城市居民低保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定及指數(shù)化調(diào)整機(jī)制設(shè)計(jì)

邊恕+孫雅娜+郝悅

摘 要：文章基于遼寧省社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)，利用馬丁法測(cè)算得出食物線、低貧困線、高貧困線等指標(biāo)。通過(guò)與現(xiàn)實(shí)低保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)實(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)位于食物線與低貧困線之間，不能滿足受助者最低層次的多元需求;通過(guò)構(gòu)建與食品價(jià)格指數(shù)、消費(fèi)價(jià)格-人均收入組合指數(shù)、人均收入增長(zhǎng)率的聯(lián)動(dòng)調(diào)整機(jī)制，得到動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整后的城市低保標(biāo)準(zhǔn);在與遼寧省財(cái)政適度負(fù)擔(dān)率比較后，發(fā)現(xiàn)遼寧省地方財(cái)政不僅能夠承擔(dān)調(diào)整后的低保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而且也完全能夠承擔(dān)馬丁法所確定的高、低貧困線。對(duì)此提出了科學(xué)地確定低保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、實(shí)現(xiàn)底線公平與多元需求的統(tǒng)一、設(shè)計(jì)動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整機(jī)制、構(gòu)建多元保障銜接機(jī)制等對(duì)策。

關(guān)鍵詞：城市低保制度;馬丁法;低保標(biāo)準(zhǔn);調(diào)整機(jī)制;財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)

中圖分類號(hào)：D632.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1000-4149（2015）01-0108-08

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2015.01.011

收稿日期：2014-09-02;修訂日期：2014-12-06

基金項(xiàng)目：教育部人文社會(huì)科學(xué)重點(diǎn)研究基地重大項(xiàng)目“養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌政策優(yōu)化研究——基于養(yǎng)老金與財(cái)政動(dòng)態(tài)契合的視角”（14JJD630012）;國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度優(yōu)化：基于養(yǎng)老金給付與財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼的動(dòng)態(tài)契合視角”（71303101）;教育部人文社會(huì)科學(xué)一般項(xiàng)目“新型農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度優(yōu)化下的財(cái)政適度負(fù)擔(dān)水平研究”（13YJCZH003）;遼寧省社會(huì)科學(xué)規(guī)劃基金項(xiàng)目“應(yīng)對(duì)遼寧人口老齡化財(cái)政政策研究”（L12BRK003）。

作者簡(jiǎn)介：邊恕，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)博士，遼寧大學(xué)人口研究所教授，武漢大學(xué)社會(huì)保障研究中心·社會(huì)保障與民生安全協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心研究員;孫雅娜，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)博士，遼寧大學(xué)新華國(guó)際商學(xué)院教授;郝悅，遼寧大學(xué)人口研究所碩士研究生。

Urban Resident Minimum Living Standard Determination and the Indexation Adjustment

Mechanism Design： Illustrated by the Example of Liaoning

BIAN Shu1，2， SUN Yana3， HAO Yue1

（1. Institute of Population Research， Liaoning University， Shenyang 110036，China;

2.Center for Social Security Studies·Social Security and Life Security Collaborative

Innovation Center ，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430072，China; 3. Sun Wah

International Business School， Liaoning University， Shenyang 110136，China）

Abstract：This paper measured and calculated food line， low and high poverty line based on the reality of social and economic data of Liaoning province using the method of Martin. Comparing with the real low standard this paper found that real standard lies between food line and low poverty line， so it cant meet the ?recipients diversity demand. This paper got the dynamic adjustment of low standard of Liaoning province by building an adjustment mechanism of food price index， consumer prices per capita income combination index， the growth rate of per capita income. After comparing with fiscal moderate burden of Liaoning province， this paper also found that local government can not only bear the burden of adjusted low standard， but also entirely borne the low and high poverty line calculated by Martin method. Finally， this article put forward some countermeasures like determining low standard scientifically，realizing the unity of baseline fairness and diverse demand， designing dynamic adjustment mechanism， building multivariate security cohesion mechanism.

Keywords：urban subsistence allowance system; Martin method; lowest standard; adjustment mechanism; financial burden