地將本單元的單詞與詞組融合在了一起,并迅速的拉近了教師與學(xué)生的距離,與平時聽到的閱讀課前大量且收效甚微的warming-up相比更直接也更有效的將學(xué)生帶入到文本中,也會讓學(xué)生對教師產(chǎn)生濃厚的興趣,能夠樂意與新教師一起互動,同時也為本篇文章的整體線索做了鋪墊,繼而問了學(xué)生下面的問題:What is an argument ? What does an argument consist of? 同時在對上面的小文本進(jìn)行簡單的分析后如上述文本的Im silly是一個argument,而后面的是reasons最后詢問學(xué)生:What is your conclusion: do you think Im silly? 并邀請學(xué)生各抒己見,最終得出結(jié)論也是這堂閱讀課的主線 an argument= reasons + a conclusion 并再進(jìn)一步的引申為 a good argument= strong/sound reasons + a conclusion 然后依此為綱要,對本篇閱讀進(jìn)行了深層閱讀如:對于第一段的處理是這樣的:What does the writer think of John Snow according to the first paragraph?(Be aware:a conclusion doesnt necessarily come from the last sentence of the paragraph; Sometimes it comes from the first sentence or other part of a paragraph.)然后要求學(xué)生找出本段的conclusion以及得出結(jié)論的reasons,在這個過程中,執(zhí)教教師既訓(xùn)練了學(xué)生去閱讀的閱讀策略,練習(xí)學(xué)生歸納概括大意,也引導(dǎo)學(xué)生站在邏輯的高度去看待文本。
二、品讀語言修辭之美
高中新課標(biāo)的必修教材第一模塊中Unit 1 Earthquakes 中的reading:A Night The Earth Didnt Sleep介紹了1972年中國唐山大地震的有關(guān)情況,內(nèi)容包括震前,震中,震后的情況。這是一篇記敘類的紀(jì)實文本,但是我校一位剛剛從事教學(xué)的新教師卻另辟蹊徑,從完全不同的角度給我們詮釋了這篇文章:
Activity 1: Enjoy the beautiful sentences of this passage and share the good sentences that you think with your classmates,and tell us the reasons.
(after some minutes)
Student1: Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind,however,could blow them away.
(I think this sentence is very good,for it can show us a vivid picture of how serious the earthquake is,and that the earth seems breathless.)
Student 2: the title of this passage is very good---A Night The Earth Didnt sleep,and the last sentence ---Slowly the city began to breathe again.
(I think they are both good,for the author compare the earth as a person,it will make us get closer to the affair)
Student 3: It seemed as if the world was at an end!......But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
(In my opinion,these sentences are great,the first one used the phrase “as if ” to show how sad the people feel and how serious the situation is. The second one use a question,but the author doesnt want us to answer it,he just want us to feel the event.
……
The teacher made a conclusion: these students did very good jobs,just because these sentences made our passage lively and vivid,also it makes us nearly on the scene.
通過上述活動,教師使得學(xué)生在欣賞文本的同時,引入了修辭的概念,很多教師在教學(xué)的過程中比較關(guān)注文章的細(xì)節(jié),嚴(yán)格意義上似乎做到了新課標(biāo)中用英語獲取信息的基本要求,然后怎樣用英語分析獲取信息,進(jìn)而用英語來解決問題的能力是沒有的,除了被動接受教師灌輸?shù)闹R以外很難讓學(xué)生在源于文本的基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)高于文本的理解,即實現(xiàn)read between lines乃至read beyond lines。
以文本為載體,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注篇章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)、理解語言的修辭之美、品味材料的情感價值觀、從而使學(xué)生由內(nèi)化而獲得技能并得到能力的培養(yǎng)絕對不會是一朝一夕的事情,教師只有不斷的在教學(xué)實踐中有意識、多角度的探索才能將深層閱讀落在實處!