譯 / 朱紅梅
在宮崎駿創(chuàng)造的世界里,身體、河流、森林、國家以及其他一切事物都會發(fā)生變化,思想也一樣。巫師會變成猛禽;妙齡女郎一夜之間會變成90歲的老嫗;貪婪的父母會變成豬玀;流星會變成火魔。你可以稱之為魔法,你也可以稱之為藝術(shù)。但他也可能只是在以不動聲色的、動態(tài)的、令人欲罷不能的畫面來揭示“動畫”一詞的深層含義:說到底,“動畫”的意義不僅僅是要讓物品動起來,更為深刻的是,要賦予它們生命。
Hayao Miyazaki is regarded by many people as the world’s greatest maker of animated films. At the age of 71, with more than 20 features1) to his credit, Mr. Miyazaki has become a beacon for those who believe that animation has a special power to tell stories with universal appeal. “He celebrates the quiet moments,” said John Lasseter, the chief creative officer of Pixar and Disney Animation Studios, in enumerating2) traits that make Mr. Miyazaki “one of the most original” filmmakers ever.
Mr. Miyazaki’s work has often combined computer animation with traditional techniques and has provided inspiration for films like the Toy Story installments3), Cars and Up.
Mr. Miyazaki roots are in both manga4) and anime5) (comic books and animated films). Starting with his 1997 epic, Princess Mononoke, he has used computer-generated imagery in his movies.
The conscious sense of mystery is the core of Mr. Miyazaki’s art. Spend enough time in his world and you may find your perception of your own world refreshed, as it might be by a similarly intensive immersion in the oeuvre6) of Ansel Adams7), J. M. W. Turner8) or Monet9). After a while, certain vistas—a rolling meadow dappled with flowers and shadowed by high cumulus clouds, a range of rocky foothills rising toward snow-capped peaks, the fading light at the edge of a forest—deserve to be called Miyazakian.
So do certain stories, especially those involving a resourceful, serious girl contending with the machinations of wise old women and the sufferings of enigmatic young men. And so do certain themes: the catastrophic irrationality of war and other violence; the folly of disrespecting nature; the moral complications that arise from ordinary acts of selfishness, vanity and even kindness.
As a visual artist, Mr. Miyazaki is both an extravagant10) fantasist and an exacting naturalist; as a storyteller, he is an inventor of fables that seem at once utterly new and almost unspeakably ancient. Their strangeness comes equally from the freshness and novelty he brings to the crowded marketplace of juvenile11) fantasy and from an unnerving, uncanny sense of familiarity, as if he were resurrecting12) legends buried deep in the collective unconscious.
Mr. Miyazaki’s world is full of fantastical creatures—cute and fuzzy, icky and creepy, handsome and noble. There are lovable forest sprites, skittering dust balls, as well as talking cats, pigs and frogs. Howl’s Moving Castle, adapted from a novel by Diana Wynne Jones13), features a garrulous14) flame; Spirited Away had its melancholy, wordless no-face monster; Nausicaauml; of the Valley of the Wind, the director’s first masterpiece, was nearly overrun by enormous trilobite-shaped insects called Om.
Some of Mr. Miyazaki’s creations seem to have precedents and analogues in folklore, fantasy literature and other cartoons. The porcine15) title character in the 1992 film Porco Rosso, for example, is a dashing Italian pilot from the early days of aviation, and it is just conceivable that he might have a stuttering16) cousin somewhere on the Warner Brothers17) lot, looking for a pair of pants to match his blazer. But most members of Mr. Miyazaki’s ever-expanding menagerie18)—including Totoro, the slow-moving, pot-bellied19), vaguely feline20) character who has become the logo and mascot21) of his Studio Ghibli—come entirely from the filmmaker’s own prodigious imagination. Mr. Miyazaki was once asked where he thought his work fitted within the expanding universe of children’s pop culture. “The truth is I have watched almost none of it,” he said with a slightly weary smile. “The only images I watch regularly come from the weather report.”
The director, a compact, white-haired man whose demeanor combines gravity with a certain impishness22), was not just being flip23). It is hard to think of another filmmaker who is so passionately interested in weather. Violent storms, gentle breezes and sun-filled skies are vital, active elements, bearers of mood, emotion and meaning. His monsters and animals, who share the screen with more conventionally human-looking animated figures—adolescent girls with wind-tossed hair, short skirts and saucer eyes, mustachioed24) soldiers and wrinkled crones25)—are an integral part of Mr. Miyazaki’s landscape, but the most striking feature of his films may be the landscapes themselves.
The action in his movies takes place far from the cramped26) cities of modern Japan, and also from the futuristic metropolises that provide the dystopian backdrop of so much anime. His characters tend to live in hillside villages or in tidy, old-world towns where half-timbered houses huddle27) along cobblestone streets. As much as they can, in gliders, on broomsticks and under their own magical powers, these characters take to the sky; the evocation28) of flying, for metaphorical29) purposes and for the sheer visual fun of it, is one of Mr. Miyazaki’s favorite motifs. But one reason he ventures aloft may be to offer a better view of earth and water, which he renders with cinematic precision and painterly virtuosity.
Even though his frames evoke the careful brushwork and delicate emotions of Japanese landscape painting, Mr. Miyazaki is very much a product of postwar Japan, and he sits at the artistic and commercial pinnacle of his country’s churning30), eclectic31) visual culture. Though he has concentrated almost entirely on film, his earlier career includes television cartoons and manga. Animation, which arrived in Japan with the American occupying force, has since the war become at once the embodiment of the country’s antic modernity and also, in the hands of artists like Mr. Miyazaki, a vehicle for reimagining and preserving its history.
Mr. Miyazaki’s movies, whose settings variously evoke medieval Japan, 19th-century Europe and the antique futures of Jules Verne32) and H. G. Wells33), cast a sorrowful, sometimes scolding eye toward the present. The antiwar implications of Howl’s Moving Castle are as unmistakable as the ecological warnings in Nausicaauml; and Princess Mononoke, and in nearly every film, technological hubris34), political ambition and greed are the true roots of evil. His criticism of the modern world, though, seems less topical35) than philosophical; his movies do not represent a point of view, but rather present a way of seeing that is radically at odds36) with what usually meets the eye.
It can hardly be denied that they are marvels of escapist entertainment, but this is in no small part because they offer escape from the noise and aggression that dominate so much other modern entertainment. His power to enchant can seem unlimited—the wizards, witches and sorcerers who bedevil, beguile and befriend his heroes are less his alter egos37) than his kinfolk38)—but it arises from and communicates an equally powerful sense of disenchantment.
It is not that Mr. Miyazaki’s films are pessimistic, exactly; being fairy tales, they do arrive at happy endings. (“I’m not going to make movies that tell children, ‘You should despair and run away,’” he said.) But the route he chooses toward happiness can be troubling, perhaps especially to an American audience that expects sentimental affirmations based on clear demarcations between good and evil. The division of the world into heroes and villains is a habit Mr. Miyazaki regards with suspicion. “The concept of portraying evil and then destroying it—I know this is considered mainstream, but I think it’s rotten,” he said. “This idea that whenever something evil happens someone particular can be blamed and punished for it, in life and in politics, it’s hopeless.” Like the natural world, which follows its own laws and rhythms— “it does what the hell it pleases,” in Mr. Miyazaki’s words—human nature is not something that can easily be explained or judged.
In the Miyazakian cosmos, minds change, as do bodies, rivers, forests, nations and everything else. Wizards turn into birds of prey; young girls are transformed overnight into 90-year-old women; greedy parents are changed into pigs; shooting stars mutate into fire demons. You can call this magic, or you can call it art. But it may just be that he reveals, in his quiet, moving, haunted pictures, the hidden senses of the word “animation,” which after all means not only to set things in motion, but also, more profoundly, to bring them to life.
1.feature [#712;fi#720;t#643;#601;(r)] n. (電影的)正片,故事片
2.enumerate [#618;#712;nju#720;m#601;re#618;t] vt. 列舉
3.installment [#618;n#712;st#596;#720;lm#601;nt] n. (戲劇的)分本演出(或播送)
4.manga [#712;maelig;#331;ɡ#601;] n. 日本漫畫
5.anime [#712;aelig;n#618;me#618;] n. 日本動畫
6.oeuvre [#712;#604;#720;vr#601;] n. 藝術(shù)作品,全部作品
7.Ansel Adams:安塞爾·亞當斯(1902~1984),美國攝影師,環(huán)境保護論者
8.J. M. W. Turner:約瑟·馬洛德·威廉·特納(Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1775~1851),常簡稱J. M. W. 特納,19世紀英國最具代表性的風景畫家之一
9.Monet:克勞德·莫奈(Claude Monet,1840~1926),法國最重要的畫家之一,印象派的代表人物和創(chuàng)始人之一
10.extravagant [#618;k#712;straelig;v#601;ɡ#601;nt] adj. 恣意的,放肆的
11.juvenile [#712;d#658;u#720;v#601;na#618;l] adj. 青少年的,適合于青少年的
12.resurrect [#716;rez#601;#712;rekt] vt. 復興
13.Diana Wynne Jones:黛安娜·溫尼·瓊斯(1934~2011),英國奇幻小說家,擅長寫作以魔法為主題的故事。
14.garrulous [#712;ɡaelig;r#650;l#601;s] adj. 饒舌的,絮聒的
15.porcine [#712;p#596;#720;(r)sa#618;n] adj. 豬的,像豬的
16.stutter [#712;st#652;t#601;(r)] v. 口吃,結(jié)巴
17.Warner Brothers:華納兄弟,全球最大的電影和電視娛樂制作公司。目前,該公司是時代華納旗下子公司,總部分別位于美國加利福尼亞州的伯班克和紐約市。
18.menagerie [m#601;#712;naelig;d#658;#601;ri] n. 動物園,動物展覽
19.pot-bellied:大腹便便的
20.feline [#712;fi#720;la#618;n] adj. 貓科的,貓一樣的
21.mascot [#712;maelig;sk#594;t] n. 吉祥物,吉祥符
22.impishness [#712;#618;mp#618;#643;n#618;s] n. 頑皮,討厭
23.flip [fl#618;p] adj. 冒失的,輕率的
24.mustachio [m#601;#712;stɑ#720;#643;#618;#601;#650;] n. 髭(特別是大的髭須)
25.crone [kr#601;#650;n] n. 干癟的丑老太婆
26.cramped [kraelig;mpt] adj. 狹促的
27.huddle [#712;h#652;d(#601;)l] vi. 擠在一團,聚在一起
28.evocation [#716;i#720;v#601;#650;#712;ke#618;#643;(#601;)n] n. 再現(xiàn)(通過記憶和想象的力量再創(chuàng)造)
29.metaphorical [#716;met#601;#712;f#594;r#618;k(#601;)l] adj. 比喻性的
30.churn [t#643;#604;#720;(r)n] v. 劇烈翻騰
31.eclectic [#618;#712;klekt#618;k] adj. (在思想觀點、興趣愛好等方面)不拘一格的;(從不同學說、方法或風格中)兼收并蓄的
32.Jules Verne:儒勒·凡爾納(1828~1905),19世紀法國著名的科幻小說和冒險小說作家,被譽為“現(xiàn)代科學幻想小說之父”,曾寫過《海底兩萬里》、《地心游記》等著名科幻小說。
33.H. G. Wells:赫伯特·喬治·威爾斯(Herbert George Wells, 1866~1946),常簡稱H. G. 威爾斯,英國著名小說家,尤以科幻小說創(chuàng)作聞名于世。1895年出版《時間機器》一舉成名,隨后又發(fā)表了《莫洛博士島》、《隱身人》、《星際戰(zhàn)爭》等多部科幻小說。
34.hubris [#712;hju#720;br#618;s] n. 驕傲,傲慢
35.topical [#712;t#594;p#618;k(#601;)l] adj. 時下關注的,有時代性的
36.at odds:意見不一致,
#8195;#8195;爭吵
37.alter ego:個性的另一面,第二自我
38.kinfolk [#712;k#618;nf#601;#650;k] n. 親屬
1.feature [#712;fi#720;t#643;#601;(r)] n. (電影的)正片,故事片
2.enumerate [#618;#712;nju#720;m#601;re#618;t] vt. 列舉
3.installment [#618;n#712;st#596;#720;lm#601;nt] n. (戲劇的)分本演出(或播送)
4.manga [#712;maelig;#331;ɡ#601;] n. 日本漫畫
5.anime [#712;aelig;n#618;me#618;] n. 日本動畫
6.oeuvre [#712;#604;#720;vr#601;] n. 藝術(shù)作品,全部作品
7.Ansel Adams:安塞爾·亞當斯(1902~1984),美國攝影師,環(huán)境保護論者
8.J. M. W. Turner:約瑟·馬洛德·威廉·特納(Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1775~1851),常簡稱J. M. W. 特納,19世紀英國最具代表性的風景畫家之一
9.Monet:克勞德·莫奈(Claude Monet,1840~1926),法國最重要的畫家之一,印象派的代表人物和創(chuàng)始人之一
10.extravagant [#618;k#712;straelig;v#601;ɡ#601;nt] adj. 恣意的,放肆的
11.juvenile [#712;d#658;u#720;v#601;na#618;l] adj. 青少年的,適合于青少年的
12.resurrect [#716;rez#601;#712;rekt] vt. 復興
13.Diana Wynne Jones:黛安娜·溫尼·瓊斯(1934~2011),英國奇幻小說家,擅長寫作以魔法為主題的故事。
14.garrulous [#712;ɡaelig;r#650;l#601;s] adj. 饒舌的,絮聒的
15.porcine [#712;p#596;#720;(r)sa#618;n] adj. 豬的,像豬的
16.stutter [#712;st#652;t#601;(r)] v. 口吃,結(jié)巴
17.Warner Brothers:華納兄弟,全球最大的電影和電視娛樂制作公司。目前,該公司是時代華納旗下子公司,總部分別位于美國加利福尼亞州的伯班克和紐約市。
18.menagerie [m#601;#712;naelig;d#658;#601;ri] n. 動物園,動物展覽
19.pot-bellied:大腹便便的
20.feline [#712;fi#720;la#618;n] adj. 貓科的,貓一樣的
21.mascot [#712;maelig;sk#594;t] n. 吉祥物,吉祥符
22.impishness [#712;#618;mp#618;#643;n#618;s] n. 頑皮,討厭
23.flip [fl#618;p] adj. 冒失的,輕率的
24.mustachio [m#601;#712;stɑ#720;#643;#618;#601;#650;] n. 髭(特別是大的髭須)
25.crone [kr#601;#650;n] n. 干癟的丑老太婆
26.cramped [kraelig;mpt] adj. 狹促的
27.huddle [#712;h#652;d(#601;)l] vi. 擠在一團,聚在一起
28.evocation [#716;i#720;v#601;#650;#712;ke#618;#643;(#601;)n] n. 再現(xiàn)(通過記憶和想象的力量再創(chuàng)造)
29.metaphorical [#716;met#601;#712;f#594;r#618;k(#601;)l] adj. 比喻性的
30.churn [t#643;#604;#720;(r)n] v. 劇烈翻騰
31.eclectic [#618;#712;klekt#618;k] adj. (在思想觀點、興趣愛好等方面)不拘一格的;(從不同學說、方法或風格中)兼收并蓄的
32.Jules Verne:儒勒·凡爾納(1828~1905),19世紀法國著名的科幻小說和冒險小說作家,被譽為“現(xiàn)代科學幻想小說之父”,曾寫過《海底兩萬里》、《地心游記》等著名科幻小說。
33.H. G. Wells:赫伯特·喬治·威爾斯(Herbert George Wells, 1866~1946),常簡稱H. G. 威爾斯,英國著名小說家,尤以科幻小說創(chuàng)作聞名于世。1895年出版《時間機器》一舉成名,隨后又發(fā)表了《莫洛博士島》、《隱身人》、《星際戰(zhàn)爭》等多部科幻小說。
34.hubris [#712;hju#720;br#618;s] n. 驕傲,傲慢
35.topical [#712;t#594;p#618;k(#601;)l] adj. 時下關注的,有時代性的
36.at odds:意見不一致,
#8195;#8195;爭吵
37.alter ego:個性的另一面,第二自我
38.kinfolk [#712;k#618;nf#601;#650;k] n. 親屬
在許多人看來,宮崎駿是世界上最偉大的動畫電影制作者。71歲時,他名下就有了二十多部故事片。對于那些堅信動畫有一種特殊力量、講述的故事具有普遍吸引力的人來說,宮崎駿就是指路明燈。皮克斯和迪士尼動畫工作室的首席創(chuàng)意官約翰·拉塞特在總結(jié)是什么使宮崎駿成為一位“最有獨創(chuàng)性的”電影制片人時,這樣說道:“他歌頌平靜的時刻?!?/p>
宮崎駿的作品往往將電腦動畫和傳統(tǒng)技法結(jié)合起來,給諸如《玩具總動員》系列、《汽車總動員》以及《飛屋環(huán)游記》等許多電影提供了靈感。
宮崎駿的創(chuàng)造之根既在于“漫畫”,又在于“動畫”(動漫書和動漫電影)。從1997年他的史詩性作品《幽靈公主》開始,他一直都在自己的電影里使用電腦制作的圖像。
有意識地表現(xiàn)神秘感是宮崎駿藝術(shù)的核心。如果你在他的藝術(shù)世界里徜徉足夠長的時間,你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對世界的認知煥然一新,這一點和一個人長期深深沉浸在安塞爾·亞當斯、J.M.W.特納和莫奈的藝術(shù)作品中會發(fā)生的情況一樣。一段時間之后,你就會發(fā)現(xiàn),某些景象足以堪稱宮崎駿式的表現(xiàn)手法:一片起伏的草坪,上面點綴著鮮花,空中高高漂浮著的積雨云在草坪上投下陰影,一段巖石嶙峋的山麓小丘緩緩升起,伸向白雪覆蓋的頂峰,還有森林邊緣漸漸暗淡的光線。
某些故事同樣具有典型的宮崎駿特色,特別是那些關于某個聰明而又認真的女孩與精明狡猾的老婦人設下的詭計斗智斗勇的故事,以及那些關于神秘的年輕人遭受痛苦的故事。某些主題也是如此,比如戰(zhàn)爭和其他暴力行為的災難性和非理性,不尊重大自然的愚蠢行為,由自私、虛榮甚至善舉等普通行為引發(fā)的復雜的道德問題。
作為視覺藝術(shù)家,宮崎駿既是一位恣意豪放的幻想家,又是一位嚴謹?shù)淖匀恢髁x者;作為故事講述者,他所講述的寓言故事既讓人耳目一新,又給人一種說不出的古老感。他作品的奇妙感既來自于他給擁擠的青少年奇幻作品市場帶來的那份新鮮和新奇感,又來自一種令人緊張的神秘離奇的熟悉感,仿佛他將深埋在集體無意識中的傳說復活了。
宮崎駿的世界充滿了各種奇幻的生靈。有的聰明可愛,有的迷迷糊糊,有的令人厭惡,有的令人驚悚,有的英俊瀟灑,有的高貴顯赫。有可愛的森林精靈,有蹦蹦跳跳的塵球,還有會說話的貓、豬、青蛙等。在電影《哈爾的移動城堡》(改編自黛安娜·溫尼·瓊斯的長篇小說)中,有一個多嘴多舌的火苗;在《神隱少女》中,有一個性情憂郁、沉默寡言的無臉怪物;在他導演的第一部杰作《風之谷》中,整部電影幾乎被一種名叫奧姆的三葉蟲形狀的碩大昆蟲所充斥。
宮崎駿創(chuàng)造的某些形象似乎可在民間傳說、奇幻文學以及其他卡通作品中找到先例或者類似的形象。比如,在1992年的電影《紅豬》中,以豬的形象出現(xiàn)的主人公是一位精神抖擻的意大利飛行員,生活在航空時代初期。我們不難想象,這位“豬”主人公在華納兄弟的某部作品中可能會有個口吃的表兄弟,正在為搭配運動夾克而四處找褲子。但在宮崎駿創(chuàng)造的日益壯大的動物園里,大多數(shù)成員——包括那個大腹便便、行動遲緩、疑似貓科動物的龍貓(現(xiàn)已成為他的吉卜力工作室的徽標和吉祥物)——都是完全來自這位制片人自身不可思議的想象。有一次,有人問宮崎駿,在日益壯大的兒童通俗文化的世界里,他認為自己的作品地位何在?!笆聦嵤俏?guī)缀鯊膩頉]有看過那些作品,”他略顯疲憊地微笑著說,“我經(jīng)??吹奈ㄒ坏膱D像來自天氣預報?!?/p>
宮崎駿導演身材精悍,滿頭白發(fā),舉止莊重之中又帶有一點頑皮,但他說這話時并非輕率地開玩笑。很難想象有哪位制片人會像他那樣熱衷于天氣??癖┑睦子辍⑷岷偷奈L、陽光明媚的天空都是他作品中常用的重要元素,是情緒、感情和意義的載體。他所創(chuàng)造的怪物和動物與那些更為傳統(tǒng)的人物動畫形象——在風中飄著長發(fā)、穿著短裙、長著圓盤般大眼睛的青春期女孩,留著胡須的士兵以及滿臉皺紋的干癟老太婆——共享銀幕。這些怪物和動物是宮崎駿的動畫景觀中不可分割的一部分,但他的電影最為顯著的特點也許就是景觀本身。
他的電影情節(jié)發(fā)生地往往遠離現(xiàn)代日本空間狹促的城市,遠離那些為眾多動畫片提供反烏托邦背景的具有未來風格的大都市。他的角色往往居住在位于山坡的小村莊或者整潔的古鎮(zhèn)里,半木結(jié)構(gòu)的房屋凌亂地坐落在鵝卵石鋪就的街道兩旁。這些角色各有神通,經(jīng)常一飛沖天,有乘坐滑翔機的,有騎著掃把的,還有利用自身魔力的。對飛翔的藝術(shù)再現(xiàn),不管是從比喻意義上還是從純粹的視覺效果上來說,都是宮崎駿最喜歡表現(xiàn)的主題之一。但他喜愛向空中冒險的一個原因也許是為了提供更為美麗的大地與河流的畫面,在表現(xiàn)這些畫面時,他既運用了電影特有的精準細膩,又體現(xiàn)出畫家那樣的藝術(shù)鑒賞力。
盡管宮崎駿的電影畫面讓人聯(lián)想起日本風景畫的嚴謹筆法和細膩情感,但他更多地還是戰(zhàn)后日本的“產(chǎn)物”,在日本風云激蕩、百家爭鳴的視覺文化中,他站在了藝術(shù)和商業(yè)的頂峰。雖然他的精力幾乎全都投入到電影中,但他早期的創(chuàng)作生涯其實還包括電視卡通劇和漫畫。動畫片是隨美國占領軍一起到達日本的,自戰(zhàn)后以來成為日本滑稽現(xiàn)代性的化身。同時,在宮崎駿這樣的藝術(shù)家手中,動畫片也成了重塑歷史、保存歷史的載體。
宮崎駿的電影再現(xiàn)了不同的社會背景,有中世紀的日本、19世紀的歐洲,還有儒勒·凡爾納以及H. G. 威爾斯創(chuàng)造的古老的未來,并向當今時代投以憂郁——有時也帶有責備——的目光。《哈爾的移動城堡》中的反戰(zhàn)意味和《風之谷》以及《幽靈公主》中的生態(tài)警告同樣無可置疑。而且,幾乎在他的每一部電影中,技術(shù)傲慢、政治野心和貪婪無度都是罪惡的真正根源。然而,他對現(xiàn)代世界的批判,與其說是針砭時弊,倒不如說是哲學意義上的;他的電影并不代表某種觀點,而是提供了看待事物的一種方式,這種方式和我們平時所見大相徑庭。
幾乎無可否認的是,它們都是遁世娛樂產(chǎn)品的杰作,但這種遁世意義非同尋常,因為它們使人可以逃離其他現(xiàn)代娛樂形式中所充斥的噪音和侵害。他施展魔力的能力似乎沒有止境,那些折磨、欺騙或者幫助他主人公的巫師、巫婆和魔法師與其說是他的另一個自我,倒不如說是他的近親。但這種施展魔力的能力來自于——同時也表現(xiàn)出——一種同樣強大的幻滅感。
嚴格地說,宮崎駿電影并不悲觀;作為童話,他們也確實有皆大歡喜的結(jié)局。(“我不想拍出一部電影告訴孩子:‘你應該絕望、逃避?!彼f。)但是他所選擇的幸福路線有可能令人感到不安,也許對美國觀眾來說尤為如此,因為他們認為任何情感上的主張都要建立在明確區(qū)分善惡的基礎上。然而,對于將世界劃分為英雄與壞蛋的做法,宮崎駿一向抱有懷疑態(tài)度?!跋葎?chuàng)造邪惡,然后再摧毀它——我知道這是主流做法,但我認為這是老掉牙的套路,”他說,“一旦發(fā)生了邪惡之事,就要責備、懲罰某個人,不管在生活中還是在政治中,這種想法都是不可救藥的?!本拖褡匀唤缱裱陨淼姆▌t和節(jié)奏一樣——用宮崎駿的話來說就是“它高興怎樣就怎樣”——人性也不是那么容易就能解釋清楚或者下結(jié)論的。
在宮崎駿創(chuàng)造的世界里,身體、河流、森林、國家以及其他一切事物都會發(fā)生變化,思想也一樣。巫師會變成猛禽;妙齡女郎一夜之間會變成90歲的老嫗;貪婪的父母會變成豬玀;流星會變成火魔。你可以稱之為魔法,你也可以稱之為藝術(shù)。但他也可能只是在以不動聲色的、動態(tài)的、令人欲罷不能的畫面來揭示“動畫”一詞的深層含義:說到底,“動畫”的意義不僅僅是要讓物品動起來,更為深刻的是,要賦予它們生命。