一般現(xiàn)在時學(xué)習(xí)四要素
2009-01-01 00:00:00郝昌明
中學(xué)英語之友·下(綜合版) 2009年3期
一般現(xiàn)在時是中學(xué)英語重要語法，也是中考重要考點(diǎn)，學(xué)習(xí)時應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn):
一、掌握一般現(xiàn)在時的概念
一般現(xiàn)在時常表示現(xiàn)在持續(xù)性動作或存在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作，也可表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的特殊動作。
二、掌握一般現(xiàn)在時的用法
1.表示現(xiàn)在持續(xù)性動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
此時與之搭配的時間狀語有now， at present等。
He is a teacher now. 現(xiàn)在他是個教師。
She lives in Beijing at present.
目前她住在北京。
2.表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
此時與之搭配的時間狀語有often， sometimes， usually， always， seldom， in the morning， every day， on Sunday等。
He is always ready to help others.
他總是樂于助人。
The students have sports at five every afternoon.
同學(xué)們每天下午5:00進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動。
He is never late for school. 他上學(xué)從來不遲到。
3.表示不受時間限制的事實或普遍真理。
Three plus two is five. 3加2等于5。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比聲速度快。
A plane is faster than a car. 飛機(jī)比汽車快。
4.時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。
She’ll go to see him as soon as she arrives. 她一到達(dá)就去看他。
I will go there unless it rains. 除非天下雨，否則我會去那里。
5.賓語從句的主句用過去時態(tài)時，如果從句所述內(nèi)容是客觀真理，謂語動詞仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。
He said the earth is round. 他說地球是圓的。
The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east. 老師告訴學(xué)生太陽從東邊升起。
6.表示已安排或計劃好將來必定會發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
此時謂語動詞通常為be， come， go， arrive， leave， start等。
My birthday falls on May 2. 我的生日是5月2日。
The meeting is at 2:00 p.m. 下午2:00開會。
His ship leaves at 9:00 a.m. 他乘坐的輪船上午9:00起錨。
7.here， there開頭的句子常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作。
There goes the bell. Let’s hurry!鈴響了，快點(diǎn)!
Here comes the teacher. 老師來了。
三、熟悉一般現(xiàn)在時句型變換方法
當(dāng)一般現(xiàn)在時謂語動詞為is， am， are時，可將is， am， are提至句首變成一般疑問句;is， am， are后面加上not構(gòu)成否定句;構(gòu)成反意疑問句時應(yīng)保留is， am， are形式。當(dāng)一般現(xiàn)在時謂語動詞為一般實義動詞時，疑問句、否定句和反意疑問句的構(gòu)成應(yīng)借助于助動詞do， does， don’t， doesn’t來進(jìn)行。
Does he study very hard? 他學(xué)習(xí)很認(rèn)真嗎?
She isn’t a student now. 她現(xiàn)在不是學(xué)生。
She looks like a teacher， doesn’t she? 她看起來像教師，是嗎?
四、掌握一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別
一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時均表動作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在持續(xù)性動作或存在狀態(tài)，或現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，它所表示的時間概念較長，往往為時間段;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時則表示動作此刻正在進(jìn)行，它所表示的時間較短，實際上是一個時間點(diǎn)。
He is a teacher but he is not teaching in the classroom now.
目前他是一個教師，但他此刻不在教室上課。
He is playing football on the playground， but he is not a football player.
他正在操場上踢球，但他不是足球運(yùn)動員。
He likes to listen to music and he is listening to the radio.
他喜歡聽音樂，而此刻也正在聽收音機(jī)。
鞏固性練習(xí):
1. It seems that he often ____ in class.
A. speakB. speaksC. speakingD. will speak
2. At present he ____ a doctor.
A. isB. will beC. has beenD. had been
3. He ____ to school at six every day.
A. will goB. is goingC. goesD. has gone
4. ——How often ____ home?
——Every three weeks.
A. does he goB. will he goC. is he goneD. has he gone
5. Look!Here ____ the bus.
A. is comingB. will comeC. has comeD. comes
6. He likes English very much， ____ he?
A. doesB. willC. doesn’tD. won’t
7. Everybody knows that two and two ____ four.
A. isB. areC. will beD. has been
8. She hardly knows it， ____ she?
A. doesB. doesn’tC. doD. will
9. She told me the earth ____ bigger than the sun.
A. wasB. isC. seemedD. would be
10. It is said the train ____ at seven tomorrow evening.
A. leavesB. shall leaveC. has leftD. had left
11. We must be careful. Cotton ____ fire easily.
A. catchesB. will catchC. is catchingD. has caught
12. My mother ____ Mrs Lin quite well. They were introduced at a party.
A. is knowingB. was knowingC. knowsD. had been knowing
13. The World Cup usually ____ two years after the Olympics.
A. takes placeB. is taken placeC. holdsD. is holding
14. Mrs Brown’s daughter often ____ the popular music over the radio.
A. listenB. listeningC. listen toD. listens to
15. Our teacher told us that the moon ____ round the earth.
A. wentB. turnedC. goD. turns
16. The teacher said the sun ____ nine planets.
A. hasB. will haveC. is havingD. would have
17. If it ____ tomorrow， I’ll not go to Beijing.
A. rainB. rainsC. is rainingD. will rain
18. My father usually ____ TV far into the night.
A. will watchB. is watchingC. has watchedD. watches
19. The sun ____ in the east and sets in the west.
A. is risingB. will riseC. risesD. has risen
20. Mary ____ to watch the old woman’s clothes twice a week.
A. goesB. is goingC. has goneD. had gone
21. It is said that he ____ a computer now.
A. will haveB. would haveC. is havingD. has
22. I usually ____ up late.
A. am stayingB. will stayC. stayD. have stayed
23. My mother and I ____ free tomorrow.
A. are notB. have not beenC. will not beD. had not been
24. Half a century ____ fifty years.
A. is meaningB. has meantC. will meanD. means
25. James usually ____ morning exercise， but this morning he did.
A. does not doB. will not doC. is not doingD. has not done
Key:1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.A 21.D 22.C 23.C 24.D 25.A
