如何做好動詞類和定語從句類試題

洪明霞

很多英語學(xué)習(xí)者花費(fèi)了很大的精力學(xué)習(xí)英語，但由于沒有掌握英語學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律，沒有使用良好的學(xué)習(xí)方法，從而走入了學(xué)習(xí)誤區(qū)，結(jié)果是學(xué)習(xí)的時間很長，水平卻總不見長。學(xué)習(xí)中汗水是必不可少的，但掌握學(xué)習(xí)語言的規(guī)律和解題的技巧常常起到事半功倍的效果。

英語動詞類試題在高考試卷單項(xiàng)填空題中占較大的比例，考生也很容易失分。做這類試題時，一定要先判斷將要選用的動詞形式是做什么成分―是謂語還是非謂語？如果是做謂語，就要選用合適的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等；如果做非謂語，首先要判斷它是做謂語之外的什么成分，再根據(jù)非謂語在做不同成分時的區(qū)別進(jìn)行判斷和選擇。

1.Can those ___________________at the back of the classroom hear me? (2008福建卷33)

A.seat B.sit

C.seated D.sat

答案C。本題不能誤選A或B，不能以為是can后接動詞原形做謂語。本題的謂語是hear，所以根據(jù)意思，這兒應(yīng)該是非謂語動詞做定語，修飾主語those。注意：seat做定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語時應(yīng)該用過去分詞seated，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞seating。再如：

Please remain ___________________ ; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.(2008遼寧卷31)

A.seating B.seated

C.to seat D.to be seated

答案：B。

2.Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made ___________________in the restaurant.(2008山東卷35)

A.working B.work

C.to work D.worked

答案A。本題不能選C或D。這兒是現(xiàn)在分詞做時間狀語，相當(dāng)于when she was working，意思是“露西新工作的報酬是她在餐館工作時的兩倍?！?/p>

3.We finished the run in less than half the time ___________________ .(2008江西卷28)

A.allowing B.to allow

C.allowed D.allows

答案C。本題是過去分詞做定語，表示被動，意思是“被允許的時間”。不能誤選B，不能以為這兒是時間名詞后用不定式做定語。time后用不定式作定語時，含義是“做某事的時間”。如：

—Id like Mary to type the report.

—Dont trouble her.She___________________ have no time___________________ it before she leaves.

A.must; to finish B.must; finishing

C.would; to finish D.would; finishing

答案A。

4.He was busy writing a story, only ___________________once in a while to smoke a cigarette.(2008遼寧卷27)

A.to stop B.stopping

C.to have stopped D.having stopped

答案B。分詞作狀語表示補(bǔ)充說明。不能選A或C。非謂語動詞作狀語表示意外結(jié)果時用不定式，常用only修飾。如：

The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ___________________the film stars had left.(2004福建27)

A.to tell B.to be told

C.telling D.told

答案B。

5.I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through.Her brother ___________________on the phone all the time! (2008湖南卷32)

A.was talking B.has been talking

C.has talked D.talked

答案A。不能選D。表示過去某段時間一直進(jìn)行的動作用過去進(jìn)行時；一般過去時表示在過去時間發(fā)生或完成了的動作。本題的意思是“我昨晚給漢納打了好幾次電話，但一直打不通，因?yàn)樗艿芤恢痹谟秒娫挕！?/p>

6.By the time he realizes he ___________________into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.(2008山東卷25)

A.walks B.walked

C.has walked D.had walked

答案C。by the time引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，用現(xiàn)在完成時表示到將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作。

7.—Did you go to the show last night?

—Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area ___________________invited.(2008陜西卷15)

A.were B.have been

C.has been D.was

答案D。every…and every…, each…and each…, no…and no…結(jié)構(gòu)作主語用單數(shù)謂語。

做從句類試題時應(yīng)該先判斷是什么從句，再根據(jù)各個連詞引導(dǎo)不同從句的用法進(jìn)行選擇。切忌不知道是何種從句就麻木選擇而導(dǎo)致失誤。做定語從句試題時要判斷關(guān)系詞在從句中做何種成分，如果關(guān)系詞做的是主語、賓語、表語、定語則選關(guān)系代詞，如果是做狀語則選關(guān)系副詞。

8.The Science Museum, ___________________we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.(2008江蘇卷24)

A.which B.what

C.that D.where

答案A。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。不能選B，不能以為what可以做賓語就誤選B，因?yàn)閣hat只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，而這里是非限制性定語從句。D選項(xiàng)不正確是因?yàn)閣here引導(dǎo)定語從句時是關(guān)系副詞，定語從句中visit是及物動詞，它需要賓語。

9.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ___________________consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(2008江西卷35)

A.where B.when

C.who D.which

答案A。where(=in which)引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾cases，在從句中做狀語。不是修飾readers，所以不能選C。

10.Occasions are quite rare___________________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.(2008山東卷26)

A.who B.which

C.why D.when

答案D。when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間，修飾occasions(a particular time, especially when something happens or has happened), when在從句中作狀語。定語從句有時與先行詞會被分隔開來，要注意辨認(rèn)。

11.For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ___________________New York is an example.(2008四川卷4)

A.for which B.in which

C.of which D.from which

答案C。關(guān)系代詞前加什么介詞，要看關(guān)系代詞與從句中相關(guān)名詞之間的關(guān)系，或者看關(guān)系代詞與先行詞之間的關(guān)系。本題根據(jù)意思是看與an example之間的關(guān)系，指“紐約是沒有空間繼續(xù)發(fā)展的實(shí)例之一”，which指的是整個主句there is no room to spread out further這件事。又如：

We went through a period___________________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.(2008上海卷38)

A.which B.whose

C.in which D.with which

答案C。

12.Ill give you your friends home address, ___________________I can be reached most evenings.(2008北京卷28)

A.which B.when

C.whom D.where

答案D。定語從句中謂語用了被動語態(tài)can be reached，故不需要賓語，不選A，而選關(guān)系副詞where做地點(diǎn)狀語。

13.The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ___________________spoken in England.(2008全國I卷33)

A.which B.what

C.that D.the one

答案C。that用來替代上文出現(xiàn)的表示特指意義的名詞。本題不能選A或B，是因?yàn)閣hich與what都必須引導(dǎo)從句，而spoken是過去分詞，不能做謂語。spoken在這里做的是定語，修飾that。おお