透視常見錯誤提高寫作能力

王曰福

【摘要】寫作在英語教學(xué)和考試中起著舉足輕重的作用。筆者通過批閱大量學(xué)生作文發(fā)現(xiàn)：高三學(xué)生作文中最容易出現(xiàn)的錯誤。本文列舉20種最常見情況，旨在幫助廣大高三師生糾正同類錯誤，提高寫作能力。

【關(guān)鍵詞】透視錯誤、提高能力

一、There be句型（學(xué)生作文中出錯率最高的句型之一）

There are many students use smart phones 改為：There are many students using smart phones / There are many students who（that） use smart phones.

二、系動詞與實意動詞混用

He is study English .改為：He is studying English /He studies English.

I am worry about it .改為：I am worried about it / I worry about it .

三、分不清動詞及物不及物（及物動詞后加介詞或不及物動詞直接帶賓語）

Last week I attended on a birthday party 改為：Last week I attended a birthday party.

Students should not chat others when at class.改為：Students should not chat with others when at class.

四、代詞誤用（分不清人稱代詞主賓格與物主代詞）

I gave he a book 改為：I gave him a book .

They should protect them eyes.改為：They should protect their eyes.

五、成分缺失（無主語或缺謂語）

If work hard ，we will be successful.改為：If we work hard，we will be successful.

He often helps us when we in trouble.改為：He often helps us when we are in trouble .

六、詞性誤用（名詞與動詞、介詞與動詞、形容詞與副詞混淆）

Have an affect on 改為：Have an effect on

He often gets up at 6；00 everyday 改為：He often gets up at 6；00 every day.

She like her mother very much （她很像她媽媽） 改為：She is like her mother very much （她很像她媽媽）/ She looks like her mother very much.

七、分不清可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞，無名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意識

Many student like playing games 改為：Many students like playing games.

I have many works to do 改為：I have much work to do .

八、漢語式表達

I think have two reasons （我想有兩個原因）改為：I think there are two reasons .

Recently our village has taken place great changes.改為：Recently great changes have taken place in our village .

九、冠詞誤用

To begin with 誤寫成To the begin with，lead a happy life寫成lead happy life.

十、人稱不一致，指代不清楚

If you study hard， we will make great progress .改為：If you study hard ，you will make great progress.

十一、審題不嚴，鬧出笑話

題目提示語：假如你是李華，……然而有考生作文中寫到：I'm Wang Lin .

十二、拼寫錯誤

Besides （而且）誤寫成beside，nowadays寫成nowdays

十三、分不清to是介詞還是動詞不定式符號

He decided to going to school 改為：He decided to go to school.

He devoted himself to do his work 改為：He devoted himself to doing his work.

十四、句意矛盾或重復(fù)累贅

He managed to pass the exam，but failed 改為He tried to pass the exam，but failed

In my opinion，I think the owner is justified to do so.改為：In my opinion，the owner is justified to do so./ I think the owner is justified to do so.endprint

十五、主謂不一致，尤其是單數(shù)第三人稱作主語時，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)錯誤

A farmer lead us to the field 改為：A farmer led us to the field.

All the students like books that was written by LuXun.改為：All the students like books that were written by LuXun.

十六、時態(tài)錯誤

When he came back he found that his wife has gone to bed改為：When he came back ， he found that his wife had gone to bed

What is he doing this time yesterday ？ 改為：What was he doing this time yesterday ？

十七、介詞誤用

In my surprise，he didnt pass the exam改為To my surprise， he didntpass the exam.

Dont read under the sun 改為：Dont read in the sun

十八、結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤

While riding a bike，keep the right of the road.改為：While riding a bike，we should keep the right of the road.

He wrote about 300 stories，some of them had been translated into Chinese.改為：He wrote about 300 stories，some of which had been translated into Chinese.

十九、語序錯誤

Only in this way， we can learn English well.改為：Only in this way ， can we learn English well.

二十、非謂語動詞錯誤

Watch TV too much is bad for your health.改為：Watching TV too much is bad for your health.

參考文獻：

[1]郭在貽.放流”就是“放浪”嗎[J].社會科學(xué)輯刊.1981（4）.

[2]田長貴.高等學(xué)校雙杠教材教法研究[J].湖北民族學(xué)院學(xué)報（哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版）.1982（1）.

[3]陳國正.簡析logm5.4

[4]朱定符.求幾何極值問題的錯誤簡析[J].數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué).1982（4）.

[5]趙東邱，學(xué)方華，信先吉.重積分計算的常見錯誤多元函數(shù)求導(dǎo)和[J].中國遠程教育.1983（1）.

[6]尹鑫妹，王典倫.書寫分子式常見錯誤種種及糾正[J].江西教育.1983（5）.