聚焦“祈使句＋ａｎｄ＋陳述句”句型

閆繼權(quán)

2006年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（重慶卷）中有這樣一道單項選擇題：

____ and Ill get the work finished.

A. Have one more hour B. One more hour

C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour

解析：從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上看，并列連詞and連接了兩個分句，兩句間存在著一種順承關(guān)系，其中前一分句表示一種條件或假設(shè)，相當(dāng)于if條件狀語從句，后一分句表示一種結(jié)果或推論。換句話說，本題考查的是“祈使句+and+陳述句”句型，其中祈使句可轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞短語，故答案為B。

該句型不僅是高考的一個熱點考點，也在中學(xué)課本中頻頻出現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)將這一句型需要注意的問題及其變體形式介紹一下，供教師備課和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)時參考。

一、句型中陳述句的時態(tài)或語氣決定著祈使句表示的條件性質(zhì)

1.當(dāng)陳述句是一般將來時或一般現(xiàn)在時時，祈使句是真實條件句。例如：

Follow the advice of the doctor, and youll be well very soon.

解析：陳述句謂語部分為一般將來時，所以祈使句表示真實條件句（If you follow the advice of the doctor）。

Work hard, and you can make rapid progress in your study.

解析：陳述句謂語部分為一般現(xiàn)在時，所以祈使句表示真實條件句（If you work hard）。

2.當(dāng)陳述句的謂語動詞是would/should/could/might+動詞原形或完成體時，祈使句表示非真實條件句。例如：

Pass my house and you might return the book you borrowed.

解析：陳述句謂語部分為（might return），所以祈使句表示非真實條件句（If you should pass my house）。

Come tomorrow and I would tell you everything.

解析：陳述句謂語部分為（would tell），所以祈使句表示非真實條件句（If you should come tomorrow）。

二、“祈使句+and+陳述句”句型的三種變化形式

1.“祈使句+破折號+陳述句”

Try some of this juice—perhaps youll like it.(2000京皖春招)

嘗嘗這種果汁兒，也許你會喜歡的。

2.“名詞詞組+and+陳述句”

名詞詞組中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等詞。

It is really very dangerous. One more step, and the baby will fall into the well. 真危險。再多邁一步，這個小孩兒就掉進(jìn)井里了。

Another ￡500, and I could buy a car.

假如我再有500英鎊，就能買輛小汽車了。

One step further and you are lost.

再多走一步，你就會迷失方向了。

A few minutes earlier, and I could have seen the famous scientist.

要是我早來幾分鐘，就能見到那位著名科學(xué)家了。

3.“祈使句+or+陳述句”

or表示“否則”、“要不然的話”，or可用or else或otherwise替換，從反面來預(yù)測結(jié)果。

Take the chance, or you will regret it.

抓住機(jī)會吧，否則你會遺憾的。

Watch your step, or else you might fall into the water.

留神腳下，要不然你就會掉進(jìn)水里。

Do as youre told, otherwise youll be in trouble.

叫你怎么做就怎么做，否則有麻煩。

練習(xí)：

1. Start out right away, ____ youll miss the first train.（06四川）

A. and B. but C. or D. while

2. Follow your doctors advice, ____ your cough will get worse.（05遼寧）

A. or B. and C. then D. so

3. Lose one hour in the morning ____ youll be looking for it the rest of the day.（05北京春季）

A. but B. and C. or D. so

4. ____ straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it. (04湖北)

A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going

5. Stand over there ____ youll be able to see it better.（04天津）

A. or B. while C. but D. and

6. ——English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it?（04上海）

——Yes. ____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.

A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known

7. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ____ advertise-

ments showing happy families.（04湖南）

A. will often see B. often see

C. are often seeing D. have often seen

8. Dont be discouraged. ____ things as they are and you will enjoy

every day of your life. （03上海春季）

A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken

9. ____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.（01上海春季）

A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give

10. One more week, ____ we will accomplish the task.（99上海）

A. or B. so that C. and D. if

11. ____ it with me and Ill see what I can do.（NMET1998）

A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave

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