曹亮+郭彥偉+王志偉+劉超+劉艷+潘靜
[摘要] 目的 探討腫瘤標(biāo)記物NSE與非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者化療效果的相關(guān)性。 方法 回顧性分析我院62例非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者,48例(77.4%)患者接受2個(gè)周期培美曲賽聯(lián)合順鉑治療方案,14例(22.6%)接受易瑞沙靶向治療的方案。治療前后比較NSE水平的變化以及按照RECIST標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較腫瘤大小。 結(jié)果 2周期化療后,在腫瘤縮小或穩(wěn)定的患者中NSE水平較治療前降低 56%。NSE水平下降≥16%, 總反應(yīng)率80%,18.1% 病例穩(wěn)定,1.9% 進(jìn)展。然而,NSE下降<16%,總反應(yīng)率 6.1% ,60.6%穩(wěn)定,33.3%進(jìn)展。NSE下降≥16%患者無(wú)進(jìn)展生存期(19.12±2.31)個(gè)月長(zhǎng)于NSE下降<16%的(8.56±1.49)個(gè)月(P<0.001)。NSE下降水平與患者總生存率無(wú)關(guān)(P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 NSE是非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者預(yù)后的一個(gè)敏感的特異性指標(biāo),同時(shí)是一個(gè)可以預(yù)測(cè)非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者化療及靶向治療療效的指標(biāo)。NSE下降超過(guò)16%的非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者無(wú)進(jìn)展生存期更長(zhǎng)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 非小細(xì)胞肺癌;化療;靶向治療;NSE;預(yù)后
[中圖分類號(hào)] R734.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2014)17-0032-03
Prospective value of NSE in non small-cell lung cancer patients with chemotherapy
CAO Liang GUO Yanwei WANG Zhiwei LIU Chao LIU Yan PAN Jing
Department of Medical Oncology,the Peoples Hospital of Zhengzhou Yihe Hospital,Zhengzhou 450000,China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluating the prognoses of tumor marker NSE (neuron-specific enolase) regarding to chemotherapy response in non small- cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods Sixty-two with locally advanced NSCLC patients were included in this study. All these patients were given 2 courses of pemetrexed plus cisplatin chemotherapy (77.4%) or tyrosine kinase inhibitor (22.6%). The treatment response was determined by the changes of NSE serum level and RECIST criteria before and after 2 courses chemotherapy. Results After two cycles of chemotherapy treatments, the patients who reached an objective response showed a reduction of NSE levels of 56% compared to its basal level. For a NSE reduction achieved ≥16% showed an overall response in 80% of cases, stable disease in 18.1 % and progression in 1.9 %, while patients that did not achieve a reduction ≥16% had an overall response of 6.1 %, stable disease of 60.6 % and progression of 33.3 %. PFS was longer in patients with a ≥16% reduction in NSE(19.12±2.31 vs 8.56±1.49 months,P < 0.001). Reduction of NSE was not a predictive factor of OS. Conclusion NSE is a sensitive and specific tumor marker of NSCLC,and A NSE level reduction is also a sensitive prognosis factor of chemotherapy and TKI therapy in NSCLC patients. A ≥16% reduction in NSE levels is associated with a longer PFS.
[Key words] Non small-cell lung cancer;Chemotherapy; TKI; NSE;Prognosis
肺癌是世界范圍內(nèi)第一高發(fā)腫瘤。同時(shí)也是男性癌癥患者中第一死亡原因,在女性癌癥患者中排位第二。其中非小細(xì)胞肺癌在肺癌總數(shù)中占據(jù)80%~85%[1,2]。目前手術(shù)切除仍是可切除的肺癌患者首選治療手段,但是多數(shù)肺癌發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)已經(jīng)到了中晚期。早期診斷和治療可顯著提高患者長(zhǎng)期生存率[3,4]。近年來(lái),隨著分子生物學(xué)、基因?qū)W以及腫瘤藥理學(xué)的研究進(jìn)展,越來(lái)越多的靶向治療為一部分基因突變的肺癌患者帶來(lái)了希望。因此,化療和靶向治療成為大多數(shù)非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者首選的治療手段,并被列入2013年NCCN指南。MILES-3 以及MILES-4研究結(jié)果顯示在老年局部晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑可以作為一線治療方案[5]。Kawano Y 等[6]在一項(xiàng)Ⅱ期非小細(xì)胞肺癌的臨床試驗(yàn)研究的結(jié)論表明培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑化療副反應(yīng)小,無(wú)進(jìn)展生存期達(dá)到4.3個(gè)月,總生存期達(dá)到22.3個(gè)月。因此,培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑在非小細(xì)胞肺癌治療中的地位也逐漸被更多的腫瘤學(xué)專家和腫瘤科醫(yī)生所接收和認(rèn)可。
CT等影像學(xué)檢查仍是評(píng)估肺癌腫瘤大小的主要手段,但是其對(duì)化療或靶向治療后肺部腫塊的評(píng)估顯然是不全面的。因此,我們迫切需要找到對(duì)非小細(xì)胞肺癌療效敏感且有特異性的腫瘤標(biāo)志物,以幫助篩選出對(duì)化療有效的非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者,評(píng)估療效。NSE是小細(xì)胞肺癌中重要的腫瘤標(biāo)志物已被廣泛認(rèn)可[7]。有報(bào)道指出NSE也是非小細(xì)胞肺癌常見標(biāo)志物,并且在非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者預(yù)后評(píng)估中有重要意義[8,9]。然而,NSE對(duì)非小細(xì)胞肺癌化療療效的評(píng)估還沒(méi)有被廣泛報(bào)道。
本研究的目的是進(jìn)一步研究和分析NSE水平與非小細(xì)胞肺癌化療療效的敏感性和特異性的關(guān)系,以及與非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者無(wú)病生存期的關(guān)系。
1 資料與方法
1.1 臨床資料
選擇2008年1月~2012年12月由我院經(jīng)治的非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者62例。患者均經(jīng)過(guò)術(shù)前纖維支氣管鏡或穿刺活檢病理確診為非小細(xì)胞肺癌。ECOG(Eastern cooperative oncology group)分期在0~2。生存期預(yù)計(jì)均超過(guò)3個(gè)月以上。心肺功能檢查及肝腎功能檢查提示可耐受化療?;?周期前后均經(jīng)過(guò)胸部增強(qiáng)CT了解肺部腫塊大小。治療包括培美曲賽(通用名:培美曲塞二鈉,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20080230,生產(chǎn)單位:德州德藥制藥有限公司,生產(chǎn)日期:2007.12~2012.12)聯(lián)合順鉑(通用名:順鉑,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H37021356,生產(chǎn)單位:齊魯制藥廠,生產(chǎn)日期:2007.12~2012.12)方案,以及易瑞沙(通用名:吉非替尼片,生產(chǎn)廠家:Astra Zeneca UK Limited,注冊(cè)證號(hào)H20090759,生產(chǎn)日期:2007.11~2012.12)靶向治療方案。根據(jù)2002年AJCC/UICC肺癌第6版TNM分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行臨床分期。見表1。
1.2 治療方法
培美曲賽500 mg/m2聯(lián)合順鉑75 mg/m2。兩藥均于化療周期第1天滴注,每3周重復(fù)1次,共2個(gè)周期。易瑞沙250 mg口服,每日1次,連續(xù)2周為1個(gè)周期,連續(xù)2個(gè)周期,患者如出現(xiàn)胃腸道反應(yīng)或骨髓抑制均給予對(duì)癥處理,如出現(xiàn)Ⅲ度和/或Ⅳ度反應(yīng)可減量或停藥。末次化療后2周復(fù)查胸部增強(qiáng)CT及NSE測(cè)定。NSE結(jié)果:化療前1天以及化療2周期完成后第1天抽取外周血化驗(yàn)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件SPSS17.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,NSE升降與非小細(xì)胞肺癌化療療效比較使用Kaplan-Meier 和Log-rank檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1 NSE水平與易瑞沙靶向治療預(yù)后的關(guān)系
盡管本研究中只有14例患者接受了易瑞沙治療,但是NSE下降≥16%患者治療的總反應(yīng)率達(dá)到100%,然而NSE下降水平低于16%患者治療的總反應(yīng)率為0,病情穩(wěn)定率達(dá)到64%,病情進(jìn)展達(dá)到34%。
2.2 NSE下降≥16%及下降<16%PFS、OS平均值
依據(jù)RECIST標(biāo)準(zhǔn),NSE下降幅度≥16%患者的無(wú)進(jìn)展生存期(PFS)的均值為(19.115±2.31)個(gè)月(95%CI 14.587~23.643), NSE下降幅度<16%的患者的PFS的均值為(8.563±1.488)個(gè)月(95%CI 5.646~11.479)。比較NSE下降幅度≥16%患者的PFS與NSE下降幅度<16%的患者的PFS,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)(見表2)。NSE下降幅度大者顯示長(zhǎng)PFS。
NSE下降幅度≥16%患者的總生存期(OS)均值為(23.045±1.556)個(gè)月(95%CI 19.996~26.049), NSE下降幅度<16%的患者的OS的均值為(17.031±0.950)個(gè)月(95%CI 15.170~18.893), 兩組比較在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上無(wú)明顯差異(P>0.05)(見表2),由此得出,NSE下降幅度大小與患者的總生存期(OS)無(wú)關(guān)。
表2 NSE下降≥16%及下降<16%PFS、OS平均值(x±s)
2.3 Kaplan- Meier分析得出 PFS與NSE下降幅度≥16%及NSE下降幅度<16%關(guān)系
經(jīng)Kaplan- Meier分析,PFS和OS與NSE下降幅度≥16%及NSE下降幅度<16%關(guān)系,見圖1、圖2。
圖1 Kaplan- Meier分析得出 PFS與NSE下降幅度≥16%及NSE下降幅度<16%關(guān)系(P<0.001)
圖2 Kaplan- Meier分析得出 OS與NSE下降幅度≥16%及NSE下降幅度<16%關(guān)系(P>0.05)
3 討論
近年來(lái),肺癌是全世界范圍內(nèi)發(fā)病率最高死亡率增長(zhǎng)最快并且預(yù)后最差的惡性腫瘤之一。其中85%是屬于非小細(xì)胞肺癌,整體預(yù)后差,由于它易局部復(fù)發(fā)和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,其5年生存率低于15%[10,11]。對(duì)于Ⅱ期和Ⅲa期非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者給予化療可以減少可能已發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的微小轉(zhuǎn)移灶,同時(shí)對(duì)原發(fā)灶也有抑制生長(zhǎng)的作用。PARAMOUNT研究表明,培美曲塞聯(lián)合順鉑可以使局部進(jìn)展非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者臨床受益,生存時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)、副反應(yīng)小、臨床耐受力好。本研究收集了臨床分期Ⅱ期~Ⅲa期非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者,所有62例患者均完成了2個(gè)周期化療或易瑞沙靶向治療,所有患者均未發(fā)生嚴(yán)重化療不良藥物毒性反應(yīng)。因此,如果可以篩選適合或監(jiān)測(cè)非小細(xì)胞肺癌化療人群的相關(guān)敏感腫瘤標(biāo)志物,并以此來(lái)協(xié)助指導(dǎo)臨床治療,不但可以為廣大的非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者帶來(lái)福音,同時(shí)也能幫助和指導(dǎo)更多的腫瘤科研工作者以及腫瘤臨床醫(yī)生在非小細(xì)胞肺癌領(lǐng)域取得更多的成績(jī)。
本研究主要回顧NSE,一種神經(jīng)元特異性烯醇化酶與非小細(xì)胞肺癌化療的關(guān)系的研究。NSE不但在非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者中表達(dá)會(huì)有不同程度的升高,而且,在其他惡性腫瘤如神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤、甲狀腺髓質(zhì)癌和小細(xì)胞肺癌中亦有升高。NSE已經(jīng)在臨床上被用于鑒別診斷惡性腫瘤、病情監(jiān)測(cè)、療效評(píng)價(jià)和復(fù)發(fā)預(yù)報(bào)[12-14]。但對(duì)于NSE與非小細(xì)胞肺癌化療的關(guān)系目前仍然缺乏大量的研究。Pujol及Jacot等曾經(jīng)指出[15,16],NSE與非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后以及總生存期有關(guān),但本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),NSE降低僅僅與非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者無(wú)病進(jìn)展期有關(guān),而與非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者的總生存期無(wú)關(guān)。分析原因可能與人群差異有關(guān),亞洲人與歐美人存在種族差異,亦有可能該結(jié)果是受限于本研究總樣本數(shù)量相對(duì)小,增大樣本也許會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)結(jié)果。因此該研究可以進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大樣本并做統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。另外,本研究結(jié)果證實(shí),非小細(xì)胞肺癌接受2周期化療或靶向治療后,NSE下降幅度超過(guò)16%組較下降幅度不超過(guò)16%組無(wú)病生存期明顯延長(zhǎng),且差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
總之,NSE是一個(gè)良好的敏感而且特異的可作為預(yù)測(cè)非小細(xì)胞肺癌化療及靶向治療療效的指標(biāo)。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
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[5] Gridelli C,Rossi A,Di Maio M ,et al. Rationale and design of MILES-3 and MILES-4 studies:Two randomized phase 3 trials comparing single-agent chemotherapy versus cisplatin-based doublets in elderly patients with advanced non-small-Cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Lung Cancer,2014,15(2):166-170.
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[7] Yu D,Du K,Liu T,et al. Prognostic value of tumor markers,NSE,CA125 and SCC in operable NSCLC patients[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2013,14(6):11145-11156.
[8] Wang Y, Tang D, Sui A, et al. Prognostic significance of NSE mRNA in advanced NSCLC treated with gefitinib[J]. Clin Transl Oncol,2013,15(5):384-390.
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(收稿日期:2014-01-15)
總之,NSE是一個(gè)良好的敏感而且特異的可作為預(yù)測(cè)非小細(xì)胞肺癌化療及靶向治療療效的指標(biāo)。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Siegel R,Naishadham D,Jemal A,et al. Cancer statistics[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2012,62(1):10-29.
[2] Jemal A,Bray F,Center MM,et al. Global cancer statistics[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2011,61(2):69-90.
[3] Oak CH,Wilson D,Lee HJ,et al. Potential molecular approaches for the early diagnosis of lung cancer(review)[J]. Mol Med Rep,2012,6(5): 931-936.
[4] National Lung Screening Trial Research Team,Aberle DR,Adams AM,et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening[J]. N Engl J Med,2011,365(5):395-409.
[5] Gridelli C,Rossi A,Di Maio M ,et al. Rationale and design of MILES-3 and MILES-4 studies:Two randomized phase 3 trials comparing single-agent chemotherapy versus cisplatin-based doublets in elderly patients with advanced non-small-Cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Lung Cancer,2014,15(2):166-170.
[6] Kawano Y,Ohyanagi F,Yanagitani N,et al. Pemetrexed and cisplatin for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in Japanese patients:phase II study[J]. Anticancer Res,2013,33(8):3327-3333.
[7] Yu D,Du K,Liu T,et al. Prognostic value of tumor markers,NSE,CA125 and SCC in operable NSCLC patients[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2013,14(6):11145-11156.
[8] Wang Y, Tang D, Sui A, et al. Prognostic significance of NSE mRNA in advanced NSCLC treated with gefitinib[J]. Clin Transl Oncol,2013,15(5):384-390.
[9] Petrovic M,Baskic D,Bankovic D,et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation as an indicator of chemosensitivity and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Biomarkers,2011,16(4): 311-320.
[10] Jemal A,Siegel R,Xu J,et al. Cancer statistics,2010[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2010,60(5): 277-300.
[11] Yu Y,Chen Z,Dong J,et al. Folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells as a novel diagnostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Translational Oncology,2013,6(6):697-702.
[12] Wang P,Piao Y,Zhang X,et al. The concentration of CYFRA 21-1,NSE and CEA in cerebro-spinal fluid can be useful indicators for diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis of lung cancer[J]. Cancer Biomark,2013,13(2):123-130.
[13] Sitthinamsuwan P,Angkathunyakul N,Chuangsuwanich T,et al. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the uterine cervix:A clinicopathological study[J]. J Med Assoc Thai,2013, 96(1): 83-90.
[14] Franjevi A,Pavi evi R,Bubanovi G. Differences in initial NSE levels in malignant and benign diseases of the thoracic wall[J]. Clin Lab,2012,58(3-4):245-252.
[15] Pujol JL,Boher JM,Grenier,et al. Cyfra21-1,neuron specific enolase and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer:Prospective study in 621 patients[J]. Ling Cancer,2001,31(2-3):221-231.
[16] Jacot W,Quantin X,Boher JM,et al. Association dEnseignement et de Recherche des Internes en Oncologie,Brain metastases at the time of presentation of non-small cell lung cancer: A multi-centric AERIO analysis of prognostic factors[J]. Br J Cancer,2001,84(7):903-909.
(收稿日期:2014-01-15)
總之,NSE是一個(gè)良好的敏感而且特異的可作為預(yù)測(cè)非小細(xì)胞肺癌化療及靶向治療療效的指標(biāo)。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
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[7] Yu D,Du K,Liu T,et al. Prognostic value of tumor markers,NSE,CA125 and SCC in operable NSCLC patients[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2013,14(6):11145-11156.
[8] Wang Y, Tang D, Sui A, et al. Prognostic significance of NSE mRNA in advanced NSCLC treated with gefitinib[J]. Clin Transl Oncol,2013,15(5):384-390.
[9] Petrovic M,Baskic D,Bankovic D,et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation as an indicator of chemosensitivity and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Biomarkers,2011,16(4): 311-320.
[10] Jemal A,Siegel R,Xu J,et al. Cancer statistics,2010[J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2010,60(5): 277-300.
[11] Yu Y,Chen Z,Dong J,et al. Folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells as a novel diagnostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Translational Oncology,2013,6(6):697-702.
[12] Wang P,Piao Y,Zhang X,et al. The concentration of CYFRA 21-1,NSE and CEA in cerebro-spinal fluid can be useful indicators for diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis of lung cancer[J]. Cancer Biomark,2013,13(2):123-130.
[13] Sitthinamsuwan P,Angkathunyakul N,Chuangsuwanich T,et al. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the uterine cervix:A clinicopathological study[J]. J Med Assoc Thai,2013, 96(1): 83-90.
[14] Franjevi A,Pavi evi R,Bubanovi G. Differences in initial NSE levels in malignant and benign diseases of the thoracic wall[J]. Clin Lab,2012,58(3-4):245-252.
[15] Pujol JL,Boher JM,Grenier,et al. Cyfra21-1,neuron specific enolase and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer:Prospective study in 621 patients[J]. Ling Cancer,2001,31(2-3):221-231.
[16] Jacot W,Quantin X,Boher JM,et al. Association dEnseignement et de Recherche des Internes en Oncologie,Brain metastases at the time of presentation of non-small cell lung cancer: A multi-centric AERIO analysis of prognostic factors[J]. Br J Cancer,2001,84(7):903-909.
(收稿日期:2014-01-15)