摘要:目的 觀察分析內(nèi)鏡下結(jié)腸息肉切除術(shù)的臨床療效及安全性。方法 選取460例結(jié)腸息肉患者行內(nèi)鏡下結(jié)腸息肉切除術(shù),其中265例患者行高頻電凝灼除,195例患者行圈套切除。結(jié)果 術(shù)中、術(shù)后均未發(fā)生腸穿孔、灼傷、大出血等并發(fā)癥,切除率100%。對(duì)763枚息肉標(biāo)本行病理檢查結(jié)果:增生性息肉206枚,占27%;管狀腺瘤213枚,占27.92%;炎性息肉153枚,占20.05%;絨毛狀腺瘤77枚,占10.09%;混合性腺瘤114枚,占41.94%。腺瘤性息肉共計(jì)404枚,占52.95%。結(jié)論 內(nèi)鏡結(jié)腸息肉切除術(shù)療效好、安全可靠、并發(fā)癥少,可作為臨床治療結(jié)腸息肉的首選方法。
關(guān)鍵詞:內(nèi)鏡;結(jié)腸息肉;臨床療效;安全性
Clinical Effects and Safety Analysis of 460 Cases of Colon Polyps Treated by Endoscopic Resection
HE Li,XU Xiao-hui,QIAO Li-juan
(Department of Gastroenterology,Chengdu Military General Hospital,Chengdu 710083,Sichuan,China)
Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical effects and safety of colon polyps by endoscopic resection. Methods 460 cases of colon polyps were chosen to treat by endoscopic resection. 265 cases were treated by high frequency electric coagulation electrocision. 195 cases were treated by endoscopic trepanned resection. Results Complication such as enterobrosis, ambustion, hemorrhoea didn't happen during the surgery and after the surgery. The resection rate was 100%. 763 pieces of polyp specimens were detected by pathological examination: hyperplastic polyp 206 pieces, 27%; tubular adenoma 213 pieces, 27.92%; inflammatory polyp 153 pieces, 20.05%; villous adenoma 77 pieces, 10.09%; mixed adenoma 114 pieces, 41.92%. There were 404 pieces of adenomatous polyp, 50.95%. Conclusion Endoscopic resection is an effective, safety treatment with little complication. It should be the first methods for colon polyps.
Key words:Endoscopic; Colon polyps; Clinical effects; Safety
結(jié)腸息肉是消化科常見(jiàn)病癥,臨床檢出率較高,其中依據(jù)病理分型的腺瘤性息肉被認(rèn)為與大腸癌的關(guān)系密切,公認(rèn)為大腸癌癌前病變,早期發(fā)現(xiàn)并通過(guò)手術(shù)切除結(jié)腸息肉,是預(yù)防大腸癌的有效手段[1]。以往結(jié)腸息肉的切除采用傳統(tǒng)外科手術(shù),隨著內(nèi)鏡技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,在內(nèi)鏡下治療結(jié)腸息肉以其有效性和安全性取得了臨床的廣泛認(rèn)可。選取我院近4年來(lái)通過(guò)內(nèi)鏡下息肉切除治療的部分患者,總結(jié)資料如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料 選取的460例患者中男性331例,女性129例,年齡22~81歲,平均年齡(43.8±7.4)歲。單發(fā)性息肉245例,多發(fā)性息肉215例,送檢息肉共計(jì)763枚,息肉直徑0.2~1.5 cm。
1.2方法 進(jìn)行腸鏡檢查的患者,術(shù)前應(yīng)常規(guī)進(jìn)行血常規(guī)、出凝血時(shí)間、心電圖等檢查,以了解患者的一般情況。術(shù)前應(yīng)給予口服洗腸藥進(jìn)行腸道清潔,至患者排便為清水即可行腸鏡檢查。術(shù)前30 min對(duì)于緊張焦慮患者可適當(dāng)給予鎮(zhèn)靜劑和胃腸道解痙劑。術(shù)中,根據(jù)結(jié)腸息肉的大小、形狀、基蒂類型等選擇不同的息肉切除方法,我院460例患者中,265例患者給予高頻電凝灼除,195例患者給予圈套切除,圈套切除后的創(chuàng)面用鈦夾封閉,并將切除的標(biāo)本送病理學(xué)檢查。術(shù)后囑患者臥床休息,并密切觀察患者有無(wú)腹疼、大便有無(wú)出血等表現(xiàn)。對(duì)一般手術(shù)后的患者給予禁食4~6 h,半流質(zhì)飲食7 d,1 w內(nèi)避免劇烈激活動(dòng)。有出血表現(xiàn)的患者給予內(nèi)科保守止血治療。
2結(jié)果
所有行腸道息肉切除的患者,術(shù)中、術(shù)后未發(fā)生腸穿孔、灼傷、大出血等并發(fā)癥,切除率達(dá)100%。對(duì)763枚息肉標(biāo)本行病理檢查結(jié)果:增生性息肉206枚,占27%;管狀腺瘤213枚,占27.92%;炎性息肉153枚,占20.05%;絨毛狀腺瘤77枚,占10.09%;混合性腺瘤114枚,占41.94%。腺瘤性息肉共計(jì)404枚,占52.95%。與部分文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的腺瘤性息肉達(dá)71.63%有一定差別[2]。
3討論
結(jié)腸息肉據(jù)病理分型可分為炎性息肉、腺瘤性息肉、增生性息肉等類型,其中腺瘤性息肉占大部分。結(jié)腸息肉可引起腹部不適、腹脹、腹痛、便秘、腹瀉等表現(xiàn),部分息肉還可引起出血,出現(xiàn)黑便、血便。腺瘤性息肉被認(rèn)為與結(jié)腸腺癌密切相關(guān),已公認(rèn)為大腸癌的癌前病變,因此及時(shí)正確治療結(jié)腸息肉是預(yù)防結(jié)腸癌的關(guān)鍵[3]。目前對(duì)于結(jié)腸息肉,一般一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)立即行內(nèi)鏡下切除。內(nèi)鏡下結(jié)腸息肉切除的主要并發(fā)癥包括出血、腸穿孔等,有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道出血發(fā)生率0.2%~0.3%,穿孔發(fā)生率0.5%~3%[4],本組患者均無(wú)穿孔、大出血等嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。為進(jìn)一步提高手術(shù)的成功率和安全性,減少手術(shù)并發(fā)癥,應(yīng)注意如下幾個(gè)方面:①術(shù)前仔細(xì)檢查,對(duì)于有凝血障礙和血壓過(guò)高的患者要慎作手術(shù)。②腸道準(zhǔn)備要充分,避免漏診。③操作醫(yī)師要熟練掌握內(nèi)鏡下切除息肉的技術(shù)。④對(duì)于老年多發(fā)性息肉患者,圈套摘除一次不應(yīng)超過(guò)5枚,中青年患者一次操作可適當(dāng)多摘除3~5枚。⑤對(duì)廣基扁平息肉,局部注射生理鹽水使黏膜下層與肌層分離,可使電凝時(shí)對(duì)肌層的損傷減少,降低腸穿孔的發(fā)生率。⑥術(shù)中注重觀察腸蠕動(dòng)情況,防止黏膜灼傷。采取先電凝后電切方式交替進(jìn)行。⑦術(shù)后密切觀察患者的腹部體征,并囑患者禁食4~6 h,半流質(zhì)飲食7 d,1 w內(nèi)避免劇烈激活動(dòng),如發(fā)現(xiàn)穿孔、大出血等并發(fā)癥可急診轉(zhuǎn)送外科手術(shù)治療,輕度出血可內(nèi)科保守治療。
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編輯/張燕