透視短語動詞中考考點

縱觀各地的中考英語試題，有關短語動詞的考題比比皆是，主要涉及時態(tài)和語態(tài)、詞語辨析、非謂語形式等。英語中的短語動詞在意義上視作一個整體看待，當作一個普通的實義動詞使用。其構成方式一般有以下六類。

一、動詞+介詞型:常見的有l(wèi)ook for， look after， send for， ask for， laugh at， hear of/from等，這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。例如:

Mrs Green is out. I have to ____ her baby. (2008北京市中考題)

A. look aroundB. look up

C. look forD. look after

【答案與簡析】選D。look after意為“照看”，前面的is out即指“孩子的媽媽不在”。注意有些動詞后還因跟不同的介詞而意義有變。如:agree with sb. “同意、支持某人(觀點)”，agree to sth.“同意某事”; be strict with sb.“對某人要求嚴格”， be strict in sth.“對某事要求嚴格”等。

二、動詞+副詞+介詞型:常見的有come up with， get on with， catch up with等。這類動詞短語的賓語只能放在介詞的后面。例如:

After discussing， the students ____ some good ideas to work in the project.(2008陜西省中考題)

A. put upB. set up

C. caught upD. came up with

【答案與簡析】選D。come up with意為“想出(辦法)，得到(主意)等”。

三、動詞+名詞+介詞型:常見的有take care of， make use of， pay attention to， take part in等。這類動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后面。例如:

Alice is so nice that everyone likes to ____(交朋友).

(2008河北省邢臺市)

【答案與簡析】填make friends with。注意此時的with之類的介詞或副詞千萬不能遺棄。

四、動詞+副詞型:常見的有give up， pick up， think over， find out， hand in， point out等。注意:這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞的前面，又可放在副詞的后面;賓語如是人稱代詞、反身代詞，則放在動詞與副詞之間。例如:

The ticket is on the floor， please ____.(2008山東煙臺市中考題)

A. pick up itB. look forC. pick it upD. look it up

【答案與簡析】選C。pick up意為“拾起，撿”，代詞it須放在副詞前。

五、動詞+形容詞型:常見的有l(wèi)eave open， set free， cut open， take easy等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前面，也可放在后面;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前面。例如:

It has a strange smell in your room. You’d better keep the window ____.(2008重慶市)

A. openB. opens C. closes D. closed

【答案與解析】選A。四個選項中，A、D是形容詞，但D不合題意(屋子里有怪味應開窗)。

六、動詞+名詞型:常見的有do sports， take photos， take pride， make a mistake等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。例如:

——Would you please ____ this old man?

——Sure. Take my seat， please.(2008江蘇省揚州市)

A. prepare a room forB. make room for

C. give a room forD. take up room for

【答案與簡析】選B。四個選項中，A、C中的room作可數(shù)名詞，為“房間”，D不合題意，make room for sb.意為“給某人騰地方”，注意此時room為不可數(shù)名詞。

【鞏固練習】單項選擇。

1. He ____ the radio every morning.

A. listens toB. listensC. hears fromD. hears of

2. I think people here are friendly. Do you ____ me?

A. get along withB. agree withC. laugh atD. play with

3. Please ____ the TV. I’d like to watch the TV play.

A. turn upB. turn downC. turn onD. turn off

4. Don’t ____ your coat， Tom! It’s easy to catch a cold in spring.

A. take awayB. take offC. take downD. take out

5. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to ____ there are no mistakes.

A. look forB. think aboutC. find outD. make sure

6. ——Excuse me. Where is the Hualian Hotel?

——Take a No. 5 bus and ____ at the second stop.

A. get onB. get upC. get offD. get to

7. Both of his feet were hurt in the accident. ____ a doctor， please.

A. Send forB. Look forC. Wait forD. Care for

8. ——What is the police station’s telephone number?

——I can’t remember it. ____ in the telephone book， please.

A. Look it forB. Look it overC. Look it upD. Look at it

9. ——Thanks for ____ the ruler from the floor for me.

——That’s all right.

A. paying forB. playing withC. pointing toD. picking up

10. The doctor ____ Mary carefully. There was something wrong with her eyes.

A. looked upB. looked overC. looked forD. found out

11. Tom is ill in hospital and his mother is ____ him.

A. looking forB. looking overC. looking atD. looking after

12. ——Hello， can I speak to Mr. Green?

——____， please. He is coming.

A. Hold onB. Keep onC. Go onD. Come on

13. ——Look! The bus is coming.

——But there are too many people in it. I’m afraid we can’t ____ it.

A. get offB. get downC. get onD. get over

14. It’s really not easy to catch up with my classmates. Whenever I want to ____， my

teacher always encourages me to work harder.

A. go onB. turn downC. give back D. give up

15. Tom， please help me ____ the picture on the wall.

A. put upB. put outC. put off D. put into

16. The plane to Hong Kong ____ at this time of day.

A. gets toB. leaves forC. takes awayD. takes off

17. Could you tell me more about Shanghai? I’m ____ going there for a holiday soon.

A. looking upB. thinking aboutC. trying outD. finding out

18. ——____ all your things， Tom! I hate them here and there.

——OK， Mum.

A. Put upB. Put onC. Put downD. Put away

19. When the headmaster came into the hall， all the students ____ to welcome him.

A. sat downB. went outC. stood upD. turned up

20. Every morning， he ____ newspapers from house to house.

A. gets outB. sets upC. gives outD. puts off

Key:1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.C