在英語語言中,任何一個(gè)詞或句子都可以作為展開聯(lián)想、引發(fā)思維的中心點(diǎn),任何一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)、語法現(xiàn)象都可以作為形成知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、完善學(xué)生能力的中心點(diǎn)。在教學(xué)中,教師如能不失時(shí)機(jī)地對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行點(diǎn)撥、引導(dǎo),積極為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造聯(lián)想和思維的條件,提供促使學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)思維的環(huán)境和空間,那么,學(xué)生就會(huì)在語言學(xué)習(xí)中獲得極強(qiáng)的推理、歸納、總結(jié)、舉一反三、觸類旁通的邏輯思維能力。
在教學(xué)中,特別是講授語法時(shí),我總是以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性思維和網(wǎng)絡(luò)思維為出發(fā)點(diǎn),精心設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。如在復(fù)習(xí)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)時(shí),我讓學(xué)生思考能用多少方法表達(dá)“李明是最高的”這一概念時(shí),學(xué)生總結(jié)出以下句式:
1.Li Ming is the tallest in his class.
2.Li Ming is taller than any other student in his class.
3.Li Ming is taller than the other students in his class.
4.Li Ming is taller than the others in his class.
5.Li Ming is taller than any of the other students in his class.
6.Li Ming is taller than any one else.
7.No one is as tall as Li Ming in his class.
當(dāng)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)有這么多的句子能表達(dá)同一基本意思時(shí),會(huì)清楚地意識(shí)到,一旦學(xué)會(huì)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)式的思維,就能感受到什么叫“條條大路通羅馬”。
再比如,在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),為啟發(fā)學(xué)生的網(wǎng)絡(luò)思維,我給出情景:They stopped talking. The teacher came in.我讓學(xué)生用時(shí)間狀語從句來連接上面的兩個(gè)句子,學(xué)生說出如下句子:
1.They stopped talking after the teacher came in.
2.They stopped talking when the teacher came in.
3.They didn’t stop talking before the teacher came in.
4.They didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.
5.As soon as the teacher came in, they stopped talking.
6.They were talking while the teacher was away.
通過一個(gè)情景,讓學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)了時(shí)間狀語從句,并有效地達(dá)到了以知識(shí)點(diǎn)為契機(jī),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生擴(kuò)散性和網(wǎng)絡(luò)式思維的能力。
又比如,復(fù)習(xí)條件狀語從句時(shí),我也采取以點(diǎn)帶面,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生全方位思維的辦法讓學(xué)生全面理解這一語法知識(shí)。我先給出一個(gè)句子,如“Work hard, and you’ll study well”。讓學(xué)生用其他方法來表達(dá)這個(gè)句子的含義,于是學(xué)生給出如下句子:
1.If you work hard, you’ll study well.
2.You won’t study well unless you work hard.
3.You must work hard or you won’t study well.
4.You have to work hard otherwise you won’t study well.
5.As long as you work hard, you will study well.
當(dāng)我提醒學(xué)生還有一種句式能表達(dá)這一概念時(shí),就是利用非謂語動(dòng)詞。學(xué)生會(huì)寫出:
6.Working hard you’ll study well.
這時(shí),我要學(xué)生比較work hard和working hard作為條件狀語從句的區(qū)別:
Work hard, and you’ll study well.(此句為and引導(dǎo)的簡(jiǎn)單并列句)
Working hard you’ll study well. (此句簡(jiǎn)單句,分詞短語作狀語)
這樣,在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)生整體思維、網(wǎng)絡(luò)思維的同時(shí),又通過比較的方式,幫助學(xué)生理清了學(xué)習(xí)思路,較好地解決了這個(gè)語法點(diǎn)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)問題。
語法教學(xué)的課堂應(yīng)當(dāng)采取“教師引導(dǎo)—學(xué)生操練、嘗試、總結(jié)—教師再歸納”的教學(xué)模式,也就是我們所提倡的“由實(shí)踐到認(rèn)識(shí),再由認(rèn)識(shí)到實(shí)踐”的學(xué)習(xí)過程。教師在教學(xué)中注重激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的思維模式,化繁為簡(jiǎn),化難為易,讓學(xué)生在直觀、生動(dòng)的語言環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的語法知識(shí),那么會(huì)使枯燥的語法學(xué)習(xí)其樂融融。
(作者單位 新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)烏魯木齊市第四中學(xué))
?誗編輯 劉青梅