高考形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)分析與突破

張友愛

一、 考綱解讀

1． 了解形容詞和副詞的語法功能；

2． 了解多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的排列順序；

3． 掌握形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成形式；

4． 掌握形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法；

5． 掌握修飾比較級或最高級的常用的詞語；

6． 了解定語形容詞和表語形容詞的用法以及形容詞后置的問題。

二、考點(diǎn)分析

考點(diǎn)1： 在具體的語境中辨析形容詞與副詞的語義

從復(fù)現(xiàn)的頻率來看，此點(diǎn)是高考對形容詞、副詞考查的第一大熱點(diǎn)。解答此類題關(guān)鍵是要分析具體的語境，結(jié)合基本詞義、搭配等來選擇正確的答案。

經(jīng)過統(tǒng)計(jì)，常見?？嫉男稳菰~和副詞有（按頻度排列）：even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising；還有以下形容詞和副詞應(yīng)當(dāng)熟悉和掌握： a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively;

adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentively; bad; badly; besides; better;

but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; short; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak; well

例1： （2007天津） A new _________bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.

A. normal B. usual

C. regular D. common

解析： 答案為C。regular“定期的，有規(guī)律的”，與公共汽車服務(wù)相搭配，其他三項(xiàng)normal“正常的”，usual“通常的”，common“普通的，常見的”，都與題意不相符。

例2: (2006江西) The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings;_______, it caused 20 deaths.

A. or else B. therefore

C. after all D. besides

解析： 答案是D。本題空白處前后句之間是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。再根據(jù)句意中“而且，除此之處……”，選擇D選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)or else“否則，要不然”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。B項(xiàng)therefore“因此”表因果關(guān)系；C項(xiàng)after all“畢竟”。

【即時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)】

1. （2007江蘇） —“Could we put off the meeting?” she asked.

—“______,” he answered politely. “This is the only day everyone is available.”

A. Not likely B. Not exactly

C. Not nearly D. Not really

2. （2007湖北） This magazine is very _______with young people, who like its content and style.

A. familiar B. popular

C. similar D. particular

3. （2007湖北） She devoted herself______to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.

A. strongly B. extremely

C. entirely D. freely

4. （2007湖北）He began to take_________ political science only when he left school.

A. strictly B. truly

C. carefully D. seriously

5. （2007湖北） Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a______ environment.

A. peaceful B. sensitive

C. common D. stable

6. （2007上海） Since Tom_________downloaded virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.

A. readily B. horribly

C. accidentally D. irregularly

7. （2007上海） John was dismissed last week because of his_________ attitude towards his job.

A. informal B. casual

C. determined D. earnest

8. （2007天津） The final score of the basketball match was 93—94. We were only_______beaten.

A. nearly B. slightly

C. narrowly D. lightly

9. （2007山東） It is not socially_________for parents to leave children unattended at that age.

A. accessible B. adorable

C. adaptable D. acceptable

10. (2006天津) Fitness is important in sport, but of at least_________ importance are skills.

A. fair B. reasonable

C. equal D. proper

11. (2006廣東) I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have_________ heard of her.

A. even B. ever C. just D. never

12. (2006江西) Attention, coffee lovers!We have for you, the best coffee machine______ nvented.

A. ever B. already

C. even D. nowadays

13. (2006福建) Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally_________.

A. friendly B. various

C. common D. changeable

14. (2006湖北) Im certain Davids told you his business troubles.______ , its no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank.

A. However B. Anyway

C. Therefore D. Though

15. (2006浙江) Letterboxes are much more_________ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.

A. common B. normal

C. ordinary D. usual

考點(diǎn)2：考查形容詞、副詞的比較級、最高級及前面的修飾語

【備考清單】

1) 比較級、最高級的選用及應(yīng)用范圍

比較級、最高級常用于表示兩者或多者間的比較。復(fù)習(xí)中須注意如下句型的用法：

① as + 原級adj. / adv. + as表示“和……一樣”及not as / so + 原級adj. / adv. + as表示“不如……”。例如：

(94全國) John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.

The piano in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good.

② as + 原級adj. + a(n) + n. + as表示“跟……一樣”。例如：

(2001全國) Its generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

(2003北京) Our neighbour has as big a house as ours.

③ 比較級 + than表“比……更”及l(fā)ess ... than表示“不如……”。例如：

This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.

This road is wider than that one.

④ the + 比較級， the + 比較級表示“越……，就越……”。例如：

(93上海) Its believed that the harder you work, the better result youll get.

⑤ the +比較級+ of the + 名詞 / 代詞表示兩者中“較……的”。例如：

Who is the younger of the two boys?

⑥比較級 + 比較級(越來越……)。___ 例如：

Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

Things became worse and worse from then on.

⑦用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不適合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如:

The last thing I want to do is to offend you.我最不愿意做的就是惹你生氣。

He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不希望見的人。

He would be the last man to go there.他最不可能到那里去。

2) 使用比較結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題

① 當(dāng)相比的兩者屬于同一個(gè)范圍或同一類別時(shí)，為避免與自身相比要用any other + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或any others或anyone else / anything else，如果不是同一范圍或同一類別時(shí)就不必用other，直接采用比較對象即可。比如：

She studies harder than anyone else in her class.

She runs faster than any boy in her class.

② 在使用比較結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)還應(yīng)注意比較的雙方應(yīng)有可比性。例如：

誤：There are more students in this school than that school.

正： There are more students in this school than in that school.

The climate of Shanghai in summer is not so hot as that of Nanjing.（不能用Nanjing或of Nanjing或in Nanjing）

③ 一些詞匯的比較級和最高級容易混淆，應(yīng)注意一些不規(guī)則變化的形容詞、副詞的兩級。請看下表：

再如：

(98全國) Professor White has written some short stories, but he is better known for his plays. (well比較級為better)

(2001春季) Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs more for the poor.

(2004湖南) That doesnt sound very frightening, Paul, Ive seen worse. What did you like most about the film?

3) 形容詞、副詞原級、比較級、最高級前的程度狀語

① 注意一些形容詞或副詞前的特定修飾語。例如：

(2004廣東) Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always that much to do. (那樣多)

I quite like it. They are quite different / wrong.

quite possible / impossible

My hometown is much changed.

much to my surprise(很讓我吃驚)

be well worth doing （很值得做）

be sound / fast asleep (熟睡、酣睡)

wide awake (完全醒著)

all / very much alone (十分孤獨(dú))

dead drunken (爛醉)

very much / much alike (十分相像)

His eyes were wide open. (完全睜開)

② 比較級前?？捎胹till, even, much, far, a lot / little / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no等詞修飾。（注意more不用于修飾比較級）。例如：

(94全國) If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.

(2000上海) Youre standing too near the cinema. Can you move a bit farther?

This is by far the better.

③ 最高級可用序數(shù)詞、much、 by far、 nearly、 almost等詞修飾。例如：

Africa is the second largest continent.

The Pacific is by far the largest ocean.

I like this film the very best / much the best.

4) 關(guān)于否定詞在比較級中的使用：

(1) 在not as ... as 的句型中，as可用so替換，即not as / so ... as，但是在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中不可用so替換。例如:

Jack cant run as / so fast as his brother John.

The weather in this area in summer is not so hot as that of my hometown.

(2) 注意在一些比較級前no和not所表達(dá)的意義不同。

no + 比較級___意為“只有”

not + 比較級意為“最多，不超過”。例如:

I have no more than ten yuan in my pocket.(我口袋里只有十元錢。)

I have not more than ten yuan in my pocket.(我口袋里最多有十元錢。)

Your English is no better than mine.(你英語也就跟我的一樣差。)

Your English is not better than mine. (你英語并不比我好。)

(3) 否定 + 比較級 + 名詞 = 最高級。例如:

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

He had never spent a more worrying day.

Ive never seen a more beautiful park before.

(96全國) How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得多么好??！我從來沒聽到過比這更美的嗓音。

(2004福建) —Go for a picnic this weekend. OK?

—I couldnt agree more. I love getting close to nature.

—What do you think of Mr Wangs teaching? 你認(rèn)為王老師的課上得怎樣?

Oh, no one teaches better.哦,沒有人能夠教得更好了。(他教得最好。)

(5) 有些as ... as的結(jié)構(gòu)不一定是表示比較，例如有些as ... as的結(jié)構(gòu)用作連詞或狀語。

As soon as he comes back, please ask him ring me back.

As long as you promise to return before 6 oclock, Ill let you go.

We can not expect her to do the homework as well as look after the children.

The boy got up late, so he ran to school as quickly as possible.

Our English teacher asked us to speak English as possible as we can.

as ... as的結(jié)構(gòu)也可用作比喻：

as easy as ABC易如反掌

as busy as a bee忙得團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)

as poor as a church mouse一貧如洗

as hungry as a wolf___饑腸轆轆

as strong as a horse___體壯如牛

as foolish as a donkey笨如驢

例3： （2007全國卷Ⅱ） After two years research, we now have a_______________ better understanding of the disease.

A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite

解析： 答案為B?？疾楦痹~修飾形容詞比較級。只有far可修飾比較級，而very, fairly, quite不與比較級搭配。

例4： (1999上海) The director gave me a better offer than_________.

A. that of Dicks B. Dicks

C. he gave Dick D. those of Dick

解析： 答案為C。此題要注意比較時(shí)雙方要有可比性，句意為“導(dǎo)演給我提供的條件要比他給Dick提供的好。”比較的是所提供的條件，所以用he gave Dick。Dicks, that of Dicks和those of Dick都表示Dick的條件或他提供的條件，故不正確。

例5： (2001上海) In recent years, travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go,_________.

A. our holiday will be better

B. our holiday will be the better

C. the better our holiday will be

D. the better will our holiday be

解析： 答案為C?！皌he + 比較級，the + 比較級……”為固定句型，表示“越……越……”。A、B、D項(xiàng)的詞序不對。

例6： (05江西) —Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?

—Thank you._________.

A. It couldnt be better

B. Of course you can

C. If you like

D. Its up to you

解析： 根據(jù)答語中的“Thank you”可以推斷回答是表示高興的語氣，而“It couldnt be better.”表示“沒有比這再好的了 / 再好不過了”。答案為A。

【即時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)】

16. （2007北京） The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here_________.

A. early B. earlier

C. earliest D. the earliest

17. （2007江蘇） With April 18s railway speedup highway and air transport will have to compete with_________ service for passengers.

A. good B. better C. best D. the best

18. （2007湖南） There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is

wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.”

A. some B. much C. more D. most

19. （2007上海） Alan is a careful driver, but he drives_________ of my friends.

A. more carefully B. the most carefully

C. less carefully D. the least carefully

20. (2006江西) I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen_________.

A. better B. worse

C. the best D. the worst

21. (2005浙江) Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen_________ this year.

A. the best B. better

C. the most D. more

22. (2005江蘇) David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_________ desire to go to bed.

A. the most B. more

C. worse D. the least

23. （2005全國Ⅱ） —Is your headache getting_________?

—No, its worse.

A. better B. bad C. less D. well

考點(diǎn)3： 形容詞作表語，形容詞、副詞作后置定語

【備考清單】

1) 形容詞用于系動(dòng)詞后作表語

在最近幾年高考試題中系動(dòng)詞加形容詞作表語的情況出現(xiàn)過很多次。高考對此點(diǎn)的考查集中于區(qū)別到底是系動(dòng)詞還是一般動(dòng)詞并選擇合適的形容詞，而不是副詞作表語。常見的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有如下三類：

表示感覺的系動(dòng)詞：sound, look, taste, appear, smell, feel, seem等

表示變化的系動(dòng)詞：become, fall, get, turn, grow, make, come, go等

表示狀態(tài)存在的系動(dòng)詞：remain, keep, stay, continue, prove, lie, stand等。例如：

(95全國) As he was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.

(94全國) —Do you like the material?

—Yes, it feels very soft.

(91全國) These oranges taste good. (不能用well)

(2003北京春招) You dont look very well. Are you ill?

(93上海) What he said sounds friendly.

(2003全國) Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.

注意上述動(dòng)詞有些還可用作一般動(dòng)詞。例如：

sound your horn按喇叭

look at sb. 看某人

taste the wine 品嘗酒

smell gas 聞到煤氣

feel ones way 摸索著前進(jìn)

注意如下只能作表語的形容詞:

well(身體好),ill(生病的),content, faint,unable及以a-開頭的形容詞，如afraid, absent,asleep, alike, alone, awake,alive, ashamed等。例如：

I was afraid of making you uneasy.

His mother is dead, but his father is still alive.

She was really quite alone in the world except for an uncle in the country.

You should be ashamed of what you have done.

I was asleep the moment after my head touched the pillow.

I lay awake all night thinking of them.

My grandfather is perfectly content to live in the countryside.

He has been ill in bed for nearly half a year.

They have been unable to find out the cause of the fire accident.

例7： (95上海) We dont care if a hunting dog smells

, but we really dont want him to smell_________.

A. well; well B. bad; bad

C. well; badly D. badly; bad

解析： 答案為D。第一空前的smell為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“嗅、聞、有嗅覺”，副詞badly修飾smells；而第二個(gè)smell為系動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)加bad作表語。句意為：我不在乎獵狗的嗅覺是否很差，我只是不想它身上有味兒。

例8: （2007江西） The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted_________ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.

A. good B. better C. best D. well

解析： 答案為B?？疾榍昂髢煞N情況的對比，taste better“嘗起來更好吃”。

【即時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)】

24. (2004湖北) On hearing the news of the accident in coal mine, she_________ pale.

A. got B. changed

C. went D. appeared

25. (2002上海春招) Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health_________ poor.

A. proves B. remains

C. maintains D. continues

2） 形容詞、副詞作后置定語

【備考清單】

常見的幾種修飾語后置的情況有： ①形容詞修飾something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代詞時(shí)要后置。②present作“出席的”時(shí)只作后置定語。③表語形容詞如alive, asleep, awake, alone等只能作后置定語。④副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí), 放在動(dòng)詞之后。修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí), 放在被修飾詞之前。enough修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)要后置，修飾名詞時(shí)可放在名詞的前后。形容詞短語修飾名詞作主語時(shí)要后置。用and或or連接的形容詞作定語時(shí)要后置, 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。表數(shù)量的詞作定語時(shí)要后置。副詞修飾形容詞的特殊詞序, “so, as, how, too + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”。 例如：

There is nothing interesting in his composition.

Who else would like to go with me?

All the students present at the meeting have come back.

Students old enough should go to school.

I carried the basket full of eggs with great care.

All the people, old or young, went to watch the football match.

You can see a building 150 meters high on your right.

It was so warm a day that they decided to have a hiking.

It is too small a room. I dont think it is fit for a meeting room.

I do hope Ill have as pleasant a trip as you had last summer.

What a high building it is!

例9： (2000全國)_________ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

A. Brave enough students

B. Enough brave students

C. Students brave enough

D. Students enough brave

解析： 答案為C。副詞enough修飾一個(gè)形容詞或另外一個(gè)副詞時(shí)，應(yīng)放在形容詞或另外一個(gè)副詞之后。

例10: （2007湖南） “Things_________ will never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.

A. lost B. losing

C. to lose D. have lost

解析： 答案為A。此題考查表語形容詞做后置定語。

【即時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)】

26. （2007上海） The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle._________ it was!

A. What a dangerous scene

B. What dangerous a scene

C. How a dangerous scene

D. How dangerous the scene

27. (2004上海春招)_________, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.

A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely

C. Strange enough D. Enough strange

28. (2002北京) All the people_________ at the party were his supporters.

A. present B. thankful

C. interested D. important

考點(diǎn)4： 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法

【備考清單】

三種常見倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：

1） 倍數(shù) + as + 原級形容詞 + as ...。例如：

This road is three times as long as that one.

2） 倍數(shù) + the size / length / width / depth / height of ...。例如：

The river is five times the width of that one.

3） 倍數(shù) + 比較級 + than + 被比較對象。例如：

The sun is a million times larger than the earth.

例11： (2004廣西) It is reported that the United States uses_________ energy as the whole Europe.

A. as twice B. twice much

C. twice much as D. twice as much

解析： 答案為D。此題考查上述句型中的第一種。

【即時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)】

29. (2005上海) At a rough estimate, Nigeria is_________ Great Britain.

A. three times the size as

B. the size three times of

C. three times as the size of

D. three times the size of

30. (2003上海) The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying_________ here.

A. as three times much

B. as much three times

C. much as three times

D. three times as much

31. (2002上海春招) Americans eat______vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

A. more than twice

B. as twice as many

C. twice as many as

D. more than twice as many

32. (2002北京) He did it_________ it took me.

A. one-third a time

B. one-third time

C. the one-third time

D. one-third the time

考點(diǎn)5： 多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的排序問題及語序不同意義不同的詞組

【備考清單】

1) 多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的排序問題

多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的排序一般遵從如下規(guī)律：

如果兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，與被修飾的名詞關(guān)系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個(gè)形容詞的密切程度差不多，則音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的在后。例如：

a small wonderful gift

常用的順序?yàn)椋?/p>

限定詞+描繪性形容詞(beautiful)+大小、長短、高低等形容性形容詞+(large, long, high)+新舊(old)+顏色(red)+產(chǎn)地(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修飾名詞(desk)

記住以上規(guī)則是必要的，但還應(yīng)多閱讀、多體會(huì)，增強(qiáng)語感是關(guān)鍵。例如：

all these last few days 最近的這些日子

some beautiful little red flowers 一些美麗的小紅花

a high red brick wall 一堵高高的紅磚墻

a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一輛漂亮的白色日本軍用吉普車

其中限定詞的排列順序?yàn)椋?/p>

all / both / half / double / 倍數(shù)詞 / 分?jǐn)?shù)詞 + 冠詞 / 指示代詞 / 物主代詞 / 名詞所有格 / some / any / no / every / each +基數(shù)詞 / 序數(shù)詞 / little / few / last / next / other / another / more，形容詞的排列順序?yàn)椋捍笮?、長短、高低、新舊、顏色、產(chǎn)地、材料、用途、類別等。

盡管以上給出了排序的基本規(guī)律，但由于所涉及的詞太多，想要記清楚確實(shí)有難度。下面給出四句口訣輔助記憶：

所有這些詞， 順序往后數(shù)；

美小圓舊黃，法國木書房。

上面口訣中前兩句主要用于解決排在最前邊的多個(gè)限定詞之間的順序。它可以應(yīng)用于all (所有) these (這些) last (順序) few (數(shù)量) days短語中。這個(gè)短語基本上可以體現(xiàn)多個(gè)限定詞之間的先后順序?？谠E后兩句可對應(yīng)一句話“This is a charming small round old yellow French wood reading room.”其中多個(gè)形容詞之間的先后順序基本上可以在這一句中得以體現(xiàn)，而且漢語歌訣的形式將使記憶更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌訣時(shí)最好是“抓兩頭”，即牢記排在最前邊的限定詞及排在最后邊的形容詞，如產(chǎn)地、材料、用途等，則能輕松突破此難點(diǎn)。

例12： (2004遼寧) John Smith, a successful businessman, has a_________ car.

A. large German white

B. large white German

C. white large German

D. German large white

解析： 答案為B。上述幾個(gè)形容詞可利用口訣中的后兩句確定它們之間的先后順序。

【即時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)】

33. （2005北京） This_________ girl is Lindas cousin.

A. pretty little Spanish

B. Spanish little pretty

C. Spanish pretty little

D. little pretty Spanish

34. (2004上海春招) I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is_______than John.

A. more efficiently a worker

B. a more efficient worker

C. more an efficiently worker

D. a worker more efficiently

35. (2004重慶) The husband gave his wife______every month in order to please her.

A. all half his income

B. his half all income

C. half his all income

D. all his half income

36. (2004浙江)_________ students are required to take part in the boat race.

A. Ten strong young Chinese

B. Ten Chinese strong young

C. Chinese ten young strong

D. Young strong ten Chinese

37. (2004江蘇) The_________ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.

A. little white wooden

B. little wooden white

C. white wooden little

D. wooden white little

38. (2003上海) As I know, there is______car in this neighborhood.

A. no such B. no a

C. not such D. not such a

39. (2003上海) We were in_________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.

A. a rush so anxious

B. a such anxious rush

C. so an anxious rush

D. such an anxious rush

2） 詞序不同意義不同的詞組

【備考清單】

常見的語序不同意義不同有形容詞、副詞的詞組有：too much與much too, if only與only if, long before與before long等。它們的區(qū)別如下：

too much一般指數(shù)量的多，可修飾不可數(shù)名詞或動(dòng)詞，也可直接代替上文中提到的不可數(shù)名詞； much too一般指的是程度上“十分，太”，后直接加形容詞或副詞原級。if only ... 意為“要是……就好了”，常與虛擬語氣連用； only if……意為“只要……”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 long before意為“很久以前”，而before long意為“不久以后”。但not long before意為“不久”。例如：

Dont talk too much.

Too much water causes flood.

The boy is much too impolite.

Only if you try your best to prepare your lessons will you be able to pass the exam.

If only I had listened to your advice! (要是……就好了)

The work will be finished before long.

We heard of it long before.

It wont be long before we meet again.

例13： (上海2000) If only he_________ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay

C. had lain D. should lie

解析： 答案為C。if only ... 意為“要是……就好了”，從主句中的now及not暗示前面條件句中的動(dòng)作并未發(fā)生，條件部份與過去事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)的形式來表達(dá)虛擬。

例14： (2003上海) Allen had to call a taxi because the box was_________ to carry all the way home.

A. much too heavy B. too much heavy

C. heavy too much D. too heavy much

解析： 答案為A。 much too修飾形容詞、副詞表程度，而too much修飾名詞或動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量， heavy為形容詞，故只能用much too。

考點(diǎn)6： 考查形容詞與副詞區(qū)別, 易混詞帶有-ly的形容詞、副詞及復(fù)合形容詞

【備考清單】

1） 注意如下有無-ly的形容詞和副詞的意義區(qū)別：

wide / high / deep（具體的意義）寬 / 高 / 深 widely / highly / deeply（抽象意義）廣泛地 / 高度地 / 深深地

most十分、非常 / 最多（大）的

mostly主要地、絕大多數(shù)地、多半

close靠近地

closely密切地、仔細(xì)地

late遲的，遲到的

lately最近、近來

dead死的 deadly致命的

bad壞的 badly惡劣地、非常地

hard 努力地 hardly 幾乎不

near 在附近 nearly 幾乎

direct直接(主要用于談?wù)撀烦毯蜁r(shí)間,和straight意思相同) directly直率地、立即

2） 注意合成形容詞本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)形容詞，其合成部份中的名詞不能變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

He wrote a two-thousand-word report.

His uncle is 6 feet tall. He is a forty-year old man.

3） “名詞+ ly”構(gòu)成的是形容詞，而不是副詞。

這類形容詞有friendly, lovely, weekly, monthly, daily等

4） 有些詞既可以作形容詞也可以作副詞。例如:

He got up late, so he was late for school again.

Can you see that straight road? Go straight along this road, youll find the supermarket at the end.

This maths problem was hard. I thought hard and got the answer at last.

例15： (2003上海春招) Many students signed up for the_________ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.

A. 800-meter-long B. 800-metres-long

C. 800 metre lengthD. 800 meters long

解析： 答案為A。合成形容詞中名詞不能變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。

例16： (2002北京) It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood_______to her mother.

A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing

解析： 答案為A。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞stood可確定其后應(yīng)用表示“近地、接近地、靠近地”意義的close，而closely意為“緊密地、嚴(yán)密地、密切地”，多用于抽象意義，如listen closely仔細(xì)聽。

考點(diǎn)7：幾種形容詞、副詞、疑難結(jié)構(gòu)

【備考清單】

1. “too ... to”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

too ... ( for sb. ) to ... 意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定的意義。例如：

These books are too heavy for me to carry.

The child is too young to join the army.

This is too difficult a book for you to read.

當(dāng)too前有否定詞never或not時(shí)表示“不太……所以能……”的意思，其中的雙重否定表示肯定意義。例如：

One is never too old to learn.活到老， 學(xué)到老。

當(dāng)too前有only / but / just / all修飾時(shí)表示“非常樂意……”的肯定意義。例如：

We are but too glad to help you. 我們非常高興能幫助你。

We are only too pleased to watch the TV play.我們非常喜歡看這部電視劇。

當(dāng)“too ... to ...”結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞為apt (anxious), glad, ready, easy, eager, nervous, willing, happy, inclined, pleased等時(shí), “too ... to ...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定意義， 意為“非?！薄＠纾?/p>

He was too eager to know the result of the exams. 他急于想知道考試的結(jié)果。

The woman is too ready to speak.這女人太多嘴多舌。

He is too ready to help others.他非常樂于幫助別人。

當(dāng)在too前加not構(gòu)成“too ... not to ...”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)， 表示肯定意義， 意為“非?！粫?huì)……”。例如：

I am sure that she is too diligent not to fail in the exam. 我敢肯定她很勤奮，必定能通過這次考試。

He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么仔細(xì)，不會(huì)沒有注意到這一點(diǎn)。

2. cannot （never） ... too ... 結(jié)構(gòu)

“cannot ... too ...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“無論怎么……也不算過份”、“越……越好”、“要格外……”、“應(yīng)該特別……”等意思。表示此意的結(jié)構(gòu)有下列幾種：

1) cannot ＋動(dòng)詞＋ too ＋形容詞或副詞。例如：

We cannot be too careful in doing experiments. 我們做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)越仔細(xì)越好。

I cannot thank you too much. 我無論怎么感謝你也不過份。

2) cannot ＋ over-動(dòng)詞 / cannot + be + over-形容詞。例如：

We cannot overemphasize the importance of learning a foreign language. 我們無論怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)外語的重要性都不過份。

3) cannot ＋動(dòng)詞＋ too much （ much enough）。例如：

We cannot praise him too much. 我們無論怎樣表揚(yáng)他也不算過份。

4) cannot ＋動(dòng)詞＋形容詞或副詞＋ enough

在“ cannot ... too ...”結(jié)構(gòu)中的too可換成 enough，sufficient 或 sufficiently； not 也可換成 never， hardly， scarcely 等否定詞。例如：

You can never be strong enough. 強(qiáng)壯的身體有百利而無一害。

Drinking water can never be pure enough. 飲用水越純凈越好。

5) cannot ＋動(dòng)詞＋ too many ＋可數(shù)名詞 / too much ＋不可數(shù)名詞。例如：

I think it right that one cannot learn too much knowledge. 我認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的知識(shí)愈多愈好。

It is wrong to think that one cannot bear too many children. 認(rèn)為一個(gè)人孩子生得愈多愈好是錯(cuò)誤的。

6) It is impossible （ difficult ） to ... too ... ＝ cannot ... too ...。例如：

It is impossible to emphasize this point too much. （＝ One cannot emphasize this point too much.）要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)。

3. more than結(jié)構(gòu)

more than與不同詞性的詞連用用法總結(jié)如下:

1) 后接名詞，表示超過該名詞所指，意為“不只是，不僅僅是，不止”。例如：

He is more than our teacher; he is also our friend. 他不僅是我們的老師,還是我們的好朋友。

2) 后接形容詞或動(dòng)詞，用來加強(qiáng)語氣，表示“很，非常”。例如：

Im more than happy to hear from you. 收到你的來信我非常高興。

She is more than pleased with her daughters performance.她對她女兒的表演很高興。

3) 后接副詞,加強(qiáng)語氣，意為“不止”。例如：

He was dressed more than simply.他穿得豈止是簡單。

4) 后接數(shù)詞，表示“多于，大于”，相當(dāng)于over。例如：

The factory turns out more than 100 cars daily. 工廠每天生產(chǎn)100多輛車。

It was more than a year now since he had seen Mary.有一年多的時(shí)間他沒看見瑪麗。

注: more than one +名詞,在語義上雖為復(fù)數(shù),但做主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

More than one house was burnt down in the fire.

5) 后接含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 的從句，其基本含義是“超過，” 常用來表示否定，“簡直不，遠(yuǎn)非，簡直不可能”。例如：

The beauty of the city is more than words can describe. 這座城市的美簡直不能形容。

There is more than I can tell you. 多到我給你講也講不完。

6) more ... than ... 與其說……倒不如……。例如：

The child is more frightened than hurt.這孩子受傷倒不算什么，只是受驚不小。

He is more brave than wise. 他有勇無謀。

在more than前有時(shí)會(huì)有no 或not 出現(xiàn)，構(gòu)成no more than 與not more than 短語,它們的區(qū)別如下:

1) no more than 作 “只不過,僅僅”解，其后接數(shù)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量少；而not more than 作 “不超過”或“頂多”之意(at the most ),有比較的含義，沒有僅僅之意，其后接數(shù)詞，以說明情況。試比較：

There are no more than 20 people at the meeting. 會(huì)上只有20人。(不但表示數(shù)目,還有“僅僅”之意)

There are not more than 20 people at the meeting.與會(huì)人數(shù)不超過20人。(只表示實(shí)際情況,數(shù)量可多可少)

另外no more than 之后還可接名詞。

He looks like a student, but in fact he is no more than a teacher.他看起來像個(gè)學(xué)生，實(shí)際上他是位老師。

2) 二者后均可接比較狀語從句，但概念各異： no more than 作 “兩者同樣不”解，既否定前半句,又否定后半句。

The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們和皇帝一樣什么也沒有看見。

在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中, 除用more 以外,還可以用其他形容詞或副詞的比較級,表示該形容詞或副詞的反義,同時(shí)對比較雙方進(jìn)行否定。

no fewer than = as many as和 ……一樣多

no worse than = as good as和 ……一樣好

no better than = as bad as 和 ……一樣差

no richer than = as poor as和 ……一樣窮

no later than = as early as早在……

not more than “為不比(如)……更”之意。例如:

The coat is not more expensive than that one. 這件大衣并不比那件貴。

Xiao Li is not more diligent than Xiao Wang. 小李并不比小王更勤奮。

例17： （2007福建） —Do you need any help, Lucy?

—Yes. The job is_________ I could do myself.

A. less than B. more than

C. no more than D. not more than

解析： 答案為B。less than“少于”；more than“多于，超過”；no more than“僅僅，不過”；not more than“至多，不超過”。由答語“yes”表明回答者需要對方的幫助，也就是此項(xiàng)工作遠(yuǎn)超過自己的能力范圍，故答案選B。

例18: （2007陜西） Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if_______, Miss Liu.

A. not better than B. not better

C. no better than D. no better

解析： 答案為A。此題考查省略與副詞的比較級。根據(jù)句意，Mr Guo與Miss Liu加以比較，如果說Mr Guo彈得不好于Miss Liu的話，那么至少和她一樣好。not better than“不好于”，故選A。

4. 幾種帶有否定詞的比較句型

英語中表示比較的句型相當(dāng)多，如果句型中插進(jìn)了一個(gè)否定詞，其意義和用法就很難掌握。下面介紹幾種常見的表達(dá)方式：

1) no better than表示“和……一樣；實(shí)際等于……”。例如：

The patient is no better than he was yesterday.___病人的情況和昨天一樣。

A man who cannot read and write is no better than the blind.不識(shí)字的人跟瞎子沒有兩樣。

2) not ... any more than或no more ... than表示“同……一樣不”。例如：

A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. (= A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.)鯨和馬都不是魚。(鯨之非魚類，正如馬之非魚類。)

My elder brother is no more a singer than I am.我哥哥和我都不是歌唱家。

3) no less ... than表示“和……一樣；不遜于”。例如：

The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.寫作技巧和其他藝術(shù)技巧一樣困難。

Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.日光和新鮮空氣對身體健康是同樣必不可少的。

4) nothing more than表示“只不過是，無非是”。例如：

She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl.___她希望把她像一般女孩一樣對待。

It is nothing more than a made-up story.這只不過是杜撰的故事而已。

【即時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)答案】

1. D2. B3. C4. D5. D6. C7. B8. C9. D10. C11. B12. A13. A14. B15. A16. B17. B18. C19. D20. B21. B22. D23. A24. C25. B26. A27. A28. A29. D30. D31. D32. D33. A34. B35. A36. A37. A38. A39. D