破解時態(tài)、語態(tài)的兩大切入點

王淑云

“時態(tài)”、“語態(tài)”的考察在高考試題中無論是單選、完形填空、翻譯、改錯、單詞拼寫，還是在寫作中都是“重頭戲”。但是不像漢語不用變化謂語而直接用時間狀語體現(xiàn)時間或主謂賓關(guān)系，英語是不斷變化謂語形式來體現(xiàn)時間概念及謂語與主語的關(guān)系，因此很多學(xué)生“談時態(tài)、語態(tài)色變”，根據(jù)高考命題特點，我們可以從以下兩點找到破解它的突破口。

一、掌握主從句時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)、并列句時態(tài)的暗示、固定句型中時態(tài)的固定用法。

（1）Close the door of fear behind you， and you _____ the door of faith open before you .（2012年 湖南）

A. saw B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see

（2）Excuse me. I ____ I was blocking your way.

A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realize

D. wasnt realizing （2010年全國）

（3）The play had already been on for quite some time when we

at the New Theater.（2007年 浙江）

A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. arrive

（4）The letters for the boss_____ on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later .（2012天津）

A. were put B. has put C. was put D. put

（5）Send my regards to your lovely wife when you home.

A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write

（6）I along the street looking for a place to park when the

accident .

A. went； was occurring B. went； occurred

C. was going； occurred D. was going； had occurred

（7）By the time Jane gets home， her aunt for London to attend a meeting .

A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left

（8）Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she .

A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing

Keys： （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）A （5）D （6）C （7）C （8）C

【解析】（1）固定句型：祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陳述句（將來時態(tài)）。（2） ）根據(jù)從句I was blocking your way 可知主句應(yīng)為一般過去時態(tài)（3）由主句had already been 可推出從句是過去 時態(tài)。（4根據(jù)語境及but分句的時態(tài)可知前半句應(yīng)該用過去時態(tài)。（5）由when， as soon as， if等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，應(yīng)用一般時態(tài)來表達(dá)將來概念。（6）用連詞when引導(dǎo)的并列分句，第一分句常用進(jìn)行時態(tài)或be about to do（將來時態(tài)），第二分句常用一般時態(tài)表達(dá)。（7）by+時間狀語（從句），句子或主句用完成時態(tài)，而by引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般時態(tài)表達(dá)將來動作。（8）主句如果是過去時態(tài)，賓語從句一定是過去時間范疇（除非是客觀真理），可以排除答案A和D，再根據(jù)語境可知表示那時正在做的事。

英語句子中有很多固定結(jié)構(gòu)，時態(tài)也有固定套路或原則，掌握這些用法，也是破解時態(tài)語態(tài)題的關(guān)鍵所在。

【即興練筆】

（9）——Hurry up！ Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.

——Oh！ I thought they without me.（2007年 江西）

A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone

（10）It long before we the result of the experiment. （2010年 上海春）

A. will not be； will know B. is； will know

C. will not be； know D. is； know

（11）This is the first time we ______ a film in the cinema together as a family. （2009 陜西）

A .see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen

（12）Come and see me whenever .

A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient

C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you

Keys： （9） D （10） C （11） D （12） C

二、吃透各種將來時態(tài)表示法的異同之處

（1）—I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.

—I know. By next month， he_____ enough for a used one.

A . will have saved B. will be saving C. has saved D. saves （2012 上海）

（2） “The moment ______ soon ，” he thought to himself ， waiting nervously . （2012 湖南）

A. came B. has come C. was coming D. is coming

（3）In a room above the store， where a party ， some workers were busily setting the table.（2006年 湖南）

A. was to be held B. had been held

C. will be held D. is being held

（4）Look at the timetable. Hurry up！ Flight 4026 off at 18：20.（2006年 四川）

A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken（

（5）——Did you tell Julia about the results？

——Oh， no， I forgot. I here now. （2005年 全國Ⅱ）

A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call

Keys： （1）A （2）D（3）A （4）A （5）B

（陜西省洋縣中學(xué)）