ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ的用法

先看兩道小題:

1. Maria ____ shy， but now she is quite outgoing. She has made lots of friends.

(2006寧夏回族自治區(qū))

A. was used to be

B. is used to be

C. was used to being

D. used to be

2. While traveling to Canada， you should give yourself a day to ____ the timeand know the way nearby.

(2008哈爾濱市中考題)

A. used to

B. be used to

C. used to

答案為1.D， 2.B。這兩道題都測(cè)試了used to的用法，下面就讓我們來(lái)談?wù)勊挠梅?

1.used to意為“過(guò)去常?！?，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣、過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，它只能用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，常常表示過(guò)去跟現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行對(duì)比，表示過(guò)去的這樣的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)已不再存在了。如:

I used to go out for a walk after supper. 以前我晚飯后常出去散步。

I didn’t use to like Peking Opera， but now I am very fond of it.

我過(guò)去不喜歡京劇，但現(xiàn)在很喜歡。

2.used to后接動(dòng)詞原形，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)或數(shù)的變化。如:

He used to live here. 他過(guò)去住在這兒。

People used to think the earth was fat.

過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為地球是平的。

3.used to的否定式為used not to或didn’t use to。如:

She used not to have breakfast.

她過(guò)去常不吃早飯。

We usedn’t to like skating， but now I like it very much.

我們過(guò)去不喜歡滑冰，但現(xiàn)在很喜歡。

在否定句中常用never代替not。如:

You never used to live there.

過(guò)去你并不住那兒。

He never used to smoke as much.

他過(guò)去抽煙不多。

4.疑問(wèn)式把used與主語(yǔ)倒置，反意疑問(wèn)句也用used。如:

Used you to climb the old apple tree in the garden? 過(guò)去你經(jīng)常爬花園里的那棵老蘋(píng)果樹(shù)嗎?

You used to swim in winter， usedn’t you? 你過(guò)去常冬泳，對(duì)嗎?

現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人在口語(yǔ)或不太正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)中否定式、疑問(wèn)式或反意疑問(wèn)式常用與did連用的形式。如:

Did you use to go there?

你以往經(jīng)常去那兒?jiǎn)?

There used to be a church here， didn’t there? 以前這里有一座教堂，對(duì)嗎?

Your little sister didn’t use to go to school when it was rainy， did she? 你的小妹過(guò)去在下雨天就不去上學(xué)，對(duì)嗎?

5.相似區(qū)別

⑴used to與be used to

used to后接動(dòng)詞原形，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，只有一般過(guò)去時(shí)一種形式，構(gòu)成否定式和疑問(wèn)式可借助于used與did兩種形式，而be used to是后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，be動(dòng)詞有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，它有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式，構(gòu)成否定式和疑問(wèn)式借助于be。如:

I used to go to school by bike.

以前我騎自行車(chē)去上學(xué)。

He didn’t use to smoke as much as he does now. 他以前吸煙沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在多。

He wasn’t used to hard work.

他不習(xí)慣艱苦的工作。

Used he to be a Chinese teacher.

他以前是一個(gè)語(yǔ)文老師。

My parents are used to getting up early.

我的父母習(xí)慣早起。

Is your mother used to doing some washing on Sundays?

你媽媽習(xí)慣星期天洗衣服嗎?

⑵used to與would

兩者都表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣，但would有時(shí)要帶表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而used to不一定需要，would常表示一種帶有主觀意愿的動(dòng)作，而used to則著重于客觀因素。如:

Now and then a blackbird would call.

一只畫(huà)眉不時(shí)鳴叫。

That’s where I used to live.

那是我過(guò)去常住的地方。

He would spend much money in buying books. 他花很多錢(qián)買(mǎi)書(shū)。

When he lived by the river， he used to be ill. 當(dāng)他住在河邊時(shí)，常常生病。