高中英語書面表達(dá)講解與訓(xùn)練

寫作體裁訓(xùn)練: 1)記敘文; 2)描述文

考題的設(shè)置和要求:

教學(xué)大綱的要求:書面表達(dá)是考查學(xué)生是否能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)過的英語知識(shí)和掌握的技巧進(jìn)行思想交流，也就是說考查綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力。

試題的設(shè)置: 更貼近實(shí)際生活，與日常生活息息相關(guān)，讓考生有話可說，更能充分的考察出學(xué)生的語言交際能力。

考查目標(biāo)和要求:

要求考生根據(jù)所給情景，用英語寫一篇100個(gè)單詞左右的短文。(北京試卷要求字?jǐn)?shù)不少于60字)情景包括目的、對(duì)象、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容等;提供情景的形式有圖畫、圖表、提綱等。

近年來書面表達(dá)一覽表:

2003全國卷——寫信給你的朋友介紹為他找的住房情況

2003北京卷——記述一次配合迎奧運(yùn)宣傳學(xué)雷鋒活動(dòng)

2003春——向一外教請(qǐng)求有關(guān)選擇劇目方面的幫助，請(qǐng)他給予一些建議

2004北京卷——根據(jù)圖表說明學(xué)生的課外生活并談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?/p>

2005北京卷——寫信告訴美國學(xué)生Jeff來中國后的生活安排。

2005全國卷——給旅行社發(fā)電子郵件詢問有關(guān)旅游廣告的信息。

2006全國卷——根據(jù)圖表給英國朋友寫一封信，介紹你校圖書館的基本情況。

2007全國卷——根據(jù)提供的信息，為賓館寫一篇在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行宣傳的文章以吸引外國賓客。

2008全國卷——根據(jù)提供的要點(diǎn)為英國朋友Peter寫一封如何學(xué)好中文的回信。

出題方式:文字，表格，圖畫，圖表

出題趨勢(shì):敘述加議論，說明加議論

如何寫好情景寫作

1.認(rèn)真審題，確定體裁及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)或提綱(包括開頭點(diǎn)題句，中間具體內(nèi)容以及結(jié)尾，包括再現(xiàn)主題，感想和希望)。記敘往往和議論密不可分，說明也會(huì)包含于議論中，成為它的支撐論據(jù)。

2.再讀細(xì)節(jié)，確定人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、主要情節(jié)、句式等。尤其要考慮動(dòng)詞搭配(動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配)，相關(guān)同義詞或詞組(例如，visit， have a visit， pay a visit， on a visit to)。

3.成文(10句左右)，囊括要點(diǎn)，按照文體和篇章要求組織語篇。

4.潤色，注意措辭、復(fù)雜句式及承上啟下的自然銜接，校對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)。

寫作體裁練習(xí):

學(xué)習(xí)如何寫記敘文:

記敘文主要是記述所發(fā)生的事情和經(jīng)歷。常見的形式有:故事、傳記、游記、日記、新聞報(bào)道等。

記敘文的寫作要素:

1.要交代清楚五要素的內(nèi)容即:where， when， what， who， how。

2.事件可按時(shí)間或空間順序敘述。

3.時(shí)態(tài)通常是與過去有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。(如果是當(dāng)前的經(jīng)常性事件、自然、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，通常用與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。)

記敘文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu):

開頭the beginning——交代必要的背景。如:時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，人物等。

中間the middle——交代故事情節(jié)(事情的主體)。如:事件的發(fā)生，發(fā)展和前因后果。

結(jié)尾the ending——事情的結(jié)果或感想，愿望等(the result or feeling)

在記敘文中常用到的連接詞:

First…Then…Next…Finally

Some…Some…Others;

The boys…The girls…;

Some… The others…The rest of us/them….

時(shí)間順序:

Early in the morning/In the early morning;

In the middle of the day/At noon;

Late in the afternoon/In the late afternoon;

Far/Deep into the night;

In the past/At present/In the future;

First， second， next， then， finally;

At first， in the beginning; at last， in the end;

Shortly afterwards， at once， immediately， all of a sudden， suddenly， soon;

The moment…， as soon as， the first time…， not… until…， next time， before， after， etc;

2002年高考書面表達(dá)(北京卷)

你和李明參加一次野外生存訓(xùn)練。以下5幅圖畫表現(xiàn)了野外訓(xùn)練活動(dòng)的過程，請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖示寫一篇英文日記。

注意:

1.詞數(shù)100左右

2.日記的開頭與結(jié)尾已為你寫好。

生詞:指南針:compass 手電筒:flashlight 急救包:first-aid kit 宿營地:campsite

Saturday， May 4， 2002Cloudy

Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival programme yesterday， and it was one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school.

The two of us were to reach the campsite by evening. We set out early in the morning， eager to face the adventure. I was carrying a camp and a compass in my bag， while Li Ming loaded his with some bread， matches， candles， a map， a knife， a first-aid kit， a flashlight， and some clothes. We followed the marked route until we reached a brook. We had to swim across it， floating our supplies on a piece of wood in order to keep them dry. What’s worse， we lost sight of the signs on the other side of the brook! Thanks to the compass， we finally arrived at the campsite on time， and managed to make the camp and a fire.

The two of us spent the night in the forest. We learned to use knowledge gained in classroom training to solve problems in the field. It was quite an experience for us both， which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life.

如何寫描述文

描述文是把人物，事件，景觀，地點(diǎn)，環(huán)境等用語言生動(dòng)、形象地描繪出來。

描述人物:1)開頭要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)明的介紹(introduction)2)文章主體(main part)可按時(shí)間順序或事件的主次進(jìn)行描述3)結(jié)尾(conclusion)可進(jìn)行評(píng)論或談感受。

描述地點(diǎn):1)要準(zhǔn)確使用表示方位的詞及短語 2)描述地點(diǎn)的位置通常要從上到下，從里到外，從左到右，從遠(yuǎn)到近3)注意詳略。重點(diǎn)部分要突出，詳細(xì)描述。

學(xué)習(xí)并牢記下列常用短語和句型:

空間順序:at the front/back of something， with…in the centre/around a place; in front of， behind; next to， close to， in and around; on the left/right; in the south， in the west/east/north; on the other side/opposite side of， inside， outside; where etc;

常用短語和句型:

方位

1. There is a tall shelf on the left of my room.(on the right of， in the front of， near the window)

2. Above the bed， there is a large painting of the blue sea. (on the right of the room)

3. Next to it is a bed. (in front of it， at the back of， in the middle of， to the right of)

4. They are opposite the door. (on the left/right of the room)

5. The office building is in the east of the campus.(in the south of， to the west of， in front of， behind， at the back of )

6. The monument， which was built in 1894， stands in the center of the square.

路線

1. When you come out of…(get to…reach…)

2. Cross the street (river) (keep walking along…walk down…)

3. Turn right at the end of Bridge Street into Riverside Road. (the second traffic lights， the first crossing)

4. Take the first turning on your left.

5. Go straight on to the traffic light and then turn right.

6. You'll see(find) it next to the cinema.

描寫國家，城市狀況等

1. China is located in Asia. (be situated…be surrounded by， lie to the east of )

2. It covers a huge area of 9，600 000 square kilometers.

3. The population of this city is 100，000.

2003年高考書面表達(dá)

假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國筆友Bob將在9月到你所在城市的建新華文學(xué)校學(xué)中文，來信請(qǐng)你在學(xué)校附近為他找一套住房。請(qǐng)根據(jù)畫面提供的信息，寫信介紹住房的情況，并告之住房面積為25平方米，月租500元。

注意:1. 詞數(shù) 100左右;2. 房租rent

Dear Bob，

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

Possible version:

Dear Bob，

I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming in September. I’ve found a place for you. It’s a small flat of 25 square meters， with a bedroom， a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed， a sofa， a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street， which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact， it’s only one stop. Do you think you’d like it? If not， I can try and find another place for you. Just let me know.

Yours，

Li Hua