【摘 要】英語試題中的完形填空題集語法、詞法、句法于一體,是考查語言綜合運(yùn)用能力的一道題。因而在教學(xué)中,完形填空能力的培養(yǎng)和教學(xué)是高中英語教學(xué)的重要組成部分,本文以本人在教學(xué)中的實(shí)際操作方法為例,結(jié)合練習(xí),說說如何提高學(xué)生的解答完形填空的能力。
【關(guān)鍵詞】完形填空;限時(shí)訓(xùn)練;運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)方法;反思
教學(xué)實(shí)踐中,我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生們?cè)谌绾巫龊猛晷翁羁丈洗嬖谳^大誤解,大多數(shù)學(xué)生認(rèn)為,只要每天堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練一篇,做完后對(duì)照答案看看自己對(duì)了多少個(gè)就夠了,其實(shí)對(duì)完形填空的解答有很多技巧在里面
一、進(jìn)行限時(shí)訓(xùn)練
限時(shí)訓(xùn)練,顧名思義,就是在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)做完一篇完整的完形填空。高考考試說明對(duì)完形填空的解釋是:在一篇250詞左右的短文中留出20個(gè)空白,要求考生從所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整,答題時(shí)間為15分鐘左右。這在閱讀難度及速度上都對(duì)學(xué)生提出了較高要求,這也要求老師在課堂上要加強(qiáng)對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行解題速度的訓(xùn)練,限時(shí)訓(xùn)練可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的答題速度、思維速度、審題能力、應(yīng)試能力,有利于學(xué)生處理好速度與正確率的關(guān)系,防止解題時(shí)間過慢或過快。訓(xùn)練應(yīng)該當(dāng)場(chǎng)發(fā)題,規(guī)定學(xué)生在15分鐘左右限時(shí)完成,并當(dāng)堂講解,及時(shí)反饋,達(dá)到對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行規(guī)范化訓(xùn)練的目的。
二、答題時(shí)要熟練運(yùn)用以下方法
1.通讀全文,掌握大意再來答題
對(duì)完形填空的解答切忌孤立的處理一個(gè)又一個(gè)句子,應(yīng)該先瀏覽一遍文章,與此同時(shí)把有把握的先做好,在掌握文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上開始看第二遍,第二遍就要認(rèn)真細(xì)致的看題,聯(lián)系上下文爭(zhēng)取一次完成答題。
2.重視首句
一般來說,完形填空題的首句是不設(shè)空的,首句中包含了豐富的信息,如文章的背景,時(shí)間,甚至是文章的主旨都可能從此得到,而且可以據(jù)此推測(cè)大概的內(nèi)容。如果忽略了首句,則不易抓住文章的主題,從而無法理解下文的情節(jié)。
3.先易后難,注意前后照應(yīng)
完形填空題是考察學(xué)生對(duì)一個(gè)完整的語篇的理解,做題時(shí),不大可能一氣呵成,對(duì)于一時(shí)沒有把握的題目,要學(xué)會(huì)暫時(shí)“放棄”,這并不意味忽略此題,而是先繞過去做下面的題目,待處理完剩余的文章,或在處理過程中,就會(huì)通過相關(guān)信息確定難題的答案。
4.用情解題
近幾年高考完形填空所選文章多是記敘文或夾敘夾議文,內(nèi)容上越來越貼近高中生的認(rèn)知和情感。因此,學(xué)生做題時(shí)要讓自己身臨其境,設(shè)身處地的用人之常情感受文中人物的情感。
下面以本人在實(shí)際教學(xué)中所做的完形填空為例:
(一)The old woman was wandering in the shop. She was 1 ; her clothes were torn; she gave off a strong 2 of alcohol and cigarettes; most of her teeth were 3 The image of miserable person4 before me.
1. A. braveB. shy
C. attractive D. dirty
2. A. sense B. skill
C. smell D. message
3. A. staying B. missing
C. growing D. shaking
4. A. appeared B. fell
C. changed D. existed
(1)D由后文可推知,這個(gè)老婦女是個(gè)街頭行乞者,此處描述外表,身上是臟的。
(2)C由本空后alcohol and cigarettes可知,她身上散發(fā)出煙酒味。
(3)B由上文對(duì)她的衣著,氣味的描述可知此處指他的大部分牙齒掉了。
(4)A這一段的描寫可知,一個(gè)可憐形象的人物出現(xiàn)了。
(二)Tom got a nice 1 round his houe, he often works in it on Sundays, because he likes flowers. Last Sunday Tom began 2 in his garden after breakfast ,After a while he found something 3 on the ground near his feet.To his joy,it was a five pence.
1.A gardenB road
C groundD field
2.A diggingB looking
C walkingD reading
3.A runningB turning
C shiningD standing
(1)A 后文有flowers和garden做提示。
(2)A在花園里的動(dòng)作。
(3)C由后文five pence 可知。
(三)At the beginning of our next class, I asked 1 someone wanted to share his experience.A man raised his hand.
A thatB what
C ifDwhy
C后文有人舉手,說明空格處表示是否有人愿意分享經(jīng)歷。
(四)The next day,I was at my paraents’ house 1 the doorbell .It ws Dad who answered the door,I took one step in the door and said,“Dad,I just 2 to tell you yhat I love you.”
1.A knockingB applying
C fixingD ringing
2.A came outB came up
C came overD came across
(1)D ring the doorbell按門鈴。
(2)C“爸爸,我來告訴你我愛你。”come over過來
(五)Good teacher can always find a way to encourage their students to workhard. There was a 1 teacher,as well as some new pupils.One of the new kids was the most stupid child anyone had ever 2 .
1.AfunnyB new
C strangD good
2.A neededB liked
C chosenD seen
(1)B根據(jù)as well as some new pupils可知,老師也是新來的。
(2)D 形容學(xué)生的笨,是所有人見過的最笨的。
三、做后要及時(shí)反思
平時(shí)訓(xùn)練或考試的意義在于查漏補(bǔ)缺,所以解答文章后,分?jǐn)?shù)可以遺忘,但認(rèn)真細(xì)致的總結(jié)反思卻是不可忽略的。答題準(zhǔn)確率高低的背后,都有問題的暴露,必須立即總結(jié)反思,認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的不足,比如答題時(shí)忽略了上下文的一致性,沒有注意習(xí)慣用語、固定搭配,這都要求學(xué)生要采取措施,加強(qiáng)平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí),才有可能在下次的考試中做到更好。