解讀ｓｏ…ｔｈａｔ和ｓｏ ｔｈａｔ引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句

so…that和so that是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的兩個(gè)句式，前者表示“如此……以至……”，后者表示“為的是”、“結(jié)果是”等含義?，F(xiàn)將它們引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的用法歸納如下：

一、so…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如此……以至……”，其中so是副詞，常修飾形容詞或副詞。使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果so前面是系動(dòng)詞be， become， feel等，so后面一般跟形容詞；如果so前面是其他動(dòng)詞，那么so后面跟副詞。如：

She was so happy that she danced. 她高興得跳起舞來(lái)。

He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快，以至我跟不上他。

2. 在某些情況下，so…that結(jié)構(gòu)可以與too…to或enough to結(jié)構(gòu)相互轉(zhuǎn)換。

⑴so…that與too…to的轉(zhuǎn)換

當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句為否定式時(shí)，若從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同，so…that結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為too…to結(jié)構(gòu)；若從句主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不同，so…that結(jié)構(gòu)要轉(zhuǎn)換為too…for sb. to結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

He is so young that he can’t go to school.

→He is too young to go to school.

他太年幼了，還不能上學(xué)。

The box is so heavy that he can’t lift it.

→The box is too heavy for him to lift.

這只盒子太重了，他舉不動(dòng)。

⑵so…that與enough to的轉(zhuǎn)換

①當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句為肯定式，若從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同，so…that結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為enough to結(jié)構(gòu)；若從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不同，so…that結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為enough for sb. to結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Millie is so old that she can go to school.

→Millie is old enough to go to school.

米莉年齡足夠大，能夠上學(xué)。

The box is so light that the child can lift it.

→The box is light enough for the child to lift.

那只盒子很輕，那孩子能夠舉起它。

②當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句為否定式時(shí)，若從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同，so…that結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為enough to的否定結(jié)構(gòu)；若從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不同，so…that結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為enough for sb. to的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是，轉(zhuǎn)換后的形容詞或副詞要用其相應(yīng)的反義詞。如：

The man is so old that he can’t go to work.

→The man isn’t young enough to go to work.

那男人太老了，以至不能夠去工作。

The desk is so heavy that I can’t move it.

→The desk isn’t light enough for me to move.

那張課桌太沉重，以至我不能搬動(dòng)它。

二、so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，可以由以下幾點(diǎn)進(jìn)行區(qū)分：

1. 當(dāng)表達(dá)“為了……”、“以便……”的含義時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語(yǔ)從句；當(dāng)表達(dá)“以至于……”、“因此”的含義時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

If you do know， answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. 如果你的確知道，應(yīng)大聲回答，以便讓全班同學(xué)都可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。

It rained hard the day before yesterday， so that she had to stay at home. 前天雨下得很大，因此她只好呆在家里。

2. 當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can， could， may， might， should等時(shí)，是目的狀語(yǔ)從句；當(dāng)從句里沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

We stopped at Salt Lake City so that we could visit the monument to seagulls. 我們?cè)邴}湖城逗留，為了可以參觀為海鷗修的紀(jì)念碑。

They have walked a long distance so that they are all tired. 他們走了很長(zhǎng)的路，所以都很累。

3. 當(dāng)so that之前有逗號(hào)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句；反之，引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

You didn’t plan your revision well， so that you didn’t pass the exam. 你沒(méi)有好好地按計(jì)劃復(fù)習(xí)，結(jié)果你沒(méi)考及格。

The teacher must speak slowly so that the students may understand him. 那位老師必須講得慢些，以便所有的學(xué)生可以理解。

[跟蹤測(cè)試]

將下面含有so…that結(jié)構(gòu)的主從復(fù)合句變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句。

1. He was so weak that he couldn’t go a step further.

He was _____ weak _____ go a step further.

He was _____ weak

go a step further.

2. He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.

He is strong _____ lift the heavy box.

He is _____ strong _____ _____ lift the heavy box.

3. Lesson Two is so hard that we all can’t understand it.

Lesson Two is _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ understand.

4. The speaker spoke so slowly that we could hear him clearly.

The speaker spoke slowly _____ _____ _____ _____ hear him clearly.

Keys: 1. too， to; so， as not to 2. enough to; so， as to 3. too hard for us to 4. enough for us to