摘 要:該文通過(guò)對(duì)IEC60335-2-9:2006和IEC60335-2-6:2008標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及國(guó)標(biāo)中的第21.1條款的比較,淺談對(duì)家用便攜式電磁灶機(jī)械強(qiáng)度測(cè)試方法的個(gè)人理解。
關(guān)鍵詞:家用便攜式電磁灶 GB4706.29-2008 機(jī)械強(qiáng)度
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TM7文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1674-098X(2013)04(c)-0245-02
自2010年2月1日起,對(duì)于便攜式電磁灶產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)正式開(kāi)始依據(jù)GB4706.29-2008《家用和類(lèi)似用途電器的安全 便攜式電磁灶的特殊要求》和GB4706.1-2005《家用和類(lèi)似用途電器的安全 第1部分:通用要求》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)其進(jìn)行強(qiáng)制性的認(rèn)證檢測(cè)工作。GB4706.29-2008是針對(duì)便攜式電磁灶適用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),它是參考了IEC60335-2-9和IEC60335-2-6中對(duì)于電磁灶頭的要求部分,并根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)的實(shí)際情況將其延展為獨(dú)立的一類(lèi)器具后形成的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對(duì)于駐立式電磁灶則按照GB4706.22的特殊要求進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。該文通過(guò)對(duì)比IEC60335-2-9以及IEC60335-2-6標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中相應(yīng)條款,結(jié)合實(shí)際測(cè)試試驗(yàn)中的做法,對(duì)GB4706.29-2008中的第21.1條機(jī)械強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)談一點(diǎn)個(gè)人的理解。
1 IEC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
IEC60335-2-9:2006中21.1條[1]:
21.1 Addition:
For appliances intended for outdoor use, the impact energy is increased to 0, 7 J.
If the appliance incorporates visibly glowing heating elements enclosed in glass tubes, the blows are applied to the tubes as mounted in the appliance if they are
located at the top of the oven and accessible to test probe 41 of IEC 61032;
located elsewhere in the oven and accessible to test probe B of IEC 61032.
For hotplates having surfaces of glass-ceramic or similar material, three blows are applied to parts of the surface that are not exposed to impacts during the test of 21.101, the impact energy being 0, 70 J ± 0, 05 J. The blows are not applied to surfaces within 20 mm of knobs.
NOTE 101 If the surface comprises a single piece of material, except for the outer frame, this test is not carried out.
僅針對(duì)電磁灶頭這部分來(lái)看,其意義應(yīng)為:對(duì)于玻璃、陶瓷或類(lèi)似材料制成的灶頭表面,對(duì)沒(méi)有暴露在21.101試驗(yàn)的表面部分施加3次沖擊,沖擊能量為0.70J±0.05J。該沖擊不施加在距按鈕20 mm的表面。注:如果灶頭表面除了外部框架外是由一整塊材料構(gòu)成的,則該測(cè)試不進(jìn)行。
. IEC60335-2-6:2008中21條[2]:
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows.
Addition:
If the appliance has glass doors, three blows are applied to the center of the glass, the door being in the closed position. If the blows are also applied to the inside of the door when it is in the open position.
The glass shall not fracture.
If the appliance incorporates visibly glowing heating elements enclosed in glass tube, the blows are applied to the tubes as mounted in the appliance if they are
located at the top of the oven and accessible to test probe 41 of IEC 61032;
located elsewhere in the oven and accessible to test probe B of IEC 61032.
For hob surfaces of glass -ceramic or similar material, three blows are applied to parts of the surfaces that are not exposed to impacts during the test of 21.102, the impact energy being increased to 0,70 J ± 0,05 J. The blows are not applied to surfaces within 20 mm of knobs.
NOTE 101 If the hob surface comprises a single piece of material, except for the outer frame, this test is not carried out.
NOTE 102 additional support is not provided for the door in the open position.
同樣,針對(duì)電磁灶頭部分,其意義為:對(duì)玻璃、陶瓷或類(lèi)似材料做的灶臺(tái)表面,三次沖擊施加于21.102試驗(yàn)期間沒(méi)有暴露出來(lái)經(jīng)受沖擊的表面部分,沖擊能量增加為0.70J±0.05J。該沖擊不加在距按鈕20m m內(nèi)的表面。
注1:如果灶臺(tái)表面做成除了外部框架以外的一整塊,則不進(jìn)行該試驗(yàn)。
2 國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB4706.29-2008
GB4706.29-2008《家用和類(lèi)似用途電器的安全 便攜式電磁灶的特殊要求》中的第21.1條[3]內(nèi)容為:
21.1 增加:
對(duì)于打算戶外使用的器具,沖擊能量增加到0.7J。
對(duì)于玻璃、陶瓷或類(lèi)似材料做成的電磁灶表面,如果未經(jīng)受21.101的試驗(yàn),則施加3次沖擊,沖擊能量為:0.70J±0.05J。該沖擊不施加在距按鈕20 mm內(nèi)的表面上。
注101:如果電磁灶表面做成除了外部框架以外的一整塊,則沖擊能量不必增加到0.7J。
注102:對(duì)帶有非平面灶面的器具,沖擊試驗(yàn)正在考慮中。
3 差異
對(duì)比IEC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和國(guó)標(biāo)可以看出,兩者在對(duì)于電磁灶表面的沖擊測(cè)試上存在一定的差異,主要為:
(1)IEC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求21.101試驗(yàn)的區(qū)域外的灶頭表面施加能量為0.70J士0.0 5J的沖擊;而國(guó)標(biāo)要求是電磁灶表面未經(jīng)受21.101試驗(yàn)的,施加3次能力為0.70J士0.0 5J的沖擊。
(2)IEC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求如果灶頭表面除外部框架外其余由一整塊材料構(gòu)成,則0.70J士0.0 5J的沖擊測(cè)試不進(jìn)行;而國(guó)標(biāo)要求是如果電磁灶表面做成了除外部框架以為的一整塊,則沖擊能量不必增加到0.7 J。那么對(duì)于國(guó)標(biāo)的理解即為:該沖擊測(cè)試還是需要進(jìn)行,只是能量不必增加到0.7 J,保持為GB4706.1通用要求中的0.5 J。
如圖1所示的電磁灶,其表面為一整塊微晶面板,在實(shí)際認(rèn)證測(cè)試過(guò)程中,若按照IEC60335-2-6或者IEC60335-2-9標(biāo)準(zhǔn),只需要進(jìn)行21.101條的在加熱區(qū)域內(nèi)的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度測(cè)試,面板上按鍵表面20 mm外的區(qū)域不用進(jìn)行0.70J士0.05J的沖擊試驗(yàn)。若按照GB4706.29標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)試,除中間圓形加熱區(qū)域經(jīng)受21.101條試驗(yàn)外,面板上按鍵表面20 mm外的區(qū)域還要進(jìn)行沖擊試驗(yàn),只是沖擊能量不必增加到0.7 J,用GB4706.1中規(guī)定的0.5 J。
4 結(jié)語(yǔ)
家用電器的安全測(cè)試出發(fā)點(diǎn)是考慮并模仿消費(fèi)者實(shí)際該產(chǎn)品時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)的各種操作時(shí)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)危及安全有重大影響,所以本人認(rèn)為當(dāng)電磁灶的面板由一整塊材構(gòu)成,其面板加熱區(qū)域經(jīng)受了21.101條的沖擊試驗(yàn)后,面板上的其他區(qū)域則沒(méi)必要再用0.5 J的能量進(jìn)行沖擊測(cè)試了。這也與IEC的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求相一致。
隨著家用電器行業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展,國(guó)際電工委員會(huì)對(duì)IEC60335系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在不斷的修訂和完善。同時(shí)我國(guó)為使家用電器的安全水平與國(guó)際水平接軌,等同采用了國(guó)際安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但我國(guó)由于起步較晚,在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定和產(chǎn)品檢測(cè)方面可能仍然不乏困難,這也需要我們相關(guān)人員更加努力的探索和研究!
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]IEC60335-2-9:2006 Household and similar electrical appliances safety-particular requirements for grills, toasters and similar portable cooking appliances.
[2]IEC60335-2-6:2008.Household and similar electrical appliances safety-particular requirements for stationary cooking ranges, hobs,ovens and similar appliances.
[3]GB4706.29-2008家用和類(lèi)似用途電器的安全 便攜式電磁灶的特殊要求.