• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    適用于HCCI燃燒研究的甲苯參比燃料化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)簡(jiǎn)化模型

    2011-12-12 02:43:08張慶峰鄭朝蕾何祖威
    物理化學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) 2011年3期
    關(guān)鍵詞:重慶大學(xué)甲苯品位

    張慶峰 鄭朝蕾 何祖威 王 迎

    (重慶大學(xué)低品位能源利用技術(shù)及系統(tǒng)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,重慶400030)

    1 Introduction

    Homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI)combustion process holds the promise of both good fuel economy and very low emissions of nitrogen oxides and soot.Therefore, HCCI is considered as a high-efficiency alternative to sparkignited(SI)gasoline operation and as a low-emission alternative to traditional diesel compression ignition(CI)combustion. In a HCCI engine,a homogeneous mixture of fuel and air is compressed sufficiently to raise the mixture temperature above its ignition point.Ignition is distributed throughout the cylinder volume,starting at the hottest regions.As the mixture burns, the expanding gases cause further compression of the unburned mixture and subsequent ignition without flame propagation.More detailed information about progress and recent trends in HCCI engines,as dicussed by Yao et al.1

    The combustion in HCCI engine is controlled by the chemical kinetics.2Hence,the chemical kinetics modeling is one of an important tool to the research of HCCI combustion.The combustion process is initiated by autoignition in HCCI engines.Autoignition depends on the pressure and temperature history of the fuel-air mixture.For the characterization of fuels the autoignition delay is a significant observable and is a critical parameter for HCCI engines.Tanaka et al.3performed experiments on HCCI combustion in a rapid compression machine with complex fuels,such as cyclic paraffins,olefins,and aromatics,which exist in petroleum-based fuels.They concluded that ignition delay time and burn rate could be independently controlled using various fuel mixtures and additives for HCCI combustion.

    Gasoline is one of the most important fuels in internal combustion engine,and it is a complex mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons,such as paraffins,olefins,aromatics,and cycloalkanes.Unfortunately,it is not currently possible to represent the complex chemistry of full blend of gasoline in a detailed chemical kinetics model.In general,the term surrogate denotes a simpler representation of a fully-blended fuel.The use of iso-octane is the simplest gaoline surrogate.Binary blends of iso-octane and n-heptane,pimary reference fuel(PRF)is applied widespread as gasoline surrogates for variable octane number fuel.With rapid growth of the HCCI combustion research,the study on chemical kinetics mechanism of iso-octane and PRF become very active.However,it is clear that the values of octane number are insufficient in characterzing autoignition behavior under HCCI combustion conditions.Due to differing physical and chemical properties,the behavior of PRF mixtures in homogenous charge and spark ignition engines is significantly different than that of gasoline itself.Consequently,more complex mixtures of individual species representing different molecular groups have been suggested as surrogate fuels for gasoline.As explained above,gasoline contains significant quantities of aromatic hydrocarbons.Toluene is the largest single aromatic component of the majority of fuels and the mole fraction is as high as 35%in premium fuels, and toluene is formed during the oxidation of other hydrocarbons and commercial fuels.4Therefore,toluene should be concerned.The relative importance of fuel components for gasoline,diesel and jet fuel surrogates were reported by Pitz et al.,5the result shows that a ternary mixture of iso-octane,n-heptane and toluene is suitable as a gasoline surrogate fuel for the HCCI engine simulation.This ternary blend is usually called toluene reference fuel(TRF).

    The prior published mechanisms for iso-octane and n-heptane developed by Curran et al.6,7were minimized,optimized and combined to reproduce PRF results.Chaos et al.8constructed a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for the TRF oxidation consisting of 469 species and 1221 reactions,and they performed the validated experiment in a variable pressure flow reactor at 1.27 MPa.Andrae et al.9added the toluene sub-mechanism to the PRF detailed chemical kinetic mechanism and developed a detailed chemical kinetics model(1083 species and 4635 reactions)for the autoignition of TRF oxidation,which was validated using shock tube autoignition delay time data. Afterwards,they presented a semidetailed mechanism10(137 species and 633 reactions)in a HCCI engine on the autoignition of TRF.Sakai et al.11mechanisms for iso-octane and n-heptane were added to a detailed toluene submechansim.The model showed generally good agreement with ignition delay times measured in a shock tube and a rapid compression machine. Sakai et al.proposed a toluene sub-mechanism started from the toluene mechanism developed by Pitz et al.,12which was merged to the previous PRF model.The TRF oxidation mechanism(783 species and 2883 reactions)was validated by existing shock tube and flow tube data.Anderlohr et al.13proposed a TRF oxidation mechanism(536 species and 3000 reactions) which was based on the PRF autoignition model coupled with the model for the oxidation of toluene.Flow rate and sensitivity analysis were performed in order to explain the low temperature chemical kinetics,especially the impact of NOxon hydrocarbon oxidation.

    At present,most of TRF mechanisms are the detailed chemical kinetic model,and the development of TRF oxidation mechanisms is still in primary stage.The detailed chemical kinetic model is large and difficult to use in engine models.It spends too much money and time to apply the 3D-CFD combustion simulation with the detailed mechanisms.In sum,the research on the TRF oxidation mechanism is not enough,specially the reduced mechansim.The necessity of developing the reduced TRF mechanism is brought out.In this study,a new reduced mechanism is suitable for generalized numerical simulation which developed and validated by different experiments related to HCCI combustion.

    2 Construction of TRF kinetic model

    Because this mechanism is mainly for HCCI engine application,it is used over the range of low equivalence ratio and high pressure.Since the ignition of HCCI engine is very sensitive to temperature,the mechanism should include both low temperature and high temperature kinetics.

    The reaction mechanism steps of iso-octane and n-heptane oxidation are similar.However,the rate coefficients for many of the individual reactions are different reflecting the very different structure of these two molecules.In following reactions RH denotes paraffins,and Q denotes olefins structure.A chemical kinetic mechanism proposed by Tanaka et al.3is used as a starting model,here the low temperature mechanism includes the following reactions.

    The mechanism in the case of iso-octane is as follows.Fuel oxidation is initiated to form the alkyl radical R and HO2when H atoms are abstracted by oxygen molecules RH+O2?R+HO2(Reaction(R1,R14)).At low temperature,in the sequence of reactions:an alkyl radical is oxidized by an oxygen molecule R+O2?RO2(the first oxygen addition process,Reaction(R2, R15)),an internal hydrogen is rearranged RO2?QOOH(Reaction(R3,R16)),another oxygen molecule is added to a hydroperoxy alkyl radical QOOH+OB2?OOQOOH(the second oxygen addition process,Reaction(R4,R17)),and the product decomposes irreversibly OOQOOH?OH+OROOH(Reaction (R5,R18)),as a result,an OH radical and an ketohydroperoxide are formed.After the reaction of an OH radical with a fuel molecule RH+OH?R+H2O(Reaction(R6,R19)),highly exothermic chain-cycle reactions from reaction(R2)to(R6)are subsequently completed.Then the branching reaction started, lots of heat is released and the temperature rises rapidly,until the following competing reactions R+O2?Q+HOR2(R7,R20) becomes faster than reaction(R2).

    Tanaka et al.3included three global reactions and directly decomposed OC8H15O and OC7H13O into CO and H2O.Because the presence of the important intermediate product is ignored, it is difficult for Tanaka model to predict HC and CO emissions.At the same time,their sensitivity analysis shows that these reaction paths are relatively unimportant to ignition delay times and heat release ratio using the species OC8H15O and OC7H13O.Tsurushima14pointed out that CH2O and HO2were both key intermediate species,and the fuel consumption rate during the low-temperature chain reaction was too small with Tanaka model.In order to raise prediction level,the following several reactions are included and the large molecules formed during the low temperature stage accordingly break up into smaller molecules.In these reactions,R′denotes paraffins with C5or C6.The decomposition process of ketohydroperoxide,the reaction OROOH?R′CO+CH2O+OH(R8,R21)and R′CO+O2?small molecule+CO+HO2(R9,R22)were modified.The reaction Q+O2?R′+CH2+HCO(R10,R23)was added to condider CH2O formation.Then the reaction RH+HO2?R+H2O2(R11,R24)was added to maintain the balance of production and consumption of alkyl radical.In this model,betascission of alkyl radicals is considered in the reaction R?R′+ small molecules(R12,R25).Afterwards,smaller alkyl radical R′decomposes to small molecules through the reaction R′?small molecules(R13,R26).

    Fig.1 Major reaction branches of toluene oxidation

    From the existing mechanisms of the toluene,similarity in reaction pathways can be noted.The overall reaction proceeds primarily through C6H5CH3→C6H5CH2→C6H5CHO→C6H5CO→C6H5→C6H5O→C6H5OH,followed by the ring-breaking reactions.Fig.1 presents the chemical reaction paths of toluene. The initial mechanism of the toluene oxidation is from Sivara-makrishnan et al.4Since benzene is a key intermediate in the oxidation of toluene,the benzene submodel should be considered.Selected benzene reactions were mainly based on Andrae et al.10from Alzueta model,15which was validated by comparison with the experimental data as well as flow reactor and mixed reactor data from literature.The validated experiments were also performed under plug-flow conditions,at excess air ratios ranging from close to stoichiometric to very lean,which are relevant to HCCI combustion.Some additional reactions including the species CH2OH,CH2CO were added,based on the work by UCSD.16The toluene sub-mechanism is shown in Appendix(available free of charge via the internet at http://www. whxb.pku.edu.cn).

    Some rate constantsare updated mainly fortoluene (C6H5CH3)and benzyl radical(C6H5CH2)reactions taken from recent studies.The rate coefficients of the toluene reactions are derived from published studies of Oehlschlaeger et al.17-19and Seta et al.20Oehlschlaeger et al.investigated some reactions of toluene using ultraviolet laser absorption of benzyl radicals in shock tube experiments.The rate coefficient results were in excellent agreement with the previous rate determinations.They thought the reaction of toluene with H-atoms producing benzyl radicals and molecular hydrogen is an important elementary reaction in the toluene pyrolysis and oxidation reaction systems. The reaction retards ignition during toluene oxidation by removing an H-atom that otherwise would lead to chain branching via reaction with O2.The decomposition of toluene is an important initiation step in the oxidation of toluene at moderateto high-temperatures(>1200 K),and the toluene decomposition takes place via two channels:C6H5CH3?C6H5CH2+H (R27)and C6H5CH3?C6H5+CH3(R28).The reaction of toluene with molecular oxygen is also the primary initiation reaction during the oxidation of toluene,which has been studied.Seta et al.measured the overall rate constants of the toluene reaction with OH radical and estimated channel specific rate coefficients of this reaction on the basis of RRKM-master equation analysis.This reaction is seen to account for the major consumption of toluene during the induction period.

    Benzyl is a resonantly stabilized radical that commonly occurs as an intermediate in the oxidation and pyrolysis of toluene.Benzyl is generated as an intermediate at significant concentrations during the oxidation of toluene via the reaction of toluene with molecular oxygen,the reaction of toluene with radical species,and the toluene thermal decomposition channel leading to benzyl radicals and H-atoms.Silva et al.21pointed out that the bimolecular reactions of benzyl with HO2were important in the oxidation of toluene,especially at low to moderate temperatures.We also updated rate constants of the benzyl radical reactions according to the studies of Andrae et al.10In simulation for the experiment of Davidson et al.,22the reaction C6H5CH2OO?C6H5CHO+OH(R48)was found to be very sensitive to the overall reactivity for neat toluene-air mixtures and the rate constant was tuned for best fit of model to the shock tube data that proposed by Andrae et al.,10and Klotz et al.23pointed out that considering the formation of 1,3-butadiene from toluene was necessary and the addition of iC4H5reactions significantly improved predictions of 1,3-butadiene and acetylene.Seven reactions about iC4H5were added into the toluene submechanism.Andrae et al.10performed simulations with and without the reactions to checked the importance of cross reactions.The introduction of cross reactions into a detailed model for TRF was found to improve the results in those particular HCCI simulations.In this work,five cross reactions (R147-R151)were merged to the TRF mechanism based on previous work of Andrae.Cross reactions between phenyl radicals and the primary reference fuels are also of importance, which were considered in the new model.

    Unlike previous TRF mechanisms incorporating detailedmechanism,in order to keep the mechanism size compact,thereactions are taken from a reduced mechanism for HCCI engines developed by Patel et al.24.The main branching reaction is H2O2+M?OH+OH+M(R173)at the temperatures from 900 to 1100 K,and the reaction H+O2+M?O+OH+ M(R174)is the significant branching reaction at higher temperatures,when H radical becomes an important species.It may be noted,the role of the competition between this branching reaction(R174)and the recombination process reaction H+ O2+M?HO2+M(R175)cannot be disregarded.Reaction (R174)is added to the reactions of C1-C3oxidation developed by Patel.Then,the whole toluene reference fuels oxidation mechanism is completed.The final version of the TRF mechanism consists of 70 species and 196 reactions.

    3 Model validation

    3.1 Validation of ignition delay

    A parameter often used in autoignition studies is the ignition delay,which is the time required for autoignition to happen once the fuel-air mixture is raised to a given pressure and temperature and held at that condition in a shock tube or a rapid compression machine.We have compared the model predictions with some representative experimental results.All calculations were performed by using CHEMKIN 4.1 program package,25and an adiabatic homogeneous reactor is assumed for simulations of ignition delay times.All the figures of ignition delay are shown in semi-log plot.In terms of detailed studies, the whole validation can be divided into three categories:primary reference fuels,toluene,and toluene reference fuels.

    3.1.1 Primary reference fuels

    Mechanism validation of primary reference fuels were performed for the ignition delay times from the shock tube experiments in previous studies,26,27The ignition delay time is defined in the experiment as the time interval between the arrival of the reflected shockwave and the onset of ignition in combustion chamber.And computation was done under completely homogeneous,constant volume,and adiabatic conditions.

    Fig.2(a)is the comparison of ignition delays between the cal-culation and the shock tube experiments of Fieweger et al.26at initial pressures of 1.3,3.4,4.5 MPa with stoichiometric iso-octane-air mixture.At the higher pressures,the ignition delay time becomes shorter,but the slope of the curves is essentially unchanged.Fig.2(b)is computed ignition delays of iso-octane for the different equivalence ratios at a pressure of 4 MPa also compared to experimental data.The ignition delay times increase with decreasing equivalence ratio.The values of ignition delay show a pronounced negative temperature coefficient (NTC)behaviour for stoichiometric mixtures and rich mixtures.The ignition delay with the new model seems good agreements with the experiments.In Fig.3 a comparison of ignition delay times for stoichiometric fuel/air mixture with different octane numbers at an initial pressure of 4 MPa with comparisons to the shock tube data of Fieweger.For temperatures above 1000 K,there is no significant difference among the ignition delay times of the mixtures.Overall,however,the ignition timing advances with the decrease of the octane number.In this graph,the sensitivity of ignition delay to the octane number shows excellent agreement to the shock tube data.

    Fig.2 Comparison of experimental26and computed ignition delay of iso-octane-air mixture at different pressures(a)and equivalence ratios(b)

    Fig.3 Comparison of experimental26and calculated ignition delay of PRF-air mixture

    Fig.4 Comparison of experimental27and calculated ignition delay of n-heptane-air mixture at different pressures(a)and equivalence ratios(b)

    Fig.4(a)shows computed ignition delays of stoichiometric n-heptane/air mixture at initial pressures of 0.65,1.35,4.2 MPa,with comparison to shock tube data of Ciezki et al.27Fig.4 (b)gives computed ignition delays of n-heptane at a pressure of 4 MPa and equivalence ratios of 0.5,1.0,and 2.0.In these figures,it can be seen that the ignition delays of PRF with new model shows very good agreement with the experimental data. The calculation is sensitive to changes in temperature and mixture composition and captures the NTC region.

    3.1.2 Toluene

    Fig.5(a)shows the comparison between the calculated results and the experimental results measured by Davidson et al.22in shock tube for toluene.The ignition delay time is defined in the experiment as the time interval between the arrival of the reflected shockwave and the onset of ignition at the sidewall observation location.The arrival of the reflected shockwave was determined by the step rise in pressure,and the onset of ignition was determined by monitoring either the pressure history or the emitted light corresponding to an intermediate species.The onset of ignition from the pressure history as well as both CH*and OH*emission were defined by locating the time of steepest rise and linearly extrapolating back in time to the pre-ignition baseline.As can be seen from Fig.5(a),good agreement between experimental and calculated data is obtained at a pressure of 5 MPa,especially for the conditions in relative high temperature regime.But the calculation tends to predict longer ignition delays than the experimental data in relative low temperature regimes.The calculation over-predicts the ignition delay times below 1250 K for φ=0.5 and below 1080 K for φ=1.0.

    Fig.5 Comparison of experimental[Davidson et al.22(a),Pitz et al.12(b)]and calculated ignition delay of toluene-air mixture

    In Pitz's shock tube experiment,1210%of the maximum OH emission was used as an indication of ignition.The toluene concentration in the reactants kept constant at 1.25%,and the values of equivalence ratio were 0.5,1.0,and 1.5.The reflected shock pressures and temperatures ranged from 8.0 to 9.4 MPa and 1300 to 1900 K,respectively.Using the new reduced TRF mechanism,simulation was carried out in accordance with Pitz's experimental conditions.Fig.5(b)presents the comparison of the computed ignition delays and the measuresed ones for the different equivalence ratios.As a whole,the predictions are satisfactory,and the trends of the calculated curves are in agreement with the experiment.

    3.1.3 Toluene reference fuels

    In Gauthier's shock tube study,28the two ternary surrogates used in the ignition delay time experiments consisted of iso-octane,toluene,and n-heptane in the following proportions:surrogateAand surrogate B.Fuels and their properties are presented in Table 1.Ignition delay times of toluene reference fuels were measured at temperatures 850 to 1200 K.The definition of ignition delay time is the same as Davidson et al.22(see Section 3.1.2).Fig.6 shows a comparison of ignition delay times for stoichiometric fuel-air mixture with comparisons to the shock tube data.At this temperature range and higher pressure conditions,the variation range of TRF ignition delay time is narrower than that of PRF in Fig.3.The computed ignition delay with new model shows good agreement with the experimental data.

    3.2 Validation in HCCI engines

    A single zone model is used in the computation assuming that temperature,pressure and species concentrations are uniform in the chamber.The wall heat transfer,residual gasesfrom previous cycle,and the temperature inhomogeneity in the boundary and crevice zones are ignored in the model.Despite its simplicity,the single zone model is a useful tool for investigating certain fundamental aspects of HCCI combustion.The operating conditions of each engine experiment in the simulation are given in Table 2.

    Table 1 Compostion(liquid volume fraction(%))of TRF investigated

    Fig.6 Comparison of experimental28and calculated ignition delay of TRF-air mixture(a)surrogateA,(b)surrogate B;er=equivalence ratio

    Table 2 Engine operating conditions

    Dec et al.29have performed a series of experiments using iso-octane as fuel in HCCI engine.Fig.7 shows the cylinder pressure profiles of modeling and experiment for various equivalence ratios at the compression ratio of 18,engine speed of 1200 r·min-1,and initial pressure of 0.12 MPa.Other operating parameters were held constant.The highest pressure increases with the increases of fuel load.Because of the assumption of adiabatic condition in the single zone model,the maximum pressures are over predicted,but the trends of the calculation results are in accordance with experiment results for three loads.

    HCCI combustion data30for PRF fuel-air mixtures tested in a single-cylinder CFR research engine were used to validate the predictions of PRF autoignition under engine conditions. The compression ratio and the engine speed were set at 16.55, and 900 r·min-1respectively for all the cases.The intake pressure was maintained at 0.1 MPa.The results of the fuel/air mixture(surrogate C and surrogate D)HCCI experiments are shown in Fig.8,and fuels and their properties are presented in Table 1.The cylinder pressure histories for surrogate C at the initial temperature of 320 K and the equivalence ratio of 0.25 are shown in Fig.8(a).Surrogate D at the initial temperature of 340 K and the equivalence ratio of 0.29 shown in Fig.8(b).Curran et al.6,7developed detailed reaction mechanism for iso-octane and n-heptane,which were widespreadly applied.The reduced mechanism and detailed mechanism are compared by computation.To be noted,the pressures predicted by the present reduced mechanism are almost the same as that by the PRF detailed mechanism.However,under the computing environment of 2.51 GHz CPU and 2 GB DDR,it only took 2 s on average with the reduced mechanism,which is far less than the time 420 seconds with the detailed mechanism.

    Fig.7 Cylinder pressure profiles for the modeling and the experiment29with iso-octane at different aquivalence ratios

    HCCI experiments have been conducted with TRF in the HCCI engine by Andrae et al.10Fig.9 shows both the experimental results and the simulation results with surrogate B(see Table 1)at the engine speed of 1200 r·min-1and the compression ratio of 14.04.The start of calculations is at 99 degree before top dead center.Two different initial conditions are set: the first condition is at the initial temperature of 489 K and initial pressure of 0.15 MPa(Fig.9(a));the second condition is at the initial temperature of 435 K and initial pressure of 0.33 MPa(Fig.9(b)).The results show good agreements both at the two conditions.Fig.9 also shows heat production predicted by the model.Maximum heat production of two operating conditions is at the crank angle of-1.8 and 1.8 degree after top dead center,respectively.The ignition delay time is more advanced at condition 1(high temperature and low pressure)compared with condition 2(low temperature and high pressure).However,maximum heat production of condition 2 is higher.

    Fig.8 Cylinder pressure profiles for the modeling and the experiment with PRF(a)surrogate C,(b)surrogate D

    Fig.9 Cylinder pressure profiles for the simulation and the experiment10with TRFcondition:(a)high temperature and low pressure;(b)low temperature and high pressure

    Fig.10 Normalized sensitivity coefficients for TRF at different conditionscondition:(a)high temperature and low pressure;(b)low temperature and high pressure

    Fig.10 presents a bar plot of normalized sensitivity coefficients for surrogate B.The sensitivity calculation was done for the 10 most sensitive reactions at the crank angle for maximum heat production.The conditions for the calculations are conditions 1 and 2 as in Fig.9.For condition 1(see Fig.9(a)),the reaction with two of the highest positive sensitivity are alkyl radical isomerization in C7H15OO?C7H14OOH(R16)and the toluene reaction with O radical in C6H5CH3+O=C6H5CH2+OH (R32).

    For the case of condition 2(see Fig.9(b)),on the other hand, reactions(R16)and(R32)are not among the 10 most sensitive reactions.Instead,the reaction(R80)of phenol radicals with O2has the highest positive sensitivity.The sensitivity results for higher pressure are the same as shock tube experiments performed by Sivaramakrishnan et al.4

    For both operating conditions,the following five reactions show higher sensitivity.

    Although there are some small variations,the trend in sensitivity to reactions is the same with changing operating conditions.Reaction(R173)initializes the thermal explosion,and the reaction of fuel oxidation with the product OH radicals happens immediately,which causes the temperature rise rapidly. Fig.10 shows that the reactions(R4)and(R8)have high positive sensitivity,especially in the condition of low temperature and high pressure.The reaction(R178)of formaldehyde (CH2O)with OH radicals shows a higher negative sensitivity, and the reaction(R179)of CH2O with HO2radicals also shows a higher positive sensitivity.Formaldehyde is very important intermediate,which should not be neglected in constructing mechanism.

    4 Conclusions

    (1)A reduced toluene reference fuel(TRF)oxidation mechanism for HCCI combustion comprised of 70 species and 196 reactions was developed.The mechanism has been validated by comparing computed results with experimental data within the HCCI combustion mode.

    (2)In shock tube conditions,computed ignition delay time with the new TRF mechanism was validated with the experimental data in literature with iso-octane,n-heptane,and toluene as fuels at different conditions.Good agreements of ignition delay times are obtained.

    (3)In HCCI engine conditions,the comparison of the computed and measured results with PRF/TRF as fuels indicates that the combustion process can be well predicted with this mechanism.A sensitivity analysis from low intake pressureor high intake temperature to high intake pressure or low intake temperature shows that reaction(R80)of phenol radicals with O2has the higher sensitivity as the pressure rising,and formaldehyde(CH2O)is very important intermediate,which should not be neglected.

    (4)As a conclusion,the new TRF model is believed to have enough accuracy for the HCCI combustion simulation.It is suitable for toluene/PRF/TRF as fuels.And the present reduced model can be a useful tool to study HCCI engine operation.

    (1)Yao,M.F.;Zheng,Z.L.;Liu,H.F.Prog.Energ.Combust. 2009,35,398.

    (2)Westbrook,C.K.Proc.Combust.Inst.2000,28,1563.

    (3)Tanaka,S.;Ayala,F.;Keck,J.C.Combust.Flame 2003,134, 219.

    (4) Sivaramakrishnan,R.;Tranter,R.S.;Brezinsky,K.Proc. Combust.Inst.2005,30,1165.

    (5) Pitz,W.J.;Cernansky,N.P.;Dryer,F.L.;Egolfopoulos,F.N.; Farrell,J.T.;Friend,D.G.;Pitsch,H.SAE Tech.Pap.Ser.2007, 2007-01-0175.

    (6) Curran,H.J.;Gaffuri,P.;Pitz,W.J.;Westbrook,C.K.Combust. Flame 1998,114,149.

    (7) Curran,H.J.;Gaffuri,P.;Pitz,W.J.;Westbrook,C.K.Combust. Flame 2002,129,253.

    (8) Chaos,M.;Zhao,Z.;Kazakov,A.;Gokulakrishnan,P.; Angioletti,M.;Dryer,F.L.APRF+Toluene Surrogate Fuel Model for Simulating Gasoline Kinetics.In 5th U.S. Combustion Meeting,March 25-28,2007;University of California,San Diego,California,Paper#E26.

    (9)Andrae,J.C.G.;Bj?rnbom,P.;Cracknell,R.F.;Kalghatgi,G. T.Combust.Flame 2007,149,2.

    (10)Andrae,J.C.G.;Brinck,T.;Kalghatgi,G.T.Combust.Flame 2008,155,696.

    (11) Sakai,Y.;Miyoshi,A.;Koshi,M.;Pitz,W.J.Proc.Combust. Inst.2009,32,411.

    (12) Pitz,W.J.;Seiser,R.;Bozzelli,J.W.;Seshadri,K.;Chen,C.J.; Costa,D.;Fournet,R.;Billaud,F.;Battin-Leclerc,F.; Weatbrook,C.K.Chemical Kinetic Study of Toluene Oxidation.In 29th International Symposium on Combustion, Hokkaido University,Sapporo,Japan,July 21-26,2002; Elsevier:New York,2002,UCRL-JC-125890.

    (13)Anderlohr,J.M.;Bounaceur,R.;Pires Da Cruz,A.; Battin-Leclerc,F.Combust.Flame 2009,156,505.

    (14) Tsurushima,T.Proc.Combust.Inst.2009,32,2835.

    (15)Alzueta,M.U.;Glarborg,P.;Dam-Johansen,K.Int.J.Chem. Kinet.2000,32,498.

    (16)Welcome to Chemical-Kinetic Mechanisms for Combustion Applications.http://maeweb.ucsd.edu/~combustion/cermech/ index.html(accessedAug 27,2010).

    (17) Oehlschlaeger,M.A.;Davidson,D.F.;Hanson,R.K.Proc. Combust.Inst.2007,31,211.

    (18) Oehlschlaeger,M.A.;Davidson,D.F.;Hanson,R.K.J.Phys. Chem.A 2006,110,9867.

    (19)Oehlschlaeger,M.A.;Davidson,D.F.;Hanson,R.K.Combust. Flame 2006,147,195.

    (20) Seta,T.;Nakajima,M.;Miyoshi,J.Phys.Chem.A 2006,110, 5081.

    (21) Silva,G.;Bozzelli,J.W.Proc.Combust.Inst.2009,32,287.

    (22)Davidson,D.F.;Gauthier,B.M.;Hanson,R.K.Proc.Combust. Inst.2005,30,1175.

    (23) Klotz,S.D.;Brezinsky,K.;Glassman,I.Modeling the Combustion of Toluene-Butane Blends.In 27th Symposium (International)on Combustion,University of Colorado at boulder,USA;The Combustion Institute:Pittsburgh,PA,1998; 337.

    (24) Patel,A.;Kong,S.C.;Reitz,R.D.SAE Tech.Pap.Ser.2004, 2004-01-0558.

    (25)Kee,R.J.;Rupley,F.M.;Miller,J.A.;et al.CHEMKIN Release 4.1,Reaction Design:San Diego,CA,2006.

    (26)Fieweger,K.;Blumenthal,K.R.;Adomeit,G.Combust.Flame 1997,109,599.

    (27)Ciezki,H.K.;Adomeit,G.Combust.Flame 1993,93,421.

    (28) Gauthier,B.M.;Davidson,D.F.;Hanson,R.K.Combust. Flame 2004,139,300.

    (29) Dec,J.E.;Sj?berg,M.SAE Tech.Pap.Ser.2003,2003-01-0752.

    (30)Aroonsrisopon,T.;Sohm,V.;Werner,P.;Foster,D.E.; Morikawa,T.;Lida,M.SAE Tech.Pap.Ser.2002, 2002-01-2830.

    猜你喜歡
    重慶大學(xué)甲苯品位
    品位(外一首)
    重慶大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)征稿簡(jiǎn)則
    鐘情山花爛漫 品位幸福時(shí)光
    高效液相色譜法測(cè)定降糖藥甲苯磺丁脲片中甲苯磺丁脲的含量
    金堆城鉬礦床硫元素分布規(guī)律研究
    1-(對(duì)甲苯基)-2-(三對(duì)甲苯基-5-亞磷?;?乙醛的汞(Ⅱ)配合物的X射線晶體學(xué)、光譜表征和理論計(jì)算研究
    Who Is The Master?
    大東方(2018年9期)2018-10-21 15:29:02
    “精益管理五原則”在高校圖書館社區(qū)服務(wù)中的應(yīng)用——以重慶大學(xué)城為例
    萊鋼3200 m3高爐低品位冶煉實(shí)踐
    山東冶金(2015年5期)2015-12-10 03:27:38
    甲苯-4-磺酸催化高效合成尼泊金正丁酯防腐劑
    亚洲精品自拍成人| 亚洲精品中文字幕在线视频| 我的亚洲天堂| 亚洲欧洲精品一区二区精品久久久| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 亚洲美女黄色视频免费看| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 国产福利在线免费观看视频| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 免费高清在线观看日韩| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放| 人妻一区二区av| 少妇被粗大的猛进出69影院| 国产主播在线观看一区二区| 亚洲伊人色综图| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 黄网站色视频无遮挡免费观看| 无限看片的www在线观看| 午夜91福利影院| 99国产精品99久久久久| 青春草亚洲视频在线观看| 精品欧美一区二区三区在线| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 日韩视频一区二区在线观看| 亚洲精品粉嫩美女一区| 精品人妻熟女毛片av久久网站| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放| 在线天堂中文资源库| 久久中文看片网| h视频一区二区三区| 欧美黑人精品巨大| 考比视频在线观看| 午夜福利乱码中文字幕| 人妻 亚洲 视频| 人妻 亚洲 视频| 久久精品国产亚洲av香蕉五月 | 成年美女黄网站色视频大全免费| 成人免费观看视频高清| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| 免费在线观看影片大全网站| 国产1区2区3区精品| 国精品久久久久久国模美| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频 | 亚洲中文av在线| 捣出白浆h1v1| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| 女人久久www免费人成看片| 国产三级黄色录像| 高清视频免费观看一区二区| www.av在线官网国产| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 久热这里只有精品99| 考比视频在线观看| 高清视频免费观看一区二区| 久久久水蜜桃国产精品网| 人妻一区二区av| 亚洲少妇的诱惑av| av天堂在线播放| 在线观看人妻少妇| 亚洲国产看品久久| 国产精品国产av在线观看| 99精品欧美一区二区三区四区| 欧美激情 高清一区二区三区| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 一二三四社区在线视频社区8| 十八禁网站免费在线| 日韩三级视频一区二区三区| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 亚洲av美国av| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 国产精品一区二区在线观看99| 99精国产麻豆久久婷婷| 久久久精品94久久精品| 两个人看的免费小视频| 久久99热这里只频精品6学生| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频 | 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 视频区欧美日本亚洲| 日韩视频一区二区在线观看| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 最近最新中文字幕大全免费视频| 人成视频在线观看免费观看| 久久久久久久久久久久大奶| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 亚洲av国产av综合av卡| 免费观看a级毛片全部| 麻豆国产av国片精品| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 久久影院123| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 中文字幕高清在线视频| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 窝窝影院91人妻| 国产免费一区二区三区四区乱码| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 9191精品国产免费久久| 我要看黄色一级片免费的| a 毛片基地| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 欧美+亚洲+日韩+国产| 十八禁高潮呻吟视频| 精品亚洲成a人片在线观看| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频| av欧美777| 人人妻人人爽人人添夜夜欢视频| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 亚洲精品国产精品久久久不卡| av有码第一页| 国产精品.久久久| cao死你这个sao货| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 男人操女人黄网站| 国产成人一区二区三区免费视频网站| 久久久国产一区二区| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 中文精品一卡2卡3卡4更新| 多毛熟女@视频| 黄片播放在线免费| 久久精品国产综合久久久| 欧美激情久久久久久爽电影 | 99精国产麻豆久久婷婷| 国产成人精品无人区| 欧美亚洲 丝袜 人妻 在线| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 成人影院久久| 王馨瑶露胸无遮挡在线观看| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 亚洲va日本ⅴa欧美va伊人久久 | 在线观看人妻少妇| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 国产成人精品在线电影| 亚洲精华国产精华精| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 日本一区二区免费在线视频| 777米奇影视久久| 91大片在线观看| 午夜福利视频精品| 曰老女人黄片| 91字幕亚洲| 国产精品香港三级国产av潘金莲| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 国产伦人伦偷精品视频| tocl精华| 大码成人一级视频| 国产精品一区二区免费欧美 | 日韩,欧美,国产一区二区三区| 99国产综合亚洲精品| 免费观看av网站的网址| 亚洲精品久久久久久婷婷小说| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频 | 美女脱内裤让男人舔精品视频| 最近最新中文字幕大全免费视频| 欧美人与性动交α欧美精品济南到| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| 国产高清国产精品国产三级| 欧美人与性动交α欧美软件| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 18禁观看日本| 久久毛片免费看一区二区三区| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 狠狠狠狠99中文字幕| 欧美亚洲 丝袜 人妻 在线| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 制服人妻中文乱码| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 9191精品国产免费久久| 91精品伊人久久大香线蕉| av国产精品久久久久影院| 天天躁日日躁夜夜躁夜夜| 男人爽女人下面视频在线观看| 99国产极品粉嫩在线观看| 午夜福利一区二区在线看| 捣出白浆h1v1| 日韩人妻精品一区2区三区| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| 国产一区二区 视频在线| 中文字幕精品免费在线观看视频| 热re99久久精品国产66热6| 精品亚洲成国产av| 在线精品无人区一区二区三| 51午夜福利影视在线观看| av福利片在线| 欧美大码av| 欧美精品啪啪一区二区三区 | 亚洲久久久国产精品| 狠狠婷婷综合久久久久久88av| 亚洲av国产av综合av卡| 欧美日韩亚洲国产一区二区在线观看 | 伊人亚洲综合成人网| 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| 欧美久久黑人一区二区| a级毛片黄视频| 亚洲少妇的诱惑av| 国产一卡二卡三卡精品| 中文字幕人妻丝袜制服| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 十八禁高潮呻吟视频| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 男女免费视频国产| 色婷婷av一区二区三区视频| 精品国内亚洲2022精品成人 | 日韩视频一区二区在线观看| 美女主播在线视频| 久久国产精品人妻蜜桃| 9热在线视频观看99| 免费少妇av软件| 国产伦人伦偷精品视频| 国产成人免费观看mmmm| 91精品伊人久久大香线蕉| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| 国产av一区二区精品久久| 大型av网站在线播放| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 夜夜骑夜夜射夜夜干| 亚洲精品国产av蜜桃| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀| 十八禁人妻一区二区| 久久午夜综合久久蜜桃| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区mp4| 日本欧美视频一区| 91成年电影在线观看| 欧美日韩福利视频一区二区| 91老司机精品| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 51午夜福利影视在线观看| 久久久久国产一级毛片高清牌| 美国免费a级毛片| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 午夜福利免费观看在线| av福利片在线| 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 色播在线永久视频| 狂野欧美激情性bbbbbb| 久久精品aⅴ一区二区三区四区| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 国产成人免费观看mmmm| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 天堂俺去俺来也www色官网| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 亚洲第一欧美日韩一区二区三区 | 婷婷丁香在线五月| 在线 av 中文字幕| 国产日韩欧美在线精品| 日本a在线网址| 亚洲成国产人片在线观看| 午夜日韩欧美国产| 国产高清视频在线播放一区 | 久久影院123| 久久久精品区二区三区| 一本一本久久a久久精品综合妖精| 在线观看免费日韩欧美大片| 一级毛片女人18水好多| 韩国高清视频一区二区三区| 亚洲精品一二三| 免费高清在线观看视频在线观看| av天堂久久9| 久久久精品区二区三区| kizo精华| av超薄肉色丝袜交足视频| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 99热全是精品| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 精品国产超薄肉色丝袜足j| 欧美国产精品一级二级三级| 99国产极品粉嫩在线观看| 成在线人永久免费视频| 免费在线观看日本一区| 午夜日韩欧美国产| 丝瓜视频免费看黄片| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 亚洲国产av新网站| 丰满少妇做爰视频| 在线观看人妻少妇| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 国产免费一区二区三区四区乱码| 亚洲专区中文字幕在线| videosex国产| 日本wwww免费看| 美国免费a级毛片| 亚洲第一av免费看| 国产成人精品无人区| 欧美另类亚洲清纯唯美| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 他把我摸到了高潮在线观看 | 99香蕉大伊视频| 日日夜夜操网爽| 99久久人妻综合| 久久女婷五月综合色啪小说| 免费不卡黄色视频| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 一区福利在线观看| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 午夜老司机福利片| 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 久久久久久人人人人人| 在线天堂中文资源库| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频 | 欧美+亚洲+日韩+国产| 国产在线免费精品| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 人人澡人人妻人| 不卡一级毛片| 免费在线观看完整版高清| 黄片大片在线免费观看| 成人影院久久| 侵犯人妻中文字幕一二三四区| 欧美精品高潮呻吟av久久| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 女人精品久久久久毛片| 日韩免费高清中文字幕av| 日韩欧美国产一区二区入口| 久久久水蜜桃国产精品网| 国产av又大| 一级毛片电影观看| 久热爱精品视频在线9| 热99久久久久精品小说推荐| av网站免费在线观看视频| 久久精品久久久久久噜噜老黄| 一级毛片女人18水好多| 丰满饥渴人妻一区二区三| 日韩精品免费视频一区二区三区| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 91麻豆av在线| 亚洲欧美清纯卡通| 精品亚洲成国产av| 中文字幕人妻丝袜制服| 91麻豆av在线| 我要看黄色一级片免费的| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频| 日本a在线网址| 少妇人妻久久综合中文| 色视频在线一区二区三区| 激情视频va一区二区三区| 国产91精品成人一区二区三区 | 国产伦理片在线播放av一区| 亚洲激情五月婷婷啪啪| 国产高清videossex| 久久久精品区二区三区| 久久毛片免费看一区二区三区| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 18禁裸乳无遮挡动漫免费视频| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 欧美 日韩 精品 国产| 国产欧美亚洲国产| 国产色视频综合| 国产精品一区二区免费欧美 | 色94色欧美一区二区| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆| 9热在线视频观看99| 欧美午夜高清在线| 香蕉国产在线看| 国产成人免费无遮挡视频| 亚洲 国产 在线| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放| 国产成人精品无人区| 国产亚洲午夜精品一区二区久久| 精品高清国产在线一区| 亚洲国产欧美日韩在线播放| 天天添夜夜摸| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频 | 少妇被粗大的猛进出69影院| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕| 日日夜夜操网爽| 国产亚洲精品第一综合不卡| 中文字幕另类日韩欧美亚洲嫩草| 午夜激情久久久久久久| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 国产欧美亚洲国产| 一进一出抽搐动态| 人妻人人澡人人爽人人| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| 国产成人影院久久av| 精品一区二区三区av网在线观看 | 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 在线亚洲精品国产二区图片欧美| 大型av网站在线播放| 久久ye,这里只有精品| 一边摸一边做爽爽视频免费| 亚洲国产精品999| 亚洲自偷自拍图片 自拍| 蜜桃在线观看..| 精品久久久久久电影网| 亚洲五月色婷婷综合| 91成年电影在线观看| 2018国产大陆天天弄谢| 手机成人av网站| 国产一区二区三区综合在线观看| 亚洲国产av影院在线观看| 国产成+人综合+亚洲专区| 久久精品熟女亚洲av麻豆精品| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 午夜影院在线不卡| 汤姆久久久久久久影院中文字幕| 男男h啪啪无遮挡| avwww免费| 最黄视频免费看| 亚洲欧美日韩另类电影网站| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看 | 欧美日韩成人在线一区二区| 制服人妻中文乱码| 超碰97精品在线观看| 欧美日韩亚洲综合一区二区三区_| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 国产在线一区二区三区精| 美女大奶头黄色视频| 久久青草综合色| 美女午夜性视频免费| 两性夫妻黄色片| 超碰成人久久| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| 人人妻人人澡人人看| 下体分泌物呈黄色| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 欧美少妇被猛烈插入视频| 日韩制服丝袜自拍偷拍| 亚洲国产欧美一区二区综合| 国产免费视频播放在线视频| 日韩视频在线欧美| 欧美日韩视频精品一区| 欧美人与性动交α欧美软件| 人妻一区二区av| 久久久精品国产亚洲av高清涩受| 丝袜脚勾引网站| 国产一区二区三区综合在线观看| 亚洲欧洲日产国产| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 久久精品熟女亚洲av麻豆精品| 国产精品.久久久| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 999久久久国产精品视频| 老鸭窝网址在线观看| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产 | 一级毛片女人18水好多| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 成人手机av| 在线十欧美十亚洲十日本专区| 国产在线视频一区二区| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 91字幕亚洲| 久久久久国内视频| 美国免费a级毛片| 国产精品二区激情视频| 老司机福利观看| 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网 | 久久久久网色| 黄色视频不卡| 久久久精品94久久精品| 国产日韩欧美亚洲二区| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 欧美人与性动交α欧美软件| 一二三四社区在线视频社区8| 亚洲精品国产一区二区精华液| 999久久久国产精品视频| 亚洲av国产av综合av卡| 久久久久网色| 美女脱内裤让男人舔精品视频| 青春草亚洲视频在线观看| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频 | 国产精品二区激情视频| 热99re8久久精品国产| 啦啦啦啦在线视频资源| 大型av网站在线播放| 丰满迷人的少妇在线观看| 精品亚洲成国产av| 亚洲一卡2卡3卡4卡5卡精品中文| 水蜜桃什么品种好| 亚洲九九香蕉| 一区二区三区四区激情视频| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 久久这里只有精品19| 国产精品一二三区在线看| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av | 在线看a的网站| 中文字幕av电影在线播放| 欧美黑人精品巨大| 最黄视频免费看| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 老司机影院毛片| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| h视频一区二区三区| 国产成人欧美在线观看 | 国产一区二区在线观看av| 老司机靠b影院| 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 岛国在线观看网站| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 午夜免费鲁丝| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 亚洲综合色网址| 午夜免费成人在线视频| 男人操女人黄网站| 侵犯人妻中文字幕一二三四区| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 国产成人a∨麻豆精品| 在线天堂中文资源库| 亚洲国产精品一区三区| h视频一区二区三区| 十分钟在线观看高清视频www| 久久久久久久国产电影| 成人手机av| 久久国产精品影院| 交换朋友夫妻互换小说| 一本大道久久a久久精品| 99国产精品免费福利视频| 亚洲国产精品一区三区| 国产主播在线观看一区二区| 国产成人欧美在线观看 | 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影小说| 午夜福利免费观看在线| 久久久久久久久免费视频了| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 国产成人av教育| 国产高清视频在线播放一区 | 在线观看免费高清a一片| 美女高潮喷水抽搐中文字幕| 多毛熟女@视频| 天天影视国产精品| 视频区图区小说| 日韩中文字幕欧美一区二区| 国产福利在线免费观看视频| 一本久久精品| 色94色欧美一区二区| 久久精品国产综合久久久| 国产精品九九99| 亚洲精品久久午夜乱码| 人妻一区二区av| svipshipincom国产片| 亚洲国产精品一区三区| 国产亚洲av片在线观看秒播厂| 一进一出抽搐动态| 韩国高清视频一区二区三区| a级毛片在线看网站| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| av电影中文网址| 女人久久www免费人成看片| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 80岁老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆| 日本五十路高清| 99热国产这里只有精品6| 热re99久久精品国产66热6| 免费观看av网站的网址| 亚洲国产欧美网| 午夜福利免费观看在线| 精品少妇久久久久久888优播| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 正在播放国产对白刺激| 亚洲视频免费观看视频| 法律面前人人平等表现在哪些方面 | 在线永久观看黄色视频| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 啦啦啦免费观看视频1| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9 | 51午夜福利影视在线观看| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 久久ye,这里只有精品| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 91老司机精品| 99re6热这里在线精品视频| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 亚洲成人国产一区在线观看| 久久影院123| 热99久久久久精品小说推荐| 搡老乐熟女国产| 亚洲国产精品999| 久久热在线av| 高清视频免费观看一区二区| 9色porny在线观看| 午夜福利乱码中文字幕| 欧美国产精品一级二级三级| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 精品一区二区三区av网在线观看 | 久久精品亚洲熟妇少妇任你| 国产精品.久久久| 免费在线观看日本一区| 国产一区二区三区综合在线观看| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 成在线人永久免费视频| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 国产福利在线免费观看视频| 九色亚洲精品在线播放| 十八禁人妻一区二区| 成人av一区二区三区在线看 | 欧美激情久久久久久爽电影 | 啦啦啦免费观看视频1| 国产片内射在线| 精品乱码久久久久久99久播| 日本av手机在线免费观看| 色94色欧美一区二区| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 中文字幕人妻丝袜制服| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 超色免费av|