面對中考講解賓語從句必不可少的教學步驟
2012-12-31 00:00:00姬雪暉
學園 2012年10期
一 引導學生從最基礎的句式結構講起
教師應該引領學生從最基礎的句式結構講起，這樣才能令學生更好更系統(tǒng)地掌握英語中的賓語從句。
第一，給出下列例句，提問畫線部分在句中充當的成分。
Do you know him? （代詞him可以作賓語）
Do you know the city?（名詞city可以作賓語）
Do you know where he is?（句子where it is可以作賓語）
再如：Can you guess how old he is?
She says she is from the US.
I don’t know whose the T-shirt is.
第二，引出賓語從句的概念，讓學生答出賓語從句的結構：疑問詞＋主語＋其他部分。
第三，讓學生練習尋找“主語”：
Who do you like best?（主語：you）
Who likes you best ?（主語：who，同時也是疑問詞）
What can the children see?（主語：the children）
What is under the bed?（主語：what，同時也是疑問詞）
讓學生圈出下列句中的主語：
How old is he?/ How much are the clothes?/ What time is it?/ What’s the time?/ What day is today?/ Who is the man?/ What’s in the box？
繼而呈現以下內容：
例1：普通疑問句：Where is Mary?（疑問詞作主語）
賓語從句中的疑問句：I don’t know where Mary is.（疑問詞做主語）
布置練習：
（1）I really don’t know .
A．how old he is B．how old is he
（2）Can you think ?
A．why her teacher is sad B．why is her teacher sad
（3）I don’t know .
A．what day is today B．what day today is
（4）Can you tell us ?
A．what the time is B．what is the time
二 引導學生注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)問題
首先，展示多選例題。
例2：She says Bill Gates .
A．will come tomorrow B．is coming tomorrow
C．came yesterday. D．comes every day
E．was playing computer at 9：00 F. has come
分析：學生很容易選D，他們認為，凡是賓語從句前后時態(tài)都必須一致。但是，正確答案應為ABCDEF。
其次，介紹重要概念。即：當賓語從句的主句是一般現在時的時候，從句可能出現任何時態(tài)。給出主句是一般過去時的賓語從句，讓學生回答。例如：
（1）She said she her grandparents every Sunday.
A．saw B．sees
（2）She said she for Japan by air the next day.
A．will leave B．would leave
（3）A：——Your mother is waiting for you.
B：——I beg your pardon?
A：——I said your mother for you .
A．is waiting B．was waiting
（4）Mr Baker didn’t tell us if he come .
A．could B．can
最后，總結概念。當主句是過去時，從句變?yōu)橄鄳倪^去時態(tài)。
三 給出特例
盡人皆知的普遍現象、自然規(guī)律和客觀真理，永遠用一般現在時。
When I was a child I knew that the sun in the east.
A．comes B．came
My teacher said China in the east of Asia.
A．is B．was
Tom told us sheep grass.
A．ate B．eat
The teacher told us there seven days in a week.
A．were B．are
She told us light faster than sound .
A．went B．goes
四 呈現綜合試題，檢驗學習效果
試題1：She didn’t tell us .
A．what does she do B．what she does
C．what did she do D．what she did
試題2：Sarah asked us .
A．what day is today B．what day was today
C．what day was today D．what day today was
試題3：He didn’t tell us .——Oh，I know. He is reporter.
A．what did he do B．what he did
C．what does he do D．what he does
試題4：What did Mike say? He said .
A．if you are free the next week
B．what colour was it
C．the weather is fine
D．summer comes after spring
試題5：My friend wanted to know with his new cat.
A．what wrong is B．what is wrong
C．what wrong was D．what was wrong
關于確定疑問詞的賓語從句試題：
He asked me I was interested in music .
A．if B．/ C．that D．which
學生很容易選成C，that，認為that可以連接從句。如果把that放到句中讀一讀會發(fā)現根本不是“ask me”的內容，
因此不通順，屬于病句。答案：if（是否）
改錯：——Could you tell me who the girl is？
——She is a doctor .
學生會看出問句中的who出現了問題，因為答語：She is a doctor. 是回答職業(yè)，因此問句中疑問詞不是who，而應為what這一點，許多同學會因為受漢語影響而答錯。
五 結束語
綜上所述，賓語從句是中考考查的重點也是難點，掌握好賓語從句的重要性不言而喻。教師在引導學生時，應該從簡單句式入手，幫他們總結、歸納，分析句子結構，讓學生做到考慮周全、不盲目下筆，從而答好關于賓語從句的各種試題。
〔責任編輯：陳晨〕
