從今天距一年一度的高考僅兩個(gè)多月的時(shí)間,考生已經(jīng)進(jìn)入倒計(jì)時(shí)的“臨戰(zhàn)”階段,此時(shí)高三的同學(xué)們有必要啟動(dòng)復(fù)習(xí)的“最優(yōu)化”方案。
所謂“最優(yōu)化”方案就是對(duì)于重點(diǎn)語言知識(shí)的梳理以及語言知識(shí)的運(yùn)用,在最后沖刺的復(fù)習(xí)過程中間,同學(xué)們要保持良好的心情,盡力完成以下幾個(gè)方面的任務(wù):
1. 重點(diǎn)知識(shí)梳理 重在運(yùn)用
應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)梳理的知識(shí)是:詞法:詞和詞組的辨析能力,語法:時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài);非謂語動(dòng)詞;情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;代詞等,句法:狀語從句;名詞性從句;定語從句等。梳理的目是要將其分類,梳理的途徑應(yīng)以歷年的高考題為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以時(shí)態(tài)為例,過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在及過去完成時(shí)等,還有分詞作狀語和定語等,但是,眾所周知,語言必須放在實(shí)際的并盡可能不同的情景中運(yùn)用,為了強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練力度,以下2組例題就是通過變化的語境來考查同學(xué)們的英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和語言的靈活運(yùn)用能力,應(yīng)該嘗試將時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài),句子結(jié)構(gòu)慣用法,詞匯等綜合起來,在具有交際意義的語境中理解和運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)。
e.g. —Are you still busy?
—Yes, I my work, and it won’t take long. (B)
—Are you still busy?
—No, I my work, and it didn’t take long. (C)
A. just finish B. am just finishing
C. have just finished D. am just going to finish
e.g. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, she was an only child. (C)
There has never been any time for Kate to feel lonely she was an only child. (A)
A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. as if
2. 解題策略反思 重在調(diào)整
同學(xué)們要把近兩個(gè)月作過的習(xí)題部分有重點(diǎn)地把失誤的典型題型,重新加以考慮和反思,分析失誤原因,糾正錯(cuò)誤,重新調(diào)整自己的解題策略。一般的失誤原因有:過于強(qiáng)調(diào)語言知識(shí),忽略了有效語境信息的應(yīng)用。
(1) 不良的閱讀習(xí)慣, 如:指讀,唇讀和回讀。
(2) 做完形填空和閱讀時(shí)不能對(duì)語篇建立整體理解的意識(shí),不擅于利用相關(guān)信息。
(3) 聽力前沒有充分的讀題。
(4) 寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成用英語思維和互動(dòng)交際表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。
(5) 閱讀選擇時(shí)易受到片面,局部或絕對(duì)化等的選項(xiàng)干擾。
3. 語言能力習(xí)得 重在文化
跨文化交際 (cross culture communication) 也是英語測(cè)試中不可忽略的內(nèi)容,它體現(xiàn)在語言測(cè)試的各個(gè)部分。
(1) 了解所學(xué)語言的重大節(jié)日。
(2) 了解西方寫作的特點(diǎn),對(duì)于閱讀理解的準(zhǔn)確性是十分必要的,它可以使我們?cè)陂喿x中適當(dāng)?shù)胤峙渥约旱淖⒁饬Γ?提高閱讀速度和效率。
(3) 熟悉英文交際, 克服母語干擾
e.g. —It’s been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much. (A)
— . (北京2002)
A. My pleasure B. I’m glad to hear that C. No, thanks D. It’s OK.
e.g. —I don’t have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me? (D)
— . (上海2000)
A. That’s fine B. Nothing serious C. Never mind D. No problem
(4) 了解目標(biāo)語國(guó)家的人文地理, 科技文化和教育體育等內(nèi)容。
(5) 從現(xiàn)在開始堅(jiān)持聽英美人士的對(duì)話或獨(dú)白,除了已有的聽力材料外,還可以聽BBC網(wǎng)站上的英語欄目,如Take away English等??记暗挠?xùn)練加熱身十分有益。
4. 掃蕩詞匯盲區(qū) 重在記憶
在最后的幾天內(nèi)同學(xué)們應(yīng)該參照“普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語詞匯表”,掃蕩自己詞匯盲區(qū), 特別是新增的詞匯,重在記憶。當(dāng)然了,高考中還會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些“熟詞”,這些詞會(huì)使同學(xué)們措手不及,這在考查同學(xué)們的語言運(yùn)用能力,一旦這種詞出現(xiàn),同學(xué)們一定要通過語境來理解它。
e.g. Seeing people off to the farthest possible point in China is a common practice for the Chinese.
e.g. The students are graded according to their performance.
另外,靈活地在不同的語境中正確使用詞匯詞組也是測(cè)試重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。
e.g. The murderer was of killing an old man and his daughter and would be sentenced to death. (C)
The murderer was with killing an old man and his daughter and would be sentenced to death. (B)
A. acquired B. charged C. accused D. punished
e.g. Possessing some sense of humor can be a(n) way to deal with some stressful situation. (A)
Possessing some sense of humor can be a(n) condition when interviewed for a job. (C)
A. effective B. efficientC. favorable D. favorite
5. 提高寫作水平 重在詞句
首先,同學(xué)們要認(rèn)真閱讀高考作文的幾段評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并與自己目前的寫作水平對(duì)號(hào)入座,找出差距,確立目標(biāo),也就是:優(yōu)秀作文=(審題+布篇)+高級(jí)詞匯+ 較復(fù)雜句型+與話題的交際互動(dòng)。
此外,書面表達(dá)要求考生在給出的特定情景下按照特定的要求進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)。這種形式可以考查出考生的書面表達(dá)水平,同時(shí)又能夠有效地保證評(píng)卷的客觀、準(zhǔn)確性。運(yùn)用外語是交際雙向的行為,應(yīng)該在接受后有所產(chǎn)生,理解后有所表達(dá),應(yīng)該充分體現(xiàn)出語言的互動(dòng)效應(yīng),應(yīng)該在重視培養(yǎng)接受能力的同時(shí)重視表達(dá)能力的培養(yǎng),適當(dāng)?shù)亓艚o學(xué)生利用情景進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的自我空間。
6. 撲捉語篇信息 重在理解
完形填空題是一些同學(xué)感覺比較困難的一個(gè)題型,做完形填空時(shí),掌握大量的動(dòng)詞短語,注意區(qū)分和辨析形容詞,副詞和名詞的用法。要注意反復(fù)研讀首句,把握文章主旨,合理利用首句進(jìn)行合理想象聯(lián)想,預(yù)測(cè)下文,并充分利用首句進(jìn)行推理,把握文章主旨大意,利用首句進(jìn)行設(shè)問,并善于發(fā)展思維,將每一個(gè)空與整個(gè)語篇內(nèi)容建立合理并整體語篇的思維何聯(lián)想。
7. 閱讀表達(dá)解題講究策略,注意內(nèi)容和形式
閱讀表達(dá)試題的特點(diǎn)是文章是由篇首段、主體段和結(jié)論段三部分組成。引言段揭示主題,正文部分對(duì)主題分點(diǎn)闡述,結(jié)論段對(duì)全文歸納總結(jié),捕捉或歸納具體信息要力求準(zhǔn)確,詞義解釋則要依照上下文的語境來決定;而開放性試題中的觀點(diǎn)要積極向上。以下文為例:
These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.
Green building means “reducing the impact(影響)of the building on the land”, Taryn Holowka of the U.S. Green Building Council in Washington, D.C. said.
According to Holowaka, building account for 65 percent of total U.S. electricity use. But green building can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, so that people can drive their cars less. That could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on developed land, so that the buildings don’t destroy forests.
Mary Dettling is project manager for a building that put these ideas into action. The Solaire has been called the country’s first green high-rise building. According to Dettling, “We’re reduced our energy use by one-third and our water by 50 percent”.
The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room. In addition, the building has lots of windows, allowing people to use the sun for light during the day. The Solaire cuts water using.
Not everyone is eager to move into a green building, however. Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Anyhow, Holowaka said, “It’s going to be big.”
1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.) ——概括段落要義或文章主旨
Green building helps save environment
2. What does a green building also refer to, besides the color of the paint? (Please answer within 15 words.) ——理解捕捉具體信息
A green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.
3. Please list three advantages of green buildings. ——具體信息歸納
Green buildings can reduce energy and water use.
Green buildings lead to less car driving, which is good for the environment.
Green buildings don’t destroy forests.
4. Anyhow, Holowaka said, “It’s going to be big.” What do you think the underlined word “big” here in the passage? ——詞義解釋
It means “popular”; “important” or “successful”.
5. Do you think a green building is better than a common building? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.) ——陳述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度
考試中的建議
1. 根據(jù)個(gè)人情況結(jié)合實(shí)際科學(xué)地分配各項(xiàng)解題時(shí)間。
2. 解題技巧及考場(chǎng)建議
(1) 單選
原則:認(rèn)真審題,讀題重理解,先語境,后語法,注意詞語辨析題和句法題。
范圍:時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語、句法、語及短語辨析、冠詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞(it的用法)交際、定語從句、名詞性從句。
(2) 完形
原則:先整體,后局部,注意前后句或相鄰句中的某些詞對(duì)選項(xiàng)的同義或反義的提示作用。
做到:通(整體)、達(dá)(意念)、順(語境)、準(zhǔn)(辨析)。
注意:第一句(提示人物/地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間等),解題時(shí)要前后呼應(yīng),最后一句(結(jié)論或結(jié)果的“曝光”處),解題時(shí)要關(guān)注語篇前后呼應(yīng)。
(3) 閱讀
a. 抓細(xì)節(jié) 一般每篇有2-3個(gè)
b. 主旨、話題 第1段中的某句
c. 結(jié)論、結(jié)果 最后一段中
d. 生詞或劃線詞 理解相鄰句
e. 廣告/說明文 閱讀
f. 抽象概念或難懂文要注意首末句。
g. 注意干擾因素:主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)、表示絕對(duì)語氣詞、似是而非的“原句”
h. 善于推斷和概括(最后一篇可能較難、注意首尾段落)
i. 識(shí)圖題 尊重原文、注意對(duì)比、利用常識(shí)
j. 計(jì)算題 理解
k. 科普 了解原理、目的、用途
l. 景物 人物描寫及比喻
(4) 改錯(cuò)
三大紀(jì)律
a. 先整體,再局部逐行進(jìn)行
b. 以句為單位(不要以行為單位)
c. 形式標(biāo)準(zhǔn),做完檢查
八項(xiàng)注意:關(guān)注名詞,動(dòng)詞,形容詞,冠詞,代詞,連詞,介詞,其他(其他指;主/被動(dòng)態(tài),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,固定搭配,數(shù)詞,中文干擾等。
(5) 作文
a. 審題、讀題,包括全部?jī)?nèi)容,如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物(關(guān)系)、數(shù)量、議論焦點(diǎn)。
b. 布篇
議論敘述書信
topicintroductiongreetings
details /factsdescriptiondetails
conclusionendingclosure
c. 詞/詞組以及過渡詞語使用要講究,注意與話題的互動(dòng)內(nèi)容,書寫工整。
d. 忌諱的錯(cuò)誤
·自編中文式短語 ·動(dòng)詞的形式
·名詞的單復(fù)數(shù) ·少/多冠詞
·形/副詞的形式 ·代詞混用
e. 寫作把握的正確句子,不要盲目模仿,首句要漂亮
f. 檢查(如改錯(cuò))
(6) 聽力
a. 準(zhǔn)備
·保持良好的心態(tài),確保聽力設(shè)備良好
·專心,集中精力
·耳機(jī)頻率準(zhǔn)確
b. 聽力前要特別注意讀題
·關(guān)鍵詞 ·注意人物社會(huì)關(guān)系
·計(jì)算(注意數(shù)字和時(shí)間) ·預(yù)測(cè)話題或情節(jié)
·注意語氣,善于概括和歸納 ·確認(rèn)情境
C. 邊聽邊記,以防信息缺失