第一單元
1. Geldof intended the concert to raise money for and public awareness of the famine. (L.7, P.2)
格爾多夫想通過(guò)音樂(lè)會(huì)為饑荒籌錢并提高公眾對(duì)饑荒的意識(shí)。
【點(diǎn)撥】 intend vt. 意為“想要;打算”,可以說(shuō)intend sb. to do sth., intend to do sth., intend doing sth.或intend that從句。如:
He intends his son to manage the company. 他打算讓他兒子經(jīng)營(yíng)該公司。
I intend to study abroad. 我打算出國(guó)留學(xué)。
I intend studying abroad. 我打算出國(guó)留學(xué)。
They intended that the plan should be put into practice within the year.
= They intended the plan to be put into practice within the year. 他們打算在本年度內(nèi)實(shí)行該計(jì)劃。
動(dòng)詞intend還常用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句中,常表示 (過(guò)去的) 本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種愿望或打算。如:
We had intended to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to. 我們本打算乘9:30的火車,但沒(méi)能趕上。
短語(yǔ)be intended for... 意為:“為……而準(zhǔn)備”。如:
This book is intended for children. 這本書是給小孩用的。
2. On top of this, according to the United Nations, hunger and malnutrition claim ten million lives every year. 此外,根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì),饑餓和營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良每年奪走一千萬(wàn)人的生命。
【點(diǎn)撥】 on top of...后常接this/ that,意為“除……之外還有;另外;此外” 主要用于表述另一個(gè)不好的情況或事實(shí)。
We missed the first bus, and on top of that, we had to wait for another two hours for the next one. 我們錯(cuò)過(guò)了頭班車,此外我們還必須再等兩個(gè)小時(shí)才能等到下一輛車。
He lost his job and on top of that he got ill. 他失業(yè)了,此外,他又生病了。
【真題回放】_________everything else, my cars been stolen.
A. As well as B. In addition
C. In response to D. On top of
【答案與解析】 D。句意為“我所有的東西都被盜了,連汽車也給偷走了?!眎n addition也指“此外”,但需要加介詞to。
3. It is without doubt an amazing achievement, but is it enough?毋庸置疑,這是驚人的成就,但是這就足夠了嗎?
【點(diǎn)撥】 doubt n. 懷疑,疑惑;no doubt 無(wú)疑, 很可能;without doubt相當(dāng)于beyond doubt毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地。
She is without doubt a great musician. 她無(wú)疑是一位偉大的音樂(lè)家。
He is without doubt the cleverest student Ive ever taught. 他確實(shí)是我所教過(guò)的學(xué)生中最聰明的。
【拓展】
1) doubt v. 懷疑
I dont doubt the truth of the news on seeing that. 看到那件事,我并沒(méi)有懷疑那條新聞的真實(shí)性。
2) 與doubt相關(guān)的句型:
I dont doubt that... 我不懷疑……
I doubt whether / if... 我懷疑是否……
I have no doubt that... 我不懷疑……
I have some doubt whether... 我懷疑是否……
There is no doubt that... 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……
I have no doubt that I have made a good decision. 我毫不懷疑我做了一個(gè)好的決定。
【真題回放】
There was no_________in her mind that Rick was innocent of Coughlins murder.
A. wonder B. need
C. point D. doubt
【答案與解析】 D。There is no wonder that... 意為“難怪……”。There is no doubt that... 意為“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……”;There is no need to do sth.沒(méi)有必要做某事;There is no point in doing sth.意為“做某事沒(méi)有意義”。
4. Clearly, development aid together with food aid is the longterm solution to the problem of poverty. 很顯然,發(fā)展援助和食品援助結(jié)合起來(lái)才是貧困問(wèn)題的長(zhǎng)期解決辦法。
【點(diǎn)撥】
together with和,加之。
He sent her some flowers together with a card.他送她一些花,還有一張賀卡。
【知識(shí)拓展】 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有由rather than, more than等引導(dǎo)的從屬結(jié)構(gòu),或跟有由as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式取決于主語(yǔ)的形式。
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 約翰,而不是他的室友們,應(yīng)該受到懲罰。
Billy, together with his sisters, was injured in the accident. 比利和他的姐妹一道在事故中受傷了。
No one except two girls was late for school. 除了兩個(gè)女生沒(méi)有人上學(xué)遲到。
【真題回放】 The teacher together with the students_________discussing Reading Skills that_________newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were
C. are; was D. is; was
【答案與解析】 D??疾橹髦^一致。A together with B作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與A的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致;第二空前的that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾Reading Skills,由于Reading Skills是書名,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
5. There are hundreds of success stories like these from all over the developing world, showing that a lot is being done to fight poverty, but we cannot pretend that the fight is over.在各處的發(fā)展中國(guó)家有數(shù)以百計(jì)的這樣成功的故事,表明人們正在做許多事情與貧困作斗爭(zhēng),但我們不能這樣佯稱斗爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)結(jié)束。
【點(diǎn)撥】 pretend v. 假裝,其后可接從句,也常接不定式的三種形式。
pretend to do/ be 假裝做 / 是……
pretend to be doing 假裝正在做……
pretend to have done 假裝已經(jīng)做了……
He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home. 他假裝病了以便能待在家里。
Im sorry, but I cant just pretend it hasnt happened. 我很抱歉,但我不能當(dāng)這件事沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)。
He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered. 老板進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)他假裝在看一份重要的文件。
【真題回放】 She pretended_________when the mother came in.
A. to read B. reading
C. to be reading D. to have read
【答案與解析】 C?!爱?dāng)母親進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)”為一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),在此時(shí)此刻,“她假裝正在讀書”,兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,因此使用不定式的進(jìn)行式。
第二單元
1. This group accounted for nearly 18 percent of the states population. 這群人大約占到該州人口的18%。
【點(diǎn)撥】 account v. 解釋;(數(shù)量上,比例)占
He could not account for his absence from school. 他無(wú)法說(shuō)清楚為什么曠課。
The Chinese market accounts for 35% of the companys revenue. 中國(guó)市場(chǎng)占這家公司收入的35%。
【拓展】 n. 帳,賬戶;描述,報(bào)告;解釋,說(shuō)明。
The accounts show we have spent more than we received. 賬目顯示我們已經(jīng)入不敷出了。
The policeman gave an account of the traffic accident. 警察敘述了交通事故的經(jīng)過(guò)。
John gave us a detailed account of his plan. 關(guān)于他的計(jì)劃,約翰給我們做了詳盡的說(shuō)明。
相關(guān)短語(yǔ):
open an account 開賬戶;on account of 由于;on no account 決不
take sth. into account = take account of 考慮
【真題回放】 Kelly gave me a vivid_________of her trip to Mount Tai after her return.
A. explanation B. account
C. imagination D. idea
【答案與解析】 B。explanation 解釋,說(shuō)明;imagination想象,空想;idea想法,主意。give a vivid account of做生動(dòng)的描述。句意為“凱莉回來(lái)后向我生動(dòng)地描述了她的泰山之旅。
2. Cities have theaters, museums and big sporting events, but small towns have none of these.城市里有戲院,博物館和大型的運(yùn)動(dòng)賽事,但小城鎮(zhèn)卻什么也沒(méi)有。
【點(diǎn)撥】 none pron. 沒(méi)有一個(gè),毫無(wú)
I wanted some more cold meat but there was none left. 我想再要些冷盤肉,可是一點(diǎn)也不剩了。
He had none of his brothers boldness. 他一點(diǎn)都不像他哥那樣有魄力。
None of the telephones are/ is working. 所有的電話都?jí)牧恕?/p>
【辨析】 none,no one/ nobody, nothing
none 可指人也可指物,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如和of連用且指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式;指可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。
no one / nobody 用來(lái)指人,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
nothing 常用來(lái)指物,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式
【注意】
1) none可與of連用,表示范圍,而no one / nobody以及nothing則不可以。
2) none可以用來(lái)回答How many / much...? 的特殊疑問(wèn)句,而no one / nobody及nothing則分別用來(lái)回答Who...? 和What...? 的特殊疑問(wèn)句。
3) none可用來(lái)回答含“any+名詞”的一般疑問(wèn)句。
—How many birds are there in the tree? ——樹上有多少只鳥?
—None. ——一只也沒(méi)有。
—What is in the box? ——盒子里面是什么?
—Nothing. ——什么也沒(méi)有。
—Who is in the classroom? ——誰(shuí)在班級(jí)里?
—No one. / Nobody. ——沒(méi)有人
—Is there any bread left? ——有剩余的面包嗎?
—No, not at all. ——不,一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有。
【真題回放】 Of all the books on the desk,_________is of any use for our safety.
A. nothing B. no one
C. neither D. none
【答案與解析】 D??疾榇~的用法。此處none意為“沒(méi)有一本書”,nothing什么都沒(méi)有,no one沒(méi)有一個(gè)人;neither兩者都不睡。
3. She realized that there are reasons for moving within a country other than those mentioned in the magazine article. 她認(rèn)為除了雜志文章中提到的一些原因外,還有其他的一些搬遷原因。
【點(diǎn)撥】 other than 除了,除……以外,還
I dont know my French people other than you. 除了你,我不認(rèn)識(shí)別的法國(guó)人。
We are going away in June but other than that well be here all summer. 我們打算六月份外出,除此之外,我們整個(gè)夏天都在這里。
I dont have time to read anything other than the newspaper. 除了報(bào)紙,我沒(méi)時(shí)間讀別的。
【拓展】
1) none other than不是別人,而是……
She is none other than my teacher. 她正是我的老師。
2) rather than而不是
Tom chose to quit rather than admit that hed made a mistake. 湯姆沒(méi)有承認(rèn)自己犯了錯(cuò)誤而是選擇了退出。
3) more than 不只是
He is more than my teacher. 他不只是我的老師。
【真題回放】 The form cannot be signed by anyone_________yourself.
A. rather than B. other than
C. more than D. better than
【答案與解析】 B。句意為“這張表格只能由你本人簽字”。rather than而不是;other than除了,相當(dāng)于but和except; more than不僅僅,不只是;better than比……好。
4. Not all paragraphs have a topic sentence. 并不是所有的段落都有中心句。
【點(diǎn)撥】 英語(yǔ)中的部分否定(即不完全否定)有如下一些表達(dá)方法:
1) all的否定式:not all...(或all...not),表示“并非……都……;不是所有的……都……
Not all men can be masters.= All men cannot be masters. 并非人人都能當(dāng)頭頭。
2) both的否定式:not...both(或both...not),表示“并非兩個(gè)……都……”。
I dont want both of the books. 我不是兩本書都要。
Both of the windows are not open. 兩扇窗子并非都是開著的。
3) every的否定式:not every(或every... not),表示“不是每……都……”。
Not every book is educative.
= Every book is not educative. 不是每本書都有教育意義。
4) always的否定意義為“并非總是/一直……”
He is not always so sad. 他并非一直這樣悲傷。
5) entirely, altogether, completely和quite的否定式意為“不完全……;并非完全……”
I dont agree completely. 我并不完全同意。
【拓展】 everyone,everywhere等有類似用法。
Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜歡這本書。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 這種花并不是隨處可見的。
(作者:劉小兵,海安縣實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué))