夏玲芳
“強調”是英語語言當中慣用手法,其目的是要突出就被強調部分的重要性。這種手法甚多,本文對詞匯強調做一簡單的小結如下:
1. do 作為助動詞除了可以用在疑問句和否定句以外,還可以用在動詞原形前起強調作用。注意:助動詞的時態(tài)與形式要隨句子的時態(tài)和人稱的變化而變化,原句子中的動詞要用原形。
I do miss you.
我非常想念你。
She did pass the English test.
英語考試她真的及格了。
Do see our teacher.
一定去看我們老師。
2. 常在形容詞和副詞的比較級前加much, still, far, a lot, by far, a little, a great deal起強調作用。
It sounds much worse. 這聽起來更糟糕。
George is a great deal taller than Kim.
喬治比吉姆高得多。
He works by far harder than his brother.
他比弟弟工作認真的多。
3. 反身代詞himself, themselves, yourselves, herself等用在被強調的詞之后。
She herself is an English teacher.
她本人是英語老師。
You yourself did it. 這是你自己的事。
He says hell do it himself.
他說他將自己辦好這件事。
4. ever常與疑問詞which, who, when, where, how連用起加強語氣的作用,有“到底;究竟”之意。
What ever are you doing?你到底在干什么?
Which ever do you want to buy?
你究竟要買哪一個?
When ever can I get my dictionary?
究竟何時才能給我的字典呢?
5. 介詞短語on earth, in the world, in the heaven, under the sun, in nature, in hell放在疑問詞之后可譯為“到底;究竟”等之意,起強調之意。
Who on earth do you like? 你到底喜歡誰?
Where in the world did you go?
你究竟去哪兒了?
What under the sun did you do it for?
你究竟為什么做那件事呢?
6. 詞組and that 可以強調句子后面的詞或詞組。
He can speak English and that very well.
他會講英語而且講得很好。
He have finished the article, and that excellent.
7. even,表示“甚至”,可以和副詞、形容詞、動詞、名詞、介詞連用,通常應放在被修飾詞語之前。
Even now he didnt find out the event.
甚至到現(xiàn)在他還沒發(fā)現(xiàn)真相。
He works even on the weekends.
他甚至在周末都上班。
She left him without even a word of explanation. 她甚至連一句解釋的話都沒有就離開了。
8. if a day (a yard, an inch, a man, etc)表示“無論怎么樣……一定”,強調一個人的年齡,身高,以及路程,數(shù)量等。
She measures six feet, if an inch.
她的的確確六英尺高。
He is sixty, if a day.
無論怎樣他都60歲了。
Ive come three miles, if a yard.
我至少已走了三英里了。
9. alone表示“僅僅”,放在名詞和代詞之后。
He alone can do it. 只有他才做得了。
He lives by vegetables alone.
他僅靠吃蔬菜度日。
10. only“唯一的,僅僅,才”,常位于所修飾的名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或從句前。
John is the only person who can read my mind. 約翰是惟一真正看透我心事的人。
At present we can only wait and see.
目前我們只好等一等看。
Only at home, does my uncle say I am able.
只有在家,我叔叔才說我很能干。
11. just“正好;恰好”,放在系動詞和助動詞之后,名詞和實義動詞之前。
It is his birthday; he is just ten years old.
今天是他生日, 他正好10歲。
Its just three oclock. 正好是三點鐘。
He came just as I was leaving.
我正要離開時,他來了。
12. really“的確,真正地”,用來加強語氣。
Did she really say that? 她真的那么說了?
Its really surprising. 這確實讓人驚訝。
Are you really happy, or are you smiling to be nice to me? 你真的高興呢,還是僅僅微笑表示對我友好?
13. very表示程度的極限,用來強調所指示的東西的重要性; 相當于mere, 意為“僅僅,只要”;“真的,真正的,真實的”。
The very essence of artistic expression is invention. 藝術表現(xiàn)最基本的一點是創(chuàng)造。
Your very presence will do.
你只要出席一下就可以了。
Is she your very daughter?
她是你的親生女兒嗎?
參考文獻:
1.歐陽敏“淺談英語‘強調的手段”,《中小學英語教學與研究》2009年第5期
2.吳桂蘭“用詞匯表示強調”,《大學英語》1998年第1期
3.姜晶“形容詞very用法探微”,《中小學英語教學與研究》2009年第6期