摘要:目的 探討影響抑郁癥患者在精神科門診治療的因素。方法 選取2014年1月~12月在我院門診及住院接受治療的抑郁癥患者93例,采用我院自行設計的調查表對影響患者門診治療因素進行調查。結果 本次調查發(fā)現(xiàn)93例抑郁癥患者中有32(34.4%)例患者選擇首次在精神科門診進行治療,61(65.6%)例患者選擇非精神科進行治療;選擇精神科門診、非精神科門診的患者在自責自罪、情緒抑郁、自殺企圖、消極觀念、非真實感、幻覺妄想、軀體不適、家屬對患者病情較關注方面存在明顯差異,P<0.05,有統(tǒng)計學意義;在教育程度、居住地、性別方面無明顯差異,P>0.05,無統(tǒng)計學意義。結論 影響抑郁癥患者選擇就診科室的因素主要為患者臨床癥狀及家屬態(tài)度。
關鍵詞:抑郁癥患者;精神科門診治療;影響因素
抑郁癥是臨床較為常見的精神障礙,其發(fā)病率、致殘率、復發(fā)率均較高,嚴重影響患者的工作、學習、身心健康[1]。世界衛(wèi)生組織預計截止2030年,全世界以抑郁為主的心理疾病將在全球疾病負擔中排名第二,而我國目前的疾病負擔調查結果顯示抑郁癥在精神疾病中排名第一[2]。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料 本組93例患者均符合我國第3版抑郁癥診斷標準及精神障礙分類標準?;颊咧心?3例,女40例;年齡19~75歲,平均年齡(46.5±9.7)歲;病程6個月~8年,平均病程(4.5±2.4)年;文盲8例,小學21例,初中24例,高中及以上34例;農村患者35例,城鎮(zhèn)患者58例。
1.2調查方法 自制制定調查問卷表格,取得患者及家屬同意,采取保密、不記名方式進行調查,醫(yī)生指導,患者自行填寫。
1.3統(tǒng)計學處理 應用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計軟件包進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗,P<0.05為有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2結果
2.1本次調查發(fā)現(xiàn)93例抑郁癥患者中有32(34.4%)例患者選擇在精神科門診進行首次治療,61(65.6%)例患者選擇非精神科進行治療。患者選擇非精神科的主要原因為:34(55.7%)例患者認為自己所患疾病為軀體疾??;7(11.5%)例患者因愛面子認為到精神科就診、治療較丟人;6(9.8%)例患者因朋友、親屬反對;其他原因14例(23.0%)。
2.2影響患者選擇精神科門診治療就診的相關因素,見表1。
由表1可見:選擇精神科門診、非精神門診首次就醫(yī)的患者在自責自罪、情緒抑郁、自殺企圖、消極觀念、非真實感、幻覺妄想、軀體不適、家屬對患者病情較關注方面存在明顯差異,P<0.05,有統(tǒng)計學意義;在教育程度、居住地、性別方面無明顯差異,P>0.05,無統(tǒng)計學意義。
3討論
作為臨床常見的精神類疾病,抑郁癥已對患者的工作、生活、學習造成嚴重影響。大多數(shù)抑郁癥患者初次到醫(yī)院就診時一般不會選擇精神科門診,多數(shù)患者會極力否認自己有抑郁癥傾向或患有抑郁癥,半數(shù)以上抑郁癥患者都認為自己是患有某種軀體疾病,究其原因可能是大多抑郁癥患者的軀體會經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)某些癥狀,也可能是患者及家屬對精神疾病的認識不足,這往往使患者錯過最佳治療時間,降低了臨床治愈率,給患者帶來嚴重的精神痛苦和經(jīng)濟負擔[3]。
本次調查發(fā)現(xiàn)93例抑郁癥患者中有32例患者選擇首次在精神科門診進行治療,61例患者選擇非精神科進行治療;選擇精神科門診、非精神科門診的患者在自責自罪、情緒抑郁、自殺企圖、消極觀念、非真實感、幻覺妄想、軀體不適、家屬對患者病情較關注方面存在明顯差異;這說明抑郁癥患者的心理癥狀較突出,觀念比較消極,嚴重者會出現(xiàn)自殺企圖,伴有幻覺妄想等精神病性癥狀者,一般會到精神科就診。到非精神科就診的患者大多出現(xiàn)軀體不適。家屬、親人對抑郁癥患者病情的關注程度也是患者選擇就診科室的重要因素。在教育程度、居住地、性別方面無明顯差異,這一結論進一步證明影響患者選擇就診科室的因素主要是疾病本身[4]。
近年來,隨著文化知識的普及,患者對抑郁癥的正確認識不斷提高,部分患者會及時選擇到精神科就診。到其他科室就診的多數(shù)抑郁癥患者也會轉到精神科進行診斷和繼續(xù)治療,但很少有抑郁癥患者的自行決定,這說明此時患者的病情已較重,對求治沒有正確的判斷力,更需要家屬及醫(yī)生的關注這說明患者的轉診決定中患者家屬、心理咨詢人員、醫(yī)院醫(yī)生都起到關鍵作用[5]。
綜述,目前綜合醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生、患者、家屬,對抑郁癥都缺乏足夠認識。一般抑郁癥狀較輕的患者,都會選擇到綜合醫(yī)院的非精神科就診,這樣因專業(yè)水平有限,常導致患者病程延長、病情加重,繼而浪費人力及財力。所以,臨床絕不可忽視抑郁癥患者的診斷及治療,提高醫(yī)師對精神疾?。ㄌ貏e是抑郁癥)的深入了解、優(yōu)化治療手段、提高患者及其家屬疾病的正確認識已成為臨床關注的焦點[6]。
參考文獻:
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[2]孫蕓,張勇輝,徐慶迎,等.抑郁癥患者照料者心理負擔及其影響因素研究[J].醫(yī)學理論與實踐,2014,27(16):2105-2106,2166.
[3]馬莉.抑郁癥患者服藥依從性影響因素分析及健康指導[J].中國民康醫(yī)學,2011,23(22):2988-2989.
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[6]余群,萬純,王宇峰.臨床痊愈的抑郁癥患者生命質量及影響因素的研究[J].中國傷殘醫(yī)學,2013,21(11):225-226.
編輯/申磊
Current situation of the development of medical group of our country's understanding and thinking
NIU Huan-huan,MIAO Zhi-min
(Qiingdao University,Qingdao 266000,Shandong,China)
With the deepening of Chinese medical reform,the local hospitals have been operated through the way of medical concentration,which has been developed rapidly ever since.The foundation and development of the medical group run by the form has set a large hospital as a core meanwhile led other hospital members to get together well functionally and sustainably.At the same time,this group has taken charge of the whole medical market,Chinese Medical Group has twisted and turned in the groping forward.
1 The problems of Chinese Medical Group
1.1Looseness structure of medical group and unclear property right Now most of Chinese Medical Group don't change the existing system of property right substantially and are the loosened type.The mechanism include the hospitals' administrative relationship,existing assets affiliations inside is unchanged [1].Overall,this operating mode restricts the operation and development of medical groups,which becomes difficult to change the internal operating modes.
1.2The lack of a standardized corporate governance structure The norms and corporate governance structure of the hospital groups is not perfect and it has become a short board in the health care reform,which seriously restricts the further development of the hospital groups and the deepening of the reform of the public hospitals.It is difficult to coordinate the development of the medical profession,and ultimately does not change the existing pattern of the hospitals organized by the Health Bureau[2].
1.3 The lack of policy and oversight mechanisms Most public hospitals belong to business subsidy institutions still need the support of government in many way.But in fact,many government departments cancel the original financial support after the members join the group.Thereby it leads the medical groups to be difficult in the development process,which makes group behavior deviate far from the way how they should fulfill their objectives.
2 Countermeasures and suggestions
2.1 It is important to establish a modern corporate governance structure,clear the property ownership,so that the group of such good operational mechanism can create a internal management system and take actions on healthcare service.
2.2 It is essential for government to form a rational treatment and grade service system optimization.Supporting the development by appropriate policies,laws and regulations can improve health care service and is a powerful guarantee to the smooth development of the medical groups.
References:
[1]Xu Xianzhong.Our analysis on the current issues related to the formation of the Health Group [J]. Hospital Management Forum,2003,(6):29-30.
[2]Lin Feng,Wang Hairong,Wu Baolin.Group +corporate governance:a new model of public hospital management system[J].Chinese Health Service Management,2010,(9):584-586.
編輯/孫杰