讀后續(xù)寫微技能

英語讀后續(xù)寫寫作中，對話描寫可以直接展現(xiàn)人物的思想、情感，使人物形象更加立體、飽滿。同時，對話也是推動故事發(fā)展的有效手段，它能夠引發(fā)沖突、揭示秘密、推動情節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)折，讓故事更加扣人心弦。因此，在英語讀后續(xù)寫中，恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用對話描寫，不僅能夠提升文章的語言表現(xiàn)力，還能夠讓讀者更加深入地理解和感受故事，從而達(dá)到更好的寫作效果。以下，本文將探討如何在讀后續(xù)寫中進(jìn)行對話描寫。

一、對話提示詞位置及標(biāo)點(diǎn)、大小寫

正確的書寫形式以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用是評價考生的指標(biāo)之一。對話描寫中的提示語使用根據(jù)所在位置不同，主要有三種形式，且位置不同，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號及大小寫的使用產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)變化，這需要考生特別記憶，以免出現(xiàn)紕漏。

1．提示詞在前。提示后用逗號，引語結(jié)束用句號，位于引號內(nèi)。

[例1] He explained，“It's not my balcony.It belongs to the next apartment.”

2.提示詞在中。提示詞前的引語是完整的話，后用逗號，位于引號內(nèi)，提示詞后用句號；提示詞后另起一句話時，首字母大寫，句尾用句號，位于引號內(nèi)，如例［2]。提示詞前的引用語是半句話，后用逗號，位于引號內(nèi)；提示詞后用逗號；后半句開頭不大寫，句尾用句號，位于引號內(nèi)，如例［3]。

[例2］“You were just looking，”contended（聲 明） Samantha/Samantha contended.“I was the one doing all the work.\"

[例3]“Yes，”he added，“and Iwould miss my dumplings and fatty pork.”

3．提示詞在后。提示詞后用句號，引用部分結(jié)束用逗號，位于引號內(nèi)。

[例4]“Oh，well，better luck next time，”she sighed/ sighed Jenny.

另外，需要特別留心的是，當(dāng)主語是人稱代詞時，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循“人稱代詞 + 提示語”的語序，例如本節(jié)中的［例3］和［例4］所示。

二、高中階段常用的英文提示語

在正確書寫對話提示語的基礎(chǔ)上，豐富的詞匯使用是考生文章脫穎而出的依托點(diǎn)，日常訓(xùn)練中，應(yīng)當(dāng)積極嘗試根據(jù)不同的語境選擇不同的對話提示詞。在英語中，對話的提示動詞可以根據(jù)其所承擔(dān)的語義功能而劃分，基礎(chǔ)的對話提示詞包括 say，speak，state（陳述），talk等，情感表達(dá)類涵蓋complain，praise，criticize等，請求及命令包含ask，demand，order等，告知或通告類有notify（通知），remind等。下表是根據(jù)語義功能劃分的常用英語對話描寫提示動詞（部分動詞兼有名詞詞性，用法一并附上）。

三、豐富對話描寫的語言句式

在掌握多樣的提示詞表達(dá)的基礎(chǔ)上，通過增加語氣、情感、表情、動作等細(xì)節(jié)，可以為語言描寫增色。

1．副詞及介詞短語修飾“說”

利用副詞及介詞短語可以細(xì)致地描寫說話時的情感、態(tài)度等，下表是常見的修飾“說”的副詞及介詞短語。

（續(xù)表2）

例1-8是上述副詞及介詞短語在使用中的實(shí)例，例9-10是ina（n）+adj. + voice的常見變體，將形容詞或形容詞詞組后置修飾voice。

[例1]“We have to hurry up，” she urged anxiously （焦急地催促道）.

[例2］Shewhispered quietlytome（悄悄地透露給我），“Ihavea little secret.”

[例3]“This is really unbelievable，”he exclaimed inamazement（驚嘆地說著）.

[例4]“Oh，please，”he snorted in disbelief（他 不屑地哼了一聲），“that's not even remotely possible.”

[例5]Heshoutedwithexcitement（激動地呼喊），“Wewon！”

[例6]He murmured with a little regret（帶著

些許遺憾地喃喃自語），“Icould have seized that opportunity.\"

[例7]“We must remain calm，”she reminded in acalmvoice（用冷靜的聲音提醒道）.

[例8]“Thank you for your companionship all the time，”shesaidinagratefultone（用感激的語氣說道）.

[例9］“We shall overcome this difficulty，”he said，hisvoicesoftbutunwavering（聲音柔和卻堅(jiān)定 地說道）.

[例10]“Nothing is impossible，” she said，her voicehuskybutresoluteassteel（聲音沙啞，但堅(jiān)定 如鋼）.

2．利用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)說話的神情、動作、原因

描寫語言時，可以適當(dāng)添加說話時的情緒、動作，多數(shù)情況下，可以從面部表情（face/cheeks，eyes，mouth，lips等）、肢體動作（head，hand，foot，arms，chest，shoulders等）、語音語調(diào)（voice）等角度描寫，其形式可以是：直接引語 +sb ： + 提示詞 +V- ing/獨(dú)立主格（例1-11），也可以是sb. +do+ 提示詞-ing（例12-13）：

[例1]“This plan seems flawed，” she murmured， herlipsbarelymovingasshespoke（她低聲說道，嘴 唇幾乎沒動）.

[例2]“I'm truly sorry for my mistake，”apologized Peter/Peter apologized，hiseyessincere and regretful （Peter致兼道，眼神真誠而懊悔）.

[例3]“I'm sorry I lied，” she confessed guiltily， hercheeksflushingwithembarrassment（她內(nèi)疚地 坦白道，臉頰因?qū)擂味l(fā)紅）.

[例4］“This is unbelievable！”he gasped in amazement，hismouthwideopen（他驚訝地喘著氣， 嘴巴張得大大的）.

[例5]“I'm sorry，” he apologized with a soft murmur，turninghishead asideinremorse（他輕輕 地嘟嚏著道歉，懊悔地把頭扭到一邊）.

[例6]“We won！” she squealed delightedly， jumpingupanddown（她高興地尖叫道，上下跳躍著）.

[例7]“I alone solved the mystery，”he boasted， hischestpuffingupwithpride（他自夸道，胸膛因驕 傲而挺起）.

[例8] His shoulders slumping in defeat，Tom sighed（他嘆息道，肩膀因挫敗而垮了下來），“Alas， it's too late now.\"

[例9]“This is so frustrating，” she sighed wearily， rubbinghertemples（她疲倦地嘆了口氣，揉了揉太 陽穴）.

[例10]“There，there，it’sall going to bealright，” shecomforted，her voice softand soothing（她安慰 道，聲音柔和而安撫）.

[例11］“Everyone，please take a seat！”she shouted， her voice booming through the crowded room （她喊 道，聲音在擁擠的房間里回蕩）.

[例12]Consumed with anger， Jason banged his fist onthewall，shoutinghysterically（一拳打在墻上， 歇斯底里地大叫），“Getout！”

[例13]Listening to the soothing melody，the child closedhereyes，whispering（聽著舒緩的旋律，孩子閉 上了眼睛，低聲說），“This music feels like a gentle hug.

同時，由動詞過去分詞變化而來的情緒詞也可用于表示對話的原因。此時，可結(jié)合所要續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容，將情節(jié)與對話、情緒描寫結(jié)合，請看以下例子：

[例14]“No，”he sighed，frustrated at the lackofsupportfromhisfamily（他嘆道，對缺乏家人的支持感到沮喪）.

[例15]“What have they done？”he complained， visiblyannoyedatthedisregardfortheplan（他抱怨 道，顯然對計(jì)劃被忽視感到惱火）．

3.間接引用的使用

高考讀后續(xù)寫雖為故事創(chuàng)作，但由于字?jǐn)?shù)與形式限定（兩段續(xù)寫內(nèi)容），所以實(shí)際上對話不能占據(jù)過多的篇幅，大約為每段1-2句，且對話偏口語，詞匯當(dāng)選用生活化的常見詞匯，不適宜使用華麗辭藻以及復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。這一點(diǎn)實(shí)際上與寫作評分要求中的“高級詞匯、豐富句式”背道而馳。因此，考生應(yīng)該根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，使用間接引用替代直接引語，進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及豐富句式，例如：

Hesaidsincerely，“Thankyou！”可以轉(zhuǎn)寫為間接 引語He expressed his sincere gratitude toward me./He said thathe was grateful for whatI did.

“ Thisproject isvery important to me，” she mentioned．可以 轉(zhuǎn)寫為 She emphasized thegreat importance of the project to her.

更多時候，使用間接引語是用于概括不必要的情節(jié)內(nèi)容，避免文章出現(xiàn)離題，例如2024年8月浙江省Z20聯(lián)考續(xù)寫中，身患絕癥的Amy告訴眾人她多年來遭受的病痛折磨以及她對抗病魔的堅(jiān)韌精神，若是用直接引語，不免又是一個洋洋灑灑的故事，但用間接引語概括，即為：Amy talked about all the sufferings sheendured those years，aswell as her resilient spirit inbattling against the illness./Amy shared with the audienceheryear-longtorment inflictedby theillness，along withherunyielding spirit in confronting the adversity.

即學(xué)即用

（改自2023臺州一模）盡量在合適處使用對話描寫，完成續(xù)寫任務(wù)。

Green Thumb

All I did was show my little sister how to grow plants.Diga hole.Putina seed.Coverit with dirt. “See，Laynie，”I explained，“a whole plant will grow from this tiny seed.All we have to do is water it.”

Laynie had her own watering can so she could “help”me in the garden. One day，after everything was watered，she ran to the fence and started sprinkling water on another spot.I walked over and saw a fresh patch of dirt near the fence.“Did you plant something there？”I asked.“Yes，” she said.“I'm growing a pencil. My purple pencil got too small，so I planted it.

“ What？But，Laynie 一

I should have explained things right then，but I just muttered，“Uh...I never grew one before.Later I got what seemed like a great idea. I dug up Laynie's pencil and“planted”a brand-new purple pencil.“My pencil grew！”she shouted.

Laynie was really excited when she saw it. A few days later，Laynie was watering on the same spot. Two days later，new crayons stuck their pointy little heads out，thanks to me. Laynie jumped up and down and yelled，“Theylook like flowers！”She“picked”them and ran into the house.

Next，Laynie grew an adult bear doll from a tiny one，a soup spoon from a teaspoon，anda hand mirror from a piece of glass. When she claimed that she had grown these things，I just kept my mouth shut！ Actually， it was fun trying to think of what should grow from Laynie’s seeds.And it was cool to see her get excited.

One day I saw her patting down some dirt near the fence again，so I knew she’d just planted something. My heart dropped to my feet when she asked，“How long does it take to grow a goldfish.Brad？”I couldn't speak.“Not long，I bet！\" said Laynie.She knelt down to whisper“Grow，Molly. Grow！”before she skipped back to the house.

Paragraph 1：

I satdownwithmyback to thefence，thinkingabout whether I had done wrong.

Paragraph 2：

LaterI found Laynie sittingby the spot where Molly's body was lying.

參考范文：

I sat down with my back to the fence，thinking about whether I had done wrong.“I should have explained things earlier，”I thought to myself，a heavy sigh of regretescapingmylips.（“我本該早點(diǎn)解釋的，”我心 里想，嘴里發(fā)出一聲沉重的悔恨嘆息。Ⅱ內(nèi)心獨(dú)白式的 對話 + 獨(dú)立主格補(bǔ)充說話時的面部微表情）Wavesof shame overwhelmed me and eventually compelled me to disclose the bitter truth to my sister.When all the stuff Laynie previouslyplanted were laid before her，she stared at me in disbelief，as if asking what on earth had happened.（她難以置信地盯著我，好像在問到底發(fā)生 了什么事。Ⅱ間接引語的對話表達(dá) + 虛擬語氣）“S... Sorry，”I mumbled，my eyes downcast and throat tight. （“對對不起，”我含糊道，眼睛低垂，喉嚨發(fā)緊。 』簡短的對話 + 形容詞做分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)說話 時的表情）Then，inavoice barelyaudible，Iexplained thewholestorytoher.（我用幾乎聽不見的聲音向她解 釋了整個事情的經(jīng)過。 本句承接上一句道歉，使用間 接引語是為了概括內(nèi)容，避免對話內(nèi)容占據(jù)過大篇幅） “You are a liar！” she yelled，voice trembling and cheeksflushingred.（“你是個騙子！”她喊道，聲音 顫抖，臉頰通紅。）“Laynie，”Iavertedmyeyes， swallowed hard and added，“Molly isn't going to groweither.”（“Laynie，”我移開目光，咽了口唾 沫，補(bǔ)充道，“Molly也不會長大了?！薄槐揪渫ㄟ^動 作鏈avert + swallow + add 描寫說話時的神情，增加了句式的多樣性）Upon hearing this，Laynie burst intotears and stormed out of the room，leaving me frozen therewith guilt.

LaterI found Laynie sitting by the spot where Molly' s bodywas lying.I approached her slowly，heart heavy with remorse.“Laynie，”I whispered tenderly，but she onlyresponded with silence.（“Laynie，”我輕聲 喚道，但她只是沉默地回應(yīng)。）Isquatteddown，gently held her in my embrace and apologized sincerely.（真 誠道歉。Ⅱ此處留白，道歉的具體內(nèi)容不必點(diǎn)明） Laynie turned her face away，a sense of dissatisfaction flowing through her eyes.“I'm sorry for Molly，”I continued apologetically，“ But we can grow things from seeds—notfrompencilsor...fish.”（“我為莫莉 感到抱歉，”我抱歉地繼續(xù)說，“我們可以用種子種東 西，但是不能用鉛筆或…魚。”副詞修飾說話的狀 態(tài)）“Just seeds？”she asked，face still tear-stained.

（“只是種子？”她問，臉上還留著淚痕）Inodded. She looked at me for a while as if thinking about something.Later thatday，after we hada funeral for Molly，I saw Laynie patting down some dirt on Molly's grave. My heart tightened.“ Pm growing some forget-me-nots（勿忘我），so Mollywon'tforget me，” she beamed，her voice full of hope and expectation.（“我種了勿忘我，這樣莫莉不會忘記 我，”她笑著說，聲音里充滿了希望和期待。）This time，I thought“the green thumb”would have areal harvest.

【作者簡介：中學(xué)二級教師，在《廣東教育》《教學(xué)考試》等雜志發(fā)表過多篇文章，曾多次指導(dǎo)學(xué)生獲得外研社杯全國一等獎、二十一世紀(jì)英語演講比賽全國二等獎】

責(zé)任編輯 吳昊雷