一般過去時大盤點

姜經(jīng)志

①Many years ago, there was a doctor in a small town. He was good and kind. At any time of the day and night, he was always ready to go and help the sick people. ②Everyone in the town liked him and people always went to see him when there was something wrong with them.

After many years the doctor became old. He began to lose his memory(記憶力), so he often forgot things. ③When people noticed(注意到) this, they did not go to see him any more.

④“He may give us the wrong medicine,” they said, and they were afraid(害怕) of that. But he did not understand why. So he asked why no one came to see him then. No one wanted to tell him the real reason(原因) because they did not want to make the old man unhappy.

①Many years ago, there was a doctor in a small town.

[解析]此句為be動詞的一般過去時。該句意為:許多年前,在一座小城鎮(zhèn)里有一位醫(yī)生。

[歸納]當我們想要表示在過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)時,應(yīng)用一般過去時。

be 動詞的一般過去式的兩種形式是was與were。was是am, is的過去式;were是are的過去式,所以be動詞的一般過去時有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

肯定句:主語+was/were+表語+其它成分。

否定句:主語+was/were+not+表語+其它成分。

一般疑問句:Was/Were+主語+表語+其它成分?

肯定回答:Yes, 主語+was/were.

否定回答:No, 主語+wasnt/werent.例如:

I was late yesterday morning. 昨天上午我遲到了。

Li Ming and Li Mei were not here this morning. 今天上午李明和李梅不在這兒。

——Were you at school yesterday? 昨天你在學(xué)校嗎?

——Yes, I was./No, I wasnt. 是的,我在。/不,我不在。

——Were they all here half an hour ago? 半小時前他們都在這里嗎?

——Yes, they were./No, they werent. 是的,他們在。/不,他們不在。

[拓展與延伸]一般過去時的時間狀語有哪些?

一般過去時有著明確的表示過去的時間狀語,只要認準了它,就可以判定謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去式。一般過去時常見的時間狀語有:

(1)句中有表示明確的過去時間yesterday 或yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 等。例如:

——Was he there yesterday? 昨天他在那兒嗎?

——Yes, he was./No, he wasnt. 是的,他在。/不,他不在。

(2)由“時間段+ago”構(gòu)成的短語,如:a moment ago(剛才), half an hour ago(半小時前), three days ago(三天前)等。例如:

He went to school ten minutes ago. 十分鐘前他去上學(xué)了。

(3)由“l(fā)ast+時間狀語”構(gòu)成的過去時間短語,如:last night/week/month/year/spring等。例如:

Was she at work last night? 昨晚她在上班嗎?

(4)由before構(gòu)成的介詞短語,或句中出現(xiàn)一些表示過去時間的固定詞語,如:the day before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才), once(從前)等。例如:

Where were you the day before yesterday? 前天你在哪里?

(5)句子中有“介詞+表示過去的年月日”,如:in 2005; on May 15, 2009等。例如:

I was born in 1995. 我出生于1995年。

(6)沒有明顯的時間狀語,但句子表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,此時也有often, always 等頻度副詞表示的時間狀語。例如:

He was often late for school last term. 上學(xué)期他經(jīng)常上學(xué)遲到。

②Everyone in the town liked him and people always went to see him when there was something wrong with them.

[解析]此句為實義動詞的一般過去時,liked為動詞like的過去式。該句意為:小鎮(zhèn)上的人都喜歡他,當他們生病時,總是到他那兒去看病。

[歸納]實義動詞的過去式,其變化分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種。

規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成:

1. 一般在動詞原形末尾加-ed。如:look→looked, watch→watched等;

2. 以e結(jié)尾的動詞末尾只加-d, 如:like→liked, hope→hoped等;

3. 末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加-ed。如:plan(計劃)→planned, stop→stopped等;

4. 結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”的動詞,先將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”,再加-ed。如:carry→carried, worry→worried, study→studied等。

[特別提醒]結(jié)尾是“元音字母+y”的動詞,變?yōu)檫^去式時直接在詞尾加-ed。如:play→played, stay→stayed等。

[拓展與延伸]一般過去時主要有以下幾種用法:

1. 表示在過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:

Lin Tao went to school at 7:00 this morning. 林濤今天早上七點去上學(xué)。

Her mother was ill last night. 昨晚她母親生病了。

2. 表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。例如:

Liu Fang always went to school by bus last term. 上學(xué)期劉芳一直乘公共汽車上學(xué)。

3. 表示已故的人所做的事情。例如:

Lei Feng did good deeds in his life. 雷鋒做了一生的好事。

Lu Xun wrote many great works. 魯迅生前寫過許多不朽的作品。

4. 表示過去所發(fā)生的一系列的動作。例如:

He came into the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.

他走進屋,打開燈,然后坐在桌旁。

Mr Brown got up at six oclock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, and went to work by bike. 布朗先生今天早上六點起床、穿衣服、吃飯,然后騎自行車去上班了。

③When people noticed this, they did not go to see him any more.

[解析]該句為實義動詞的一般過去時的否定形式。句意為:當人們注意到這一點,他們不再去他那兒看病了。

[歸納]實義動詞在一般過去時的各種句式(包括各種答語)中的用法同一般現(xiàn)在時,但沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,即:do/does→did。請看:

She worked in the office last year. (改為一般疑問句,并作肯定和否定回答)

→——Did she work in an office last year?

——Yes, she did./No, she didnt.

I watched TV last night. (改為否定句)

→I didnt watch TV last night.

[拓展與延伸]在肯定句中,謂語動詞要用過去式(實義動詞的過去式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化);但是改為否定句時,要把謂語動詞改為“didnt+動詞原形”;改為一般疑問句時在句首加助動詞did, 句中的動詞也要改為原形;改為特殊疑問句時,將疑問詞放在句首,句中要使用助動詞,句中的動詞要使用原形,但當疑問詞作主語時,則無須使用did, 句中的動詞仍使用其過去式。例如:

They played football yesterday afternoon. (肯定句)

→They didnt play football yesterday afternoon. (否定句)

→Did they play football yesterday afternoon? (一般疑問句)

→When did they play football? (特殊疑問句)

→Who played football yesterday afternoon? (特殊疑問句)

④“He may give us the wrong medicine,” they said…

[解析]said是動詞say的過去式,它是一個不規(guī)則變化。該句意為:“他可能會給我們拿錯藥,”他們說。

[歸納]動詞過去式不規(guī)則變化常見的有以下幾點:

1. 原形和過去式相同的有:let, put, read 等。

2. 過去式含aught或ought的動詞共有5個,是aught還是ought, 請看動詞原形。若原形中第一個元音是a, e, 這個單詞的過去式則是aught; 若第一個元音字母是i或u,這個單詞的過去式則是ought。例如:

catch→caught, teach→taught, buy→bought, bring→brought, think→thought

3. 過去式含ould 的單詞共有3個,can, will, 從第一個元音字母開始變化。例如:

can→could, will→would, shall→should

4. 原形含ow或aw的動詞,則變?yōu)閑w。例如:

know→knew, grow→grew, throw→threw, draw→drew, 特例show→showed

5. 含ee, eep或eel的動詞,則變成ept或elt, 或去掉一個e即成過去式。例如:

feel→felt, sleep→slept, keep→kept, sweep→swept, meet→met

6. <1>含i或a的動詞,在開音節(jié)中,過去式變i 或a為o即成。 例如:

write→wrote, drive→drove, ride→rode, wake→woke

<2>含i 或u的動詞,在閉音節(jié)中,過去式常把i 或u變成a即成。例如:

sit→sat, swim→swam, drink→drank, ring→rang, sink(下沉)→sank, run→ran, give→gave特例win(獲勝)→won

7. 以d結(jié)尾的部分動詞,過去式則是把d變成t即成。例如:

build→built, lend→lent, spend→spent

8. 原形含ay的動詞,則變?yōu)閍id。例如:

say→said, pay→paid