淺談虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法

朱　佳

語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)所表現(xiàn)出的態(tài)度和看法。英語(yǔ)中有三種語(yǔ)氣，即陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在英語(yǔ)中較常見(jiàn)，表示人的主觀愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)之意，是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。下面試對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一些用法作以介紹。

1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，其主句、從句的時(shí)態(tài)如下：

例句: ①If I were you，I would help you.

② If you were to come tomorrow，I would giveyoua book.

③ Ifhe had studied hard ,he would have succeeded.

這里需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是：首先，當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)中含有助動(dòng)詞had, should或were時(shí)，有時(shí)可省略從句中的if，然后將had, should或were移到主語(yǔ)之前。如上面句②可變?yōu)椋篧ere you to come tomorrow,I would give you a book.或者可以表達(dá)為：Should you come tomorrow, I would give him a book. 句③可變?yōu)椋篐ad he worked hard , he would have succeeded.

其次，如果主句和從句所描述的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，其動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間而定，所用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣要用混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：If it had rained last night , it would be very cold today.

第三，含蓄虛擬條件句即不用條件句而是用介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)表示假設(shè)情況的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。如：Without him ，the question couldnt have been solved in a short time.

2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，其動(dòng)詞形式如下：

例句：① I wish I were you.

② I wish it would rain tomorrow.

③He wished he hadnt done it.

3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在as if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中，意為“好像”。

例句：①She loved the child as if he were her own.(方式狀語(yǔ)從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)

②It looked as if he hadnt cheated in the exam.(表語(yǔ)從句，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)

4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在It′stime 引導(dǎo)的從句中，意為“該是做什么的時(shí)候了”。

例句：①It is the first time I went there.

②It is time you watchedTV.

5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在would rather, would sooner等引導(dǎo)的從句中, 動(dòng)詞采用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式，意為“寧愿做什么”。

例句：①I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.

6.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在 insist 和 suggest 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示建議、要求或命令之意。

例句： ①She insisted that she had read thatbook.

②The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.

總之，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法并非沒(méi)有規(guī)律可循，只要學(xué)生掌握了其正確的表達(dá)方法，注意主句、從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，就能在考試中做到萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。

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