王媛媛,胡接力,崔靜,黃愛龍,阮雄中,2,陳壓西
1 重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院 教育部感染性疾病分子生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 脂質(zhì)研究中心,重慶 400016 2 Center for Nephrology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Royal Free Campus,London, UK
SM22啟動(dòng)SCAP真核表達(dá)質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建及其在CHO細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)
王媛媛1,胡接力1,崔靜1,黃愛龍1,阮雄中1,2,陳壓西1
1 重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院 教育部感染性疾病分子生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 脂質(zhì)研究中心,重慶 400016 2 Center for Nephrology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Royal Free Campus,London, UK
為建立平滑肌特異的固醇調(diào)節(jié)元件結(jié)合蛋白(SREBP)的裂解激活蛋白(SCAP)超表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠,深入探討SCAP的功能,本實(shí)驗(yàn)構(gòu)建了由平滑肌特異蛋白SM22啟動(dòng)子(pSM22)啟動(dòng)倉鼠SCAP 443位點(diǎn)突變體——SCAP(D443N)的真核表達(dá)質(zhì)粒,并在倉鼠卵巢細(xì)胞(CHO)驗(yàn)證其表達(dá)。利用巢式PCR從小鼠肝臟組織提取的基因組中擴(kuò)增得到 pSM22基因。先將其插入 pMD-T載體,構(gòu)建 T-SM22,對(duì) pSM22測(cè)序后,通過雙酶切將 pSM22克隆到pGL3-control-Luc中,成為pGL3-SM22-Luc。轉(zhuǎn)染pGL3-SM22-Luc到血管平滑肌(VSMCs)中,通過檢測(cè)熒光素酶(Luc)值觀察pSM22在VSMCs內(nèi)的啟動(dòng)活性。利用PCR從pTK-HSV-SCAP(D443N)質(zhì)粒中擴(kuò)增出SCAP(D443N)后克隆入 pGL3-control中,成為 pGL3-SCAP。然后再將 pSM22克隆入 pGL3-SCAP中,成為表達(dá)質(zhì)粒 pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)。轉(zhuǎn)染表達(dá)質(zhì)粒到CHO細(xì)胞,用real-time PCR和Western blotting驗(yàn)證SCAP(D443N)的表達(dá)。結(jié)果證實(shí)pSM22在體外VSMCs中能啟動(dòng)Luc的表達(dá); 表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)酶切及測(cè)序結(jié)果正確; 將其轉(zhuǎn)染到CHO細(xì)胞后,與轉(zhuǎn)染pGL3-control的對(duì)照細(xì)胞相比SCAP(D443)mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)顯著增強(qiáng)。
SM22,啟動(dòng)子,SREBP裂解激活蛋白,質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建,基因表達(dá),轉(zhuǎn)染
Abstract:The experiment was designed to investigate the function of SREBP cleavage-activating protein(SCAP)mutant(D443N)by constructing an eukaryotic expressive vector using a smooth muscle specific promoter SM22(pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)).SM22 promoter(pSM22)was amplified from genome DNA of mice by nested PCR, and then cloned into pMD-T vector.The SM22 promoter fragment released from the vector by Kpn I and Hind III digestion was sub-cloned into pGL3-control-Luc vector, to form pGL3-SM22-Luc.The activity of pSM22 in human vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)was tested using Dual-LuciferaseReporter System.SCAP(D443)mutant amplified from plasmid pTK-HSV-SCAP(D443N)and pSM22 from mice liver were cloned into pGL3-control vector to construct pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)which was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells(CHO)to test SCAP(D443)expression by real-time PCR and Western blot.The sequence and construction of pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)were correct.SM22 promoter activity initiated the expression of luciferase in VSMCs and also drove SCAP(D443)expression in transfected CHO cells.The pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed and the recombinant vector provides a powerful approach in investigating the function and regulation of SCAP and also in producing vascular smooth muscle specific SCAP transgenic mice.
Keywords:SM22, promoter, SREBP cleavage-activating protein, plasmid construction, gene expression, transfection
固醇調(diào)節(jié)元件結(jié)合蛋白裂解激活蛋白(SCAP)是存在于內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)的細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇敏感器,也是固醇調(diào)節(jié)元件結(jié)合蛋白(SREBP)的錨定蛋白,在調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇水平中起著非常關(guān)鍵的作用[1]。當(dāng)細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇缺乏時(shí),它可以將SREBP從內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)運(yùn)送至高爾基體發(fā)生裂解,裂解的活性片段進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核,引起在啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域含有膽固醇調(diào)節(jié)元件(SRE)的下游靶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄激活,從而導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞對(duì)膽固醇的合成和攝取增加。相反,在細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇過負(fù)荷時(shí),SCAP與內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)上的固定蛋白胰島素誘導(dǎo)基因(Insig-1,2)結(jié)合,將 SREBP錨定在內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)而不向高爾基體轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),從而停止對(duì)下游靶基因(如 LDL受體和HMG CoA還原酶)的轉(zhuǎn)錄激活。本研究室大量的前期研究表明,當(dāng)肝細(xì)胞內(nèi)過度表達(dá)SCAP,可以導(dǎo)致肝細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂質(zhì)攝取與合成增加及脂肪肝發(fā)生[2];當(dāng)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞 SCAP過度表達(dá)時(shí),亦會(huì)導(dǎo)致膽固醇異常積聚,形成泡沫細(xì)胞[3]。雖然野生型SCAP過表達(dá)時(shí)會(huì)引起膽固醇對(duì)LDL受體負(fù)反饋調(diào)節(jié)失調(diào),但當(dāng) SCAP基因位于膽固醇敏感區(qū)的第443個(gè)密碼子存在點(diǎn)突變時(shí),SCAP將不再受細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇水平的反饋調(diào)節(jié),這樣會(huì)徹底打破細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇對(duì)靶基因的負(fù)反饋調(diào)節(jié)[4]。同時(shí),平滑肌特異蛋白 SM22啟動(dòng)子在體外能夠廣泛表達(dá),而在體內(nèi)卻具有在動(dòng)脈平滑肌上的表達(dá)特異性[5]。因此,本實(shí)驗(yàn)選定SCAP(D443N)突變體與SM22啟動(dòng)子(pSM22),首次構(gòu)建了 pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)真核表達(dá)質(zhì)粒,為今后建立血管平滑肌特異的SCAP超表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠、深入探討 SCAP的功能及動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生的新機(jī)制奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
中國倉鼠卵巢細(xì)胞(CHO)(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)教育部感染性疾病分子生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室);血管平滑肌細(xì)胞株(VSMCs)(英國Buckinghamshire,TCS cell works);DMEM-F12培養(yǎng)基、優(yōu)等胎牛血清(賽默飛世爾化學(xué)制品有限公司);載體 pMD18-T、DNA聚合酶、T4 DNA連接酶及限制性內(nèi)切酶 BglⅡ、XbaⅠ、BamHⅠ、KpnⅠ、Hind Ⅲ、SalⅠ(大連寶生物工程有限公司);蛋白提取試劑盒(凱基生物科技發(fā)展有限公司);BCA蛋白定量試劑盒(北京鼎國生物技術(shù)有限公司);轉(zhuǎn)染試劑LipofectamineTM-2000(美國Invitrogen公司);質(zhì)粒提取試劑盒,質(zhì)粒載體pGL3-control、pGL3-enhancer、pEGFP-N1,雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)(美國Promega公司);質(zhì)粒pTK-HSV-SCAP-T7(D443N)及兔源抗SCAP多克隆抗體(英國UCL大學(xué)皇家自由醫(yī)學(xué)院腎臟病研究中心惠贈(zèng));DNA提取試劑盒(德國QIAGEN公司);兔源抗 β-actin多克隆抗體、羊抗兔 HRP標(biāo)記二抗(美國santa cluz公司);引物合成(上海生工生物工程有限公司)。
CHO細(xì)胞株在含10%優(yōu)等胎牛血清、100 U/mL青霉素、100 mg/mL鏈霉素的DMEM-F12培養(yǎng)基中,VSMCs細(xì)胞在20%優(yōu)等胎牛血清、100 U/mL青霉素、100 mg/mL鏈霉素的DMEM-F12培養(yǎng)基中,均于 20% O2、5% CO2、75% N2的常氧孵箱中 37℃培養(yǎng)。
參考 Moessler等[5]的研究結(jié)果,設(shè)計(jì)兩對(duì)引物F1、R1和F2、R2(表1)做巢式PCR擴(kuò)增pSM22。先用外引物F1、R1對(duì)小鼠肝臟的基因組DNA進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,再利用內(nèi)引物F2、R2對(duì)上述PCR產(chǎn)物重新擴(kuò)增獲得全長為 2188 bp的 pSM22序列。然后將pSM22的 PCR產(chǎn)物插入 pMD18-T載體,成為T-SM22。由于 pSM22可以正反兩種方向插入pMD18-T,對(duì) T-SM22進(jìn)行酶切鑒定,挑選出酶切位點(diǎn)KpnⅠ位于pSM22上游、Hind Ⅲ位于其下游的質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行酶切,然后將切出的 pSM22片段克隆入pGL3-control-Luc中,成為pGL3- SM22-Luc。
表1 PCR擴(kuò)增引物序列設(shè)計(jì)Table 1 Primers used in the study
pGL3-SCAP質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建(圖1):根據(jù)GenBank(Accession No.U67060)中的 SCAP序列信息設(shè)計(jì)一對(duì)引物 F3、R3(表 1),從質(zhì)粒 pTK-HSV-SCAPT7(D443N)中擴(kuò)增出SCAP片段,使SCAP上游含有BglⅡ酶切位點(diǎn)和ATG翻譯起始密碼子,下游含有XbaⅠ酶切位點(diǎn)。用BglⅡ和XbaⅠ酶切pGL3-control質(zhì)粒和SCAP的PCR產(chǎn)物,將線性帶有粘性末端的全長SCAP cDNA和pGL3載體大片段置于 16℃過夜連接,轉(zhuǎn)化入大腸桿菌 DH5α,小量提取獲得的質(zhì)粒pGL3-SCAP。
pGL3-SM22-SCAP(443N)質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建(圖1):用BamHⅠ和 SalⅠ酶切 T-SM22,使 pSM22上游含有BamHⅠ的酶切位點(diǎn),下游含有 SalⅠ的酶切位點(diǎn),然后將 pSM22克隆入 pEGFP-N1,再用 BamHⅠ和BglⅡ?qū)⑵涿盖锌寺〉接?BamHⅠ處理的pGL3-SCAP質(zhì)粒中(BamHⅠ和BglⅡ?yàn)橥裁?。由于pSM22能以正反兩種方向與pGL3-SCAP進(jìn)行連接,利用酶切篩選出pSM22和SCAP方向一致的正確克隆后,獲得pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)。
DNA測(cè)序由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成,采用 ABI PRISM 3100 genetic Analyzer全自動(dòng)測(cè)序儀,雙脫氧鏈末端終止法,對(duì)T-SM22和pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)中的pSM22及SCAP序列進(jìn)行測(cè)序。同一片段經(jīng)正反兩個(gè)方向分別進(jìn)行測(cè)序反應(yīng)。
VSMCs轉(zhuǎn)染:按照轉(zhuǎn)染試劑說明于轉(zhuǎn)染前1天接種細(xì)胞入24孔板,24 h后至細(xì)胞長至90%匯合時(shí),每孔分別定量加入 pGL3-SM22-Luc或 pGL3-control-Luc(陽性對(duì)照)或 pGL3-enhancer(陰性對(duì)照)0.8 μg和pRL-TK內(nèi)參照質(zhì)粒0.1 μg,按照DNA(μg):脂質(zhì)體(μL)為 1:4 的比例轉(zhuǎn)染 VSMCs,4 h 后換液,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h。
報(bào)告基因活性檢測(cè):轉(zhuǎn)染24 h后按照雙熒光素酶(Luc)報(bào)告基因檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)試劑說明裂解細(xì)胞,檢測(cè)Luc活性。分別計(jì)算Firefly Luc/Rellina Luc的比值,以pGL3-control-Luc和pGL3-enhance轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞作為對(duì)照,比較判斷pSM22的啟動(dòng)活性。
CHO細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)染:按照轉(zhuǎn)染試劑說明,轉(zhuǎn)染前一天接種合適密度的細(xì)胞至10 cm細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿,24 h后待細(xì)胞長至 90%匯合時(shí),按照 DNA(μg):脂質(zhì)體(μL)為 1:1.3的比例分別轉(zhuǎn)染 pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)、pGL3-control和pGL3-SCAP至CHO細(xì)胞,于4 h后換液,36~48 h后提取細(xì)胞總mRNA和胞漿蛋白。
Real-time PCR檢測(cè)SCAP基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄:將CHO細(xì)胞的總 RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為 cDNA,設(shè)計(jì)兩對(duì)引物,倉鼠 β-actin引物 F4、R4和倉鼠 SCAP引物 F5、R5(表1)進(jìn)行real-time PCR,根據(jù)結(jié)果進(jìn)行相對(duì)定量分析。
Western blotting檢測(cè) SCAP蛋白的表達(dá):收集細(xì)胞提取胞漿蛋白后,50 μg/孔上樣量進(jìn)行5%和 8% SDS-PAGE電泳,分離 SCAP和 β-actin,轉(zhuǎn)膜后以5%的脫脂奶粉于TBST中室溫封閉1 h,然后用相應(yīng)的一抗和二抗進(jìn)行雜交,最后用 ECL顯色。
圖1 pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建Fig.1 Construction of plasmid pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N).
由于巢式PCR獲得的pSM22 PCR產(chǎn)物可以以正反兩種方向插入到pMD18-T中,所以需用酶切的方法挑選出所需方向的克隆,即BamHⅠ和Kpn I位點(diǎn)位于pSM22上游的T-SM22質(zhì)粒。如果插入方向與預(yù)期相符,用Spe I和Hind Ⅲ雙酶切克隆質(zhì)粒即得到約4.4 kb和460 bp的兩條片段(圖2)。由于BamHⅠ和BglⅡ是同尾酶,當(dāng)pSM22以這兩個(gè)酶從pEGFP-SM22中切出,插入由BglⅡ單酶切的pGL3-SCAP質(zhì)粒時(shí),也會(huì)出現(xiàn)正反方向兩種插入形式。用酶切的方法挑選出所需方向的克隆,即選出BglⅡ和BamHⅠ的粘末端連接位于pSM22的上游,BglⅡ和BglⅡ粘末端的連接位于下游的克隆為目的質(zhì)粒,如果插入方向與預(yù)期相符,用 BamHⅠ和 BglⅡ雙酶切就可得到4.3 kb和5.0 kb兩條酶切片段(圖3)。
對(duì)質(zhì)粒 T-SM22和 pGL3-SM22-SCAP中的pSM22及 SCAP序列進(jìn)行全長測(cè)序,結(jié)果表明pSM22與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[5]的序列同源性達(dá) 99%,SCAP與購買于ATCC的質(zhì)粒pTK-HSV-SCAP-T7(D443N)中的 SCAP序列一致并存在 SCAP第 1327個(gè)堿基G→A的突變,即第443個(gè)密碼子天冬氨酸(D)→天冬酰胺(N)的突變(圖4)。
Luc測(cè)定結(jié)果顯示,SM22在VSMCs中具有啟動(dòng)子活性。pGL3-enhancer陰性對(duì)照的測(cè)定值為0.23,pGL3-control-Luc的陽性對(duì)照值為 0.88(P<0.05 vs pGL3-enhancer),pGL3-SM22-Luc的測(cè)定值為 1.21(P<0.05 vs pGL3-enhancer)(圖5)。
設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)參β-actin引物F4、R4和SCAP引物F5、R5(表1)進(jìn)行real-time PCR。結(jié)果顯示,轉(zhuǎn)染SCAP(D443N)的 T組與轉(zhuǎn)染 pGL3-control的C1組和轉(zhuǎn)染pGL3-SCAP的C2組比較,SCAP mRNA表達(dá)均有明顯的提高。T組與C1組比較SCAP mRNA有22倍的升高(P<0.05),兩者有顯著性差異(圖6)。
圖2 T-SM22的雙酶切鑒定Fig.2 Characterization of T-SM22 by enzyme digestion.1:DNA marker; 2: T-SM22 digested with Hind III and Spe I; 3:T-M22 plasmid.
圖3 pGL3-SM22-SCAP的雙酶切鑒定Fig.3 Characterization of pGL3-SM22-SCAP by enzyme digestion.1: DNA marker; 2: pGL3-SM22-SCAP plasmid; 3:pGL3-SM22-SCAP digested with BamH I and Bgl II.
圖4 SCAP基因測(cè)序Fig.4 Sequencing of SCAP.
利用Western blotting技術(shù),以β-actin作為內(nèi)參,檢測(cè)分別轉(zhuǎn)染了 pGL3-control、pGL3-SCAP及pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)的CHO細(xì)胞的SCAP蛋白表達(dá)。正常條件下,CHO細(xì)胞中有少量正常SCAP的蛋白表達(dá),但在轉(zhuǎn)染了 pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)后,SCAP蛋白超表達(dá),表達(dá)量明顯高于對(duì)照組(圖7)。
圖5 雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因檢測(cè)pSM22啟動(dòng)子活性Fig.5 Promoter activity of pSM22 detected by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay.NC: transfected with pGL3-enhancer; T:transfected with pGL3-SM22-Luc; PC: transfected with pGL3-control-Luc.*P<0.05 compared with NC group.
圖6 SCAP mRNA的real-time PCR結(jié)果Fig.6 SCAP mRNA level examined by real-time PCR.C1:CHO cells transfected with pGL3-control; C2: CHO cells transfected with pGL3-SCAP; T: CHO cells transfected with pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N).*P<0.05 compared with C1 group.
圖7 Westem blotting檢測(cè)pGL3-SM22-SCAP在CHO細(xì)胞中的蛋白表達(dá)Fig.7 Expression of SCAP protein in CHO cells(Western blotting).1: CHO cells transfected with pGL3-control; 2: CHO cells transfected with pGL3-SCAP; 3: CHO cells transfected with pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N).
正常生理?xiàng)l件下,由于SCAP能敏感地感受到細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂質(zhì)的變化,從而有效地控制細(xì)胞膽固醇的合成和攝取,防止泡沫細(xì)胞的形成。然而,在受外界因素如炎癥的刺激下,SCAP和SREBP的表達(dá)異常增加,以致沒有足夠的內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)滯留分子,如Insig-1來鎖住SCAP,導(dǎo)致即使在高細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇濃度的情況下,仍然運(yùn)載SREBP到高爾基體內(nèi)裂解激活,并激活其下游靶基因LDL受體和HMG CoA還原酶的表達(dá),導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞(如 VSMCs,腎臟系膜細(xì)胞)無控制地?cái)z取和合成LDL膽固醇,形成泡沫細(xì)胞[3,6]。當(dāng)?shù)?443個(gè)密碼子存在點(diǎn)突變的 SCAP即 SCAP(D443N)存在于細(xì)胞內(nèi)時(shí),細(xì)胞將完全打破胞外膽固醇的負(fù)反饋調(diào)節(jié),SCAP(D443N)不受限制地運(yùn)載SREBP2至細(xì)胞核[4]。因此選擇將SCAP(D443N)過表達(dá)于細(xì)胞內(nèi)將更有利于泡沫細(xì)胞的生成。
平滑肌特異蛋白 SM22是一種在平滑肌中含量豐富的蛋白。將 SM22進(jìn)行克隆后發(fā)現(xiàn),它可以顯著地表達(dá)于體外的不同系統(tǒng),而與這種泛宿主性表達(dá)不同的是,SM22在體內(nèi)同其他平滑肌標(biāo)志蛋白一樣嚴(yán)格特異地表達(dá)于平滑肌細(xì)胞,而本實(shí)驗(yàn)所構(gòu)建質(zhì)粒中的pSM22啟動(dòng)子包含了從SM22的轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點(diǎn)至其上游?446 bp的序列,這一區(qū)域介導(dǎo)了它在體內(nèi)動(dòng)脈平滑肌上的特異性表達(dá)[5]。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí) pSM22在 VSMCs中具有啟動(dòng)子活性。由于VSMCs為原代培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞,轉(zhuǎn)染效率有限,且細(xì)胞本身 SCAP含量豐富,不利于質(zhì)粒的表達(dá)鑒定。而CHO細(xì)胞作為脂代謝相關(guān)基因的低背景細(xì)胞廣泛運(yùn)用于脂代謝的研究[7-8],鑒于pSM22在體外細(xì)胞的泛宿主性及SCAP(D443N)來源于突變的CHO細(xì)胞系,本實(shí)驗(yàn)構(gòu)建了由pSM22啟動(dòng)SCAP(D443N)的真核表達(dá)質(zhì)粒瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染于野生型的CHO細(xì)胞,進(jìn)行表達(dá)鑒定。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)染后的CHO細(xì)胞內(nèi)SCAP mRNA及蛋白的表達(dá)量都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于未轉(zhuǎn)染組,證實(shí)構(gòu)建的真核表達(dá)質(zhì)粒能夠正常表達(dá)于體外細(xì)胞。結(jié)合質(zhì)粒酶切鑒定及測(cè)序結(jié)果表明質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建成功。
由于 SCAP(D443N)的特殊生物學(xué)功能,pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)質(zhì)粒的成功構(gòu)建對(duì)于進(jìn)一步在體內(nèi)研究 SCAP的各種調(diào)節(jié)功能及其在動(dòng)脈硬化發(fā)生的作用具有重要意義;同時(shí)也為下一步采用原核微注射技術(shù)[9-10]得到動(dòng)脈平滑肌 SCAP(D443N)特異表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠提供了材料。
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Construction of pGL3-SM22-SCAP(D443N)eukaryotic expression vector and its expression in CHO cells
Yuanyuan Wang1, Jieli Hu1, Jing Cui1, Ailong Huang1, Xiongzhong Ruan1,2, and Yaxi Chen1
1 Center for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital,Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China 2 Center for Nephrology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
Received:July 25, 2009;Accepted:September 29, 2009
Supported by:National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30772295, 30871159, 30971389, 30530360), Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.2008BA5016).
Corresponding author:Yaxi Chen and Xiongzhong Ruan.Tel: +86-23-68486780; Fax: +86-23-68486780; E-mail: zlcyxi@sina.com國家自然科學(xué)基金(Nos.30772295, 30871159, 30971389, 30530360),重慶市自然科學(xué)基金(No.2008BA5016)資助。