一位科學(xué)家的人文情懷

徐忠友

鮮花帶來春天文化氣息。Academician Gong Xiaonan at home with a pot of flowers

在一般人眼里，院士似乎都是全身心在實驗室里搞科學(xué)實驗，認(rèn)真撰寫科研論文；或者在辦公室中提筆在繪圖紙，或者在工地上解決工程中出現(xiàn)的難題，想象中他們的工作和生活都比較單調(diào)枯燥。春節(jié)前夕，筆者走進新當(dāng)選中國工程院院士的浙江大學(xué)教授龔曉南博士的家中，發(fā)現(xiàn)這位長期從事巖土工程理論和工程應(yīng)用研究的專家，其業(yè)余文化生活卻非常豐富。

龔曉南院士的客廳非常有文化味。只見在四周的墻上，掛著一些畫和他與家人的合影，特別吸引人的是在沙發(fā)的上方，龔院士用幾條紅線將近來剛收到的上百張賀年卡像曬衣服一樣掛在繩子上。這些賀年卡有上級有關(guān)部門寄來的，也有同事、親友、學(xué)生寄來的；有的祝賀他當(dāng)選中國工程院院士，有的祝賀他新年快樂、事業(yè)騰飛、身體健康、家庭幸福。龔院士說：“這些賀年卡設(shè)計漂亮、印刷精美，因為今年是龍年，僅上面有關(guān)龍的圖案就千姿百態(tài)，一個‘龍字的寫法也是各有千秋，還有賀詞的內(nèi)容也是豐富多彩，所以我就將其掛出來，一是可以為新年增加點喜慶氣氛，二來也是一種文化生活展示?！痹诠P者的眼里，這的確是一道較為獨特的文化風(fēng)景。

接受采訪時，龔院士將筆者領(lǐng)到一個擺著茶具的小茶桌旁落座，然后拿出產(chǎn)自臺灣的“高山烏龍茶”，給筆者泡起了“功夫茶”。他用熟練的手法燒茶、泡茶、洗茶、暖杯、沖茶，可以看得出他對茶文化方面也頗有研究。他說：“我喜歡喝茶，我妹妹是浙江大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院的茶學(xué)教授，在一起的時候，她會向我介紹一些茶文化的知識，讓我對茶文化也有些興趣。因為我們在搞科研時常會遇到一些難題，喝喝茶有助于思考。另外平時與家人、與朋友坐在一起喝喝茶、聊聊天，既可以舒緩工作中的壓力，還可以增加生活的情趣，這也是茶文化的魅力吧?！憋嫴杵奋?，陶冶情操，修身養(yǎng)性；敬茶待客以茶會友，顯得典雅清和，蘊藏著高雅的情致，在繁忙的科研工作之余，在喧囂的現(xiàn)代生活中，這正是一種生活藝術(shù)享受。

說到自己的業(yè)余文化生活，龔院士說這跟父親的影響也有關(guān)系。他說：“我的父親龔樟杰曾擔(dān)任過金華市婺城區(qū)羅埠鎮(zhèn)山下龔村的黨支部書記，雖然父親只上過五年學(xué)，但平時熱愛學(xué)習(xí)，通過長期努力，能讀浙江日報、參考消息等各種報刊、書籍。他關(guān)心國內(nèi)外大事，晚年寫家史、查考龔氏家族歷史。我的父親特別重視子女的教育，一直鼓勵孩子好好讀書，勤學(xué)文化，有時候還會講一些民間故事給我們兄弟姐妹聽。 ”民間故事、文學(xué)名著、文化知識伴隨著龔家孩子的成長。龔院士說：“如今我們7個兄弟姐妹中，有5個人是教師，其中有3個大學(xué)教授，一個中學(xué)老師，一個小學(xué)高級教師。我主張知識面要寬，業(yè)余時間書看得比較雜。我自小喜歡看書，小學(xué)、中學(xué)時，課余時間看的書有的是父輩珍藏的古籍書，有的是向?qū)W校和

STARDOM名家風(fēng)采

同學(xué)借的，其中有《三國演義》《西游記》《紅樓夢》《水滸》這四大文學(xué)名著，但我更喜歡看神話故事和武俠小說，如《封神演義》《七俠五義》等古書，這對我提高文化素養(yǎng)是頗有益處的?！?/p>

1961年7月，龔曉南從金華一中畢業(yè)，考入清華大學(xué)工業(yè)與民用建筑工程專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)，是當(dāng)時班上年紀(jì)最小的學(xué)生。大學(xué)期間清華大學(xué)黨委副書記劉冰同志報告中的一句話“在認(rèn)識論上要堅持唯物主義”，龔曉南至今記憶深刻，對他的學(xué)習(xí)和工作產(chǎn)生了很大影響。他的學(xué)習(xí)成績不錯，是“因材施教”對象，政治上也要求進步，1963年加入共產(chǎn)黨。根據(jù)清華大學(xué)“又紅又?！钡娜瞬排囵B(yǎng)傳統(tǒng)，他先后擔(dān)任過班長、團支部書記和系里的學(xué)生會副主席等。大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他被分配到陜西鳳縣秦嶺山區(qū)從事“大三線”建設(shè)。開始幾年干的是道路、橋梁、防洪堤及擋土墻的設(shè)計與施工，后來在完成“三通一平”后搞土建工程，主要是管理工作。秦嶺地區(qū)山坡滑動和泥石流現(xiàn)象時有發(fā)生，然而并沒有引起他的興趣。當(dāng)時他醉心于結(jié)構(gòu)工程，在秦嶺山區(qū)自行設(shè)計、施工了幾座橋，甚感滿意。因為家在浙江，1978年報考研究生時，龔曉南決定報考浙江大學(xué)。考前他的岳父、浙農(nóng)大教師盧世昌先生陪他向浙大土木系的蔣祖蔭教授請教填志愿時，蔣教授向他介紹了該系當(dāng)時唯一留學(xué)回國的曾國熙教授在軟土地基領(lǐng)域的科研成果，龔曉南立即對巖土工程產(chǎn)生了極大的興趣，并毫不猶豫地決定報考巖土工程專業(yè)。

父親遇到家里有喜事的時候，會寫一首打油詩慶賀。受父親影響，龔曉南也會這樣。1981年9月獲浙江大學(xué)巖土工程碩士學(xué)位，他便帶著全家去游兒童公園、游西湖，并即興吟誦了一首小詩，表達心中的興奮之情：“九月杭城桂花香，學(xué)業(yè)初成精神爽。兒童公園嬉戲樂，泛舟西湖全家歡。 ”1984年9月龔曉南獲博士學(xué)位，成為浙江省和我國巖土工程界自己培養(yǎng)的第一位博士。獲得博士學(xué)位后的第二天，龔曉南登上西湖邊的玉皇山，又即興賦詩一首：“昨摘博士冠，今登玉皇山。抬頭向前看，明日再登攀。 ”他認(rèn)為一個搞自然科學(xué)研究的人，也要有文化藝術(shù)的修養(yǎng)，這樣才能相得益彰。

1986年底，龔曉南獲得了洪堡獎學(xué)金，赴德國Karlsruhe大學(xué)從事研究工作。在德國學(xué)習(xí)期間，他比較深刻地了解到西

龔院士在書房翻閱資料。Gong at his studio

凝神思考未來的發(fā)展方向。

Academician Gong poses for a picture at home.

方與東方文化的異同，通過文化的交流，從中吸取西方文化的精華，融入東方文化之中，用于指導(dǎo)自己的科研和教學(xué)工作，取得了可喜的成績。1988年春他回國后，同年就晉升為浙江大學(xué)的教授，1993年又被聘為浙江大學(xué)博士生導(dǎo)師，現(xiàn)兼任中國土木工程學(xué)會理事、地基處理學(xué)術(shù)委員會主任、浙江省巖土力學(xué)與工程學(xué)會理事長、《地基處理》編委會主任等學(xué)術(shù)職務(wù)。長期以來，他主要研究領(lǐng)域為軟黏土工程學(xué)、土塑性力學(xué)、地基處理技術(shù)與復(fù)合地基理論、深基坑工程和土工計算機分析等，僅在杭州參與建設(shè)的項目就有杭州大劇院、錢塘江過江隧道、杭州繞城高速、杭寧高速公路、杭州地鐵等，以及2004年獲得中國建筑工程最高獎項魯班獎的乍嘉蘇高速，并多次獲得省部級獎和“魯班獎”?，F(xiàn)已出版專著30多部，主編學(xué)術(shù)論文集16部，發(fā)表論文400多篇；并已培養(yǎng)碩士75位、博士72位，真可謂碩果豐枝頭、桃李滿天下。

在采訪結(jié)束前，龔曉南院士讓筆者看了幾張老照片。那是他年輕的時候，愛好武術(shù)，會打拳、能舞劍，最絕的還是雙腿劈叉，穩(wěn)穩(wěn)坐在地上，可見功力并非一般。后來，他從事科研和教學(xué)，自然沒有時間練功了。不過，為了健身強體，有兩樣愛好是沒有丟的，一是打太極拳，二是游泳。他認(rèn)為一個搞科研的人，除了要有較高的專業(yè)水平，還要有良好的身體素質(zhì)，這兩者是相輔相承、缺一不可的?！?/p>

By Xu Zhongyou

龔院士正在審閱論文。 Gong reads a paper on his computer.

It was announced on the morning of December 8, 2011 that Pro-fessor Gong Xiaonan (born in 1944), a foundation scientist with Zhejiang University, was elected an academician of Chinese Acad-emy of Engineering. Zhejiang was honored to have two professors elected in 2011. The other is Professor Chen Jiannan, president of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

I visit the 68-year-old Professor Gong at his home a few days before the Spring Festival in 2012. I had mistakenly imagined meeting a sort of bookworm, but when I walk into his home, I am deeply impressed by a touch of culture in the sitting room and I find him a man of culture and hobby. On the walls are a few paint-ings and large photographs of his families. Over the sofa are a few red strings displaying about 100 New Year cards from colleagues, friends, relatives, students and government offices. These cards con-gratulate him on his academic recognition. The professor does not display these cards for showoff. He likes the fine artistry of these cards: dragon images, the Chinese character 龍 (dragon) in various calligraphic styles, and messages.

Before my interview with the professor starts, Gong makes me a cup of oolong tea. I witness a complicated process of tea mak-ing, which shows that he is versed in tea culture. He confesses to a passion for tea. His sister is a professor of tea studies with the Ag-ricultural College of Zhejiang University and introduced him to tea culture. He says a cup of tea helps him better ponder scientific and engineering issues. He also enjoys having a cup of tea with his fam-ily.

Gong reveals that his father was a self-educated man. His father used to work as a village chief. With only five years of education

in primary school, he taught himself to read newspapers. In his evening years, the senior traced the family roots and put together a family genealogy. The father gave top priority to education, giv-

ing his seven children opportunities to go to school. Now five of

the seven grew up to be teachers: three collage professors, a middle school teacher and a primary school teacher with a senior title.

The professor says that he has benefited a great deal from the four major classical novels he read in his boyhood years. He does not hide his preference for stories of gods and devils and kongfu legends written by ancients.

Gong Xiaonans education and career advance was smooth. When he entered Qinghua University as a major of civil engineer-ing in July 1961, the 17-year-old was the youngest in the class. After graduation, he worked in the northwestern China, building roads and bridges. In 1978, he took a graduate course at Zhejiang University. This graduate course was a turning point of his career. He shifted his academic focus on geotechnical engineering. He got his masters degree in 1981 and doctoral degree in 1984. He was Chinas first PhD in the field of geotechnical engineering. In 1986, he received a scholarship and went to study at Karlsruhe University for two years. On returning to Zhejiang University in the spring of 1988, he became a professor; in 1993, he was appointed a doctoral advisor. He has assumed a series of leaderships at honorable profes-sional institutions and publications.

Gong Xiaonan has left his master touches in various construc-tion projects in the urbanization of Hangzhou, including a highway project that won a top national construction honor in 2004. Gong has written and edited 16 books and over 400 papers. Under his tu-telage, 75 have acquired masters degrees and 72 doctoral degrees.

Before the interview ends, Gong shows me a few photos of the past. In his younger years, he practiced boxing and sword. In one of the pictures, he does the splits perfectly. With total dedication to work, he did not have time for practicing kongfu more diligently, but he still finds time for swimming and doing Taiji boxing. He be-lieves a scientist needs both academic knowledge and health to go far in his career. □