高考英語(yǔ)對(duì)比類書(shū)面表達(dá)寫(xiě)作突破策略

陳金文

對(duì)比類寫(xiě)作已成為英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)中一個(gè)非常重要的形式。不管是在工作學(xué)習(xí)中，還是在日常生活中，對(duì)比是人們分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的重要方法和手段，這就不難理解為什么對(duì)比類寫(xiě)作是高考寫(xiě)作中的一個(gè)重要形式了。

【突破策略】

對(duì)比類寫(xiě)作一般有兩種方式：一是集中比較或?qū)Ρ龋姓f(shuō)明一個(gè)對(duì)象的諸種特征）；二是逐點(diǎn)比較或?qū)Ρ龋ㄒ粭l一條地說(shuō)明兩者的異同）。比類寫(xiě)作大致可以分為以下兩種：

一、今昔對(duì)比

在作今昔對(duì)比時(shí)，要注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化。在談到過(guò)去的情況時(shí)要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（主要是一般過(guò)去時(shí)），在談到現(xiàn)在的情況時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）。

今昔對(duì)比的寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)模式是：開(kāi)頭（提出什么事情發(fā)生了變化）→對(duì)具體事例作對(duì)比→結(jié)論。寫(xiě)作方式既可采用集中比較，也可采用逐點(diǎn)比較。在寫(xiě)作時(shí)可用以下句型來(lái)組織完成整篇文章：

1. 開(kāi)頭常用句型

(1) Great changes have taken place. 發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

Quite a few changes have taken place in my school since you left China.

Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life.

(2) Things have begun to improve since ... 自從……以來(lái)，事情有了好轉(zhuǎn) / 改善。

Things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.

2. 對(duì)比常用句型

(1)used to ... , but now...過(guò)去?！?，但是現(xiàn)在……

(2)... in the past, but now ... 在過(guò)去……，但是現(xiàn)在……

(3)once ... , but now ... 曾經(jīng)……，但是現(xiàn)在……

(4)Things are different now. 情況已大不同了。

(5)But now, everything has changed. 但是現(xiàn)在全變了。例如：

Where the playground used to be now stands another new building—our library.

My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home.

Once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and other programs on TV.

在作對(duì)比時(shí)，為避免句型重復(fù)，可適當(dāng)變換一些句式，比如：

(1)Another change is ...再有一個(gè)變化是……

Another big change is in the housing conditions.

(2)Whats more, ... 還有……

Whats more, I can go to bed earlier than in the past.

3. 結(jié)尾常用句型

In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.

2004年北京春季高考題范文

Changes In Our Life

Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life(主題句). Take my family for example(過(guò)渡句). My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home(對(duì)比一). And once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and other programs on TV(對(duì)比二). Another big change is in the housing conditions(過(guò)渡句). When they got married about twenty years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture, but now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment(對(duì)比三). In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience(總結(jié)句).

在寫(xiě)這類文章時(shí)，首先要寫(xiě)好主題句。同學(xué)們?cè)趯忣}時(shí)要把握全局，把全文要說(shuō)明的主題在第一句就交待清楚。然后根據(jù)所給材料，展開(kāi)今昔對(duì)比。對(duì)比時(shí)不要單調(diào)地使用同一句型，要稍有變化，并且中間要有恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡句。最后寫(xiě)好總結(jié)句，即你對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象作出自己的理解或判斷。

二、正反觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比

對(duì)同一件事情，人們常有不同的看法，即正反兩種觀點(diǎn)。在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。寫(xiě)作格式一般是：提出問(wèn)題→兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)→對(duì)兩種不同觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)（理由）逐項(xiàng)作對(duì)比。有時(shí)題目會(huì)要求說(shuō)出自己的觀點(diǎn)，可在結(jié)尾段加上自己的觀點(diǎn)并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明理由，最好不要重復(fù)前面已談到的理由。寫(xiě)作方式一般采用集中比較。在寫(xiě)作時(shí)可用以下句型來(lái)組織完成整篇文章：

正反觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比常用句型

(1)We have a discussion about ... 我們對(duì)……進(jìn)行了一次討論。

Weve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.

(2)We have had a survey on ...我們對(duì)……進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查。

Weve had a survey on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to schools.

(3)Opinions are divided on the question. 在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上意見(jiàn)有分歧。

(4)Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. 有兩種不同的意見(jiàn)。

(5)Others have different opinions. 其他人有不同的看法。

(6)Sixty percent of the students are for the idea, while forty percent of the students think otherwise. 有60%的學(xué)生支持這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，然而有40%的學(xué)生則不這樣認(rèn)為。

(7)Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to ... , but forty percent of the students dont think so. 60%的學(xué)生認(rèn)為……是必須的，而40%的學(xué)生則不這樣認(rèn)為。

(8)On the one hand, … on the other hand, …… 一方面……，另一方面……

在對(duì)某一觀點(diǎn)作進(jìn)一步論證時(shí)，可用下列句型：

(1)Whats more, ... 還有就是……

Whats more, we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the country where we study, as well as improve our English.

(2)Besides, ... 除此之外……

Some students cannot discipline themselves. Besides, its far too expensive to study abroad, which is a load to the family.

當(dāng)然在提出多個(gè)論據(jù)時(shí)，也可用First, ... Second, ... Third, ...來(lái)列舉論據(jù)。

2004湖北高考題范文

The students of Class 2 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood（提出問(wèn)題）.

Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood（觀點(diǎn)一）. As little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart. This will help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning（論據(jù)）.

But others do not agree（觀點(diǎn)二）. Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time, it will be very easy for them to mix them up. This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning（論據(jù)）. In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.

可以看出這類文章的寫(xiě)作，首先要提出問(wèn)題，即雙方討論的問(wèn)題。接下來(lái)提出觀點(diǎn)一，并用一系列的論據(jù)進(jìn)行闡明。說(shuō)明完觀點(diǎn)一之后，再提出觀點(diǎn)二，繼續(xù)用論據(jù)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。如果需要說(shuō)明自己的觀點(diǎn)，可接下來(lái)展開(kāi)表達(dá)。