黃河壺口瀑布

譯/李睿LiRui

黃河壺口瀑布位于與的交界處，是黃河中游流經(jīng)晉陜大峽谷時形成的一個天然瀑布，是中國第二大瀑布，堪稱黃河之上的一大奇觀。

HukouWaterfall，locatedatthe borderof Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces， isanaturalwonderinthemiddlereaches of the Yellow Riveras it flows through theJinshan Grand Canyon.As the second-largestwaterfallinChina，itisan extraordinaryspectaclealongthe Yellow River.

壺口瀑布的形成和傳說 Formation and Legend of Hukou Waterfall

萬里黃河從源頭青藏高原出發(fā)，一路浩浩蕩蕩奔流至西北高原的晉陜大峽谷。晉陜大峽谷兩岸石壁陡峭，宛如天然的屏障。瀑布上游的河面寬約300米，在不到500米長的距離內(nèi)，向內(nèi)驟然收縮至約20多米寬，形成了一個宛如壺口的狹窄通道。滔滔河水被兩岸的礁石擠壓，伴隨著滾滾黃沙，從20多米高的陡崖上傾瀉而下，發(fā)出震耳欲聾的轟鳴，呈現(xiàn)出“千里黃河一壺收”之勢，“壺口瀑布”由此得名。

The Yellow River originates on the QinghaiXizang Plateau and carves its way through the rugged landscapes of northwestern China. Upon reaching the steep cliffs of the Jinshan Grand Canyon， the river encountersnatural barriersonboth sides. Upstream， it spans about 3o0 meters wide，but within just 50o meters，it dramatically narrows to barely 20meters，formingabottleneck that resembles the spoutofateapot.Asthesediment-ladenwatersare funneled through this narrow passage， they plunge overa2O-meterdropwithathunderousroarthat reverberates through the canyon. This breathtaking phenomenon hasbeen likened to“thevast Yellow River collected into one teapot，” giving rise to the nameHukou （literally “teapot mouth\"） Waterfall.

壺口瀑布有著悠久的歷史和美麗的傳說。酈道元的《水經(jīng)注》記載：“禹治水，壺口始?！毕鄠?，在堯舜時期，黃河水流到壺口受到了孟門山的堵阻，平陽一帶因此常常遭遇嚴重水災(zāi)。大禹在仔細考察地形后，決定采取疏通河道的方法來治理洪水。他親自來到壺口進行水文地質(zhì)勘測，并在這里留下了“引山表木”的首個標記。最終，他成功疏導(dǎo)了黃河，造福了百姓。

Hukou Waterfall is rich in history and steeped in captivating legends. According to Shui Jing Zhu （The Commentary on the Water Classic） by Li Daoyuan， \"the waterfall's origins are linked to Yu the Great’s flood control efforts.”Legend hasit that during the reignofemperorsYaoand Shun，theYellowRiver was blocked by Mengmen Mountain near Hukou， triggering devastating floods in Pingyang. After carefully surveying the terrain， Yu the Great devised aplanto dredgeand diverttheriver.Hepersonally traveled to Hukou to conduct hydrological and geological studies，leavingbehindwhatisbelieved to be one of the earliest recorded landmarks -“marking mountains with wooden posts.\"His efforts successfully redirected the Yellow River's course， greatly benefiting the people.

壺口瀑布的美景和航運 Beauty and Navigation of Hukou Waterfall

壺口瀑布的美，不僅在于它的壯觀，還在于它隨著季節(jié)變換呈現(xiàn)出的不同風貌。春季，遍野山花爛漫，岸邊凍崖消融，水流夾著大量冰塊沖擊而下，形成了威武壯觀的“三月桃花汛”，聲勢震天動地；夏季，黃河下游水位下降，落差加大，巨瀑破空而下，激起的水柱像箭一樣直射蒼穹，方圓數(shù)里水汽彌漫，可以聽到驚天霹靂的旱地驚雷；秋季，壺口秋風更顯雄渾，瀑布洪波怒號，激湍翻騰、奔瀉而下，水波淼（miao）茫之間，一道燦爛的彩虹顯現(xiàn)，呈現(xiàn)出“水底有龍掀巨浪，岸旁無雨掛彩虹”的壯觀景象；冬季，瀑布處于枯水期，河面冰封，銀裝素裹，盡顯靜謐之美。

Hukou Waterfall's beauty lies not only in its grandeur but also in its ever-changing seasonal charm. In spring， wildflowers blanket the surrounding hillsides.As the frozen cliffs along the riverbanks thaw，massive chunks of ice crash into the torrents below， creating the majestic “Peach Blossom Flood of March，” accompanied by an earth-shaking roar. Insummer，aswaterlevelsdropin thelowerYellow River， the waterfall's height increases. Torrents of water plunge forcefully into the abyss， sending columns of spray skyward like arrows piercing the sky. For miles， mist hangs in the air， and the waterfall's deafening roar rumbles like thunder across the land. Autumn is Hukou's most majestic season. The raging waters roarwith fury， churning and crashing with immense force.Amid the misty spray， a brilliant rainbow often emerges， creating the breathtaking spectacle of “dragons stirring up waves below， while a rainbow arcs above without a single drop of rain.\"Inwinter， the waterfall enters its low-water season. The river freezes， covering the landscape ina pristine blanketof silver and white and exuding a serene and striking charm.

瀑布雖然壯觀，但也給水運帶來了不便。黃河航運歷史悠久，兩岸居民曾就地取材，把整張牛皮或羊皮吹成氣囊，再懷抱氣囊順水漂流以渡險關(guān)。后來，為了安全和載貨，人們又設(shè)計出羊皮筏子渡河。

Despite its awe-inspiring beauty， Hukou Waterfall has long posed challenges to navigation. Along the ancient waterwaysof the Yellow River， locals ingeniously used available resources to overcome these obstacles. They fashioned entire cowhides or sheepskins into inflated bladders，which they clung to while floating downstream. Later， for greater safety and cargo transport， people developed sheepskin rafts to ferry goods across the river.

壺口瀑布的磅礴氣勢和陡峭崖壁使得船只無法直接從河中穿越，這迫使船夫們必須采取一種創(chuàng)新的策略一—旱地行船：他們在瀑布前選擇適宜的地點，將貨物小心翼翼地卸下，再利用人力或畜力，沿著河岸的崎嶇小路，將沉重的船體和貨物牽拉至瀑布下游水流相對平緩的地方，隨后重新裝載貨物，繼續(xù)航行。

The sheer force of the waterfall and the steep cliffs made direct boat passage impossible.This led to the adoption of a creative strategy known as “dry-land sailing.”Before reaching the fall， boatmen would carefully unload their cargo and dismantle their boats at a suitable spot. Using manpower or livestock， they painstakingly hauled boats and goods alongriverside trailsto calmerwatersdownstream. There， they reloaded their cargo and continued their journeyalong the Yellow River.

壺口瀑布與《黃河大合唱》 HukouWaterfall and Yellow River Cantata

黃百Piartoe琴快奏曲raimdase

“風在吼，馬在叫，黃河在咆哮，黃河在咆哮…這是幾乎每個中國人都耳熟能詳?shù)母柙~和旋律。《黃河大合唱》的創(chuàng)作靈感就源于詞作者光未然親渡黃河的真實經(jīng)歷。

“The wind is roaring， the horses are neighing， the Yellow River is roaring， the Yellow River is roaring...\"Theselyricsandmelodies from the Yellow River Cantata are familiar to almost every Chinese person. The inspiration for the song came from the real-life experiences of its lyricist， Guang Weiran， during his crossing of the Yellow River.

1938年11月1日，光未然率領(lǐng)抗敵演劇第三隊由晉西抗日游擊區(qū)奔赴延安。那天，他們從壺口下游附近的渡口第一次渡黃河，木船在狂濤巨浪中顛簸起伏，十分驚險。不遠處，壺口瀑布的巨浪激起白霧，與天際的云霧交融。轟隆??！轟隆隆！電閃雷鳴般的吶喊，驚天動地。目睹黃河船夫們與狂風巨浪的搏斗，聽到那悠長高亢、深沉有力的號子聲，他的內(nèi)心被深深觸動…在這里，他寫下了不朽的詩篇《黃河頌》?；氐窖影?，洗星海為這首詩譜了曲，著名的《黃河大合唱》就此誕生。

On November 1，1938，Guang Weiran led the 3rd Squad of the Anti-Enemy Troupe from the West Shanxi Anti-Japanese Invasion Guerrilla Zone to Yan'an.Thatday， theycrossed the Yellow River for the first time at a ferry just downstream from Hukou. The wooden boat rocked dangerously amid the surging waves，making for an intense and perilous crossing.Nearby，Hukou Waterfall thunderedas its towering spray merged with the misty clouds above， producing an earth-shaking roar like lightning splitting the sky.Watching the boatmen battle fierce winds and waves while chanting in deep，resonant voices deeply moved Guang Weiran，igniting his passion. It was at that moment that he penned the immortal poem“Ode to the Yellow River”Upon returning to Yan'an， composer Xian Xinghai set the poem to music，givingbirthto the famous Yellow River Cantata.

《黃河大合唱》曲調(diào)樸實優(yōu)美，具有鮮明的民族風格，是一部展現(xiàn)民族精神的氣勢恢弘的音樂作品，在眾多演出中成為壓軸之作。20世紀60年代，《黃河大合唱》又被改編為鋼琴協(xié)奏曲《黃河》，以更加國際化的音樂語言，向世界展示中華民族的堅韌與力量。

With its simple yet powerful melodies and strong national character， the Yellow River Cantata is a grand musicalworkthatembodiesthe spiritoftheChinese people.It is often performed as the grand finale in major concerts. In the 196Os， the cantata was adapted into theYellow RiverPiano Concerto，which used an international musical language to convey the resilience and strength of the Chinese nation to the world.

壺口瀑布的新潮流NewTrendsatHukouWaterfall

壺口瀑布的雄偉景象還常被選作眾多大型演出的背景，為觀眾帶來震撼的視聽感受。關(guān)于壺口瀑布的影集、畫集、詩集及散文作品層出不窮，這些作品從不同角度記錄了瀑布的千姿百態(tài)。

Hukou Waterfall's breathtaking scenery has frequently served as a backdrop for large-scale performances，offering audiences a visually and sonically awe-inspiring experience.

Countless photo albums，art collections，poetry anthologies， and prose works have been dedicated to capturing its power and beauty from different perspectives.

1987年，王來安乘坐由40個汽車輪胎制成的密封艙，成功挑戰(zhàn)順壺口瀑布而下，被譽為“黃河第一漂”。1997年，“亞洲飛人”柯受良駕駛汽車飛越壺口，創(chuàng)造了世界跨度最大的飛車紀錄，被稱為“世界第一飛”。壺口瀑布對挑戰(zhàn)者來說，是勇氣與夢想的代名詞。之后，無人機穿越、滑翔傘飛躍等極限挑戰(zhàn)也為壺口瀑布增添了新的傳奇色彩，吸引了無數(shù)極限運動愛好者。

In 1987，adventurer Wang Lai'an demonstrated extraordinary courage by descending the waterfall ina sealed capsule made from 4O car tires. This feat， dubbed the“FirstDrift on the Yellow River， marked a historic challenge against Hukou's mighty currents. A decade later， in 1997， “Asia's Flying Man\" KeShouliang drove a car at breakneck speed and leaped across Hukou， setting the world record for the longest car jump，which was hailed as the“World's First Flight. Since then，Hukou has become a symbol of courage and ambition for adventurers. Extreme challenges such as drone flights through the waterfall and paragliding leaps have added new layers of legend， making Hukou a mecca for thrill-seekers.

21世紀初，隨著數(shù)字技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，壺口瀑布也煥發(fā)新生。通過高清影像、3D建模及虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)，全球各地的觀眾得以身臨其境地感受黃河瀑布的壯美。

In the 21st century，advances in digital technology have breathed new life into Hukou Waterfall's imagery. High-definition footage，3D modeling， and virtual reality technology now allow audiencesworldwide to experience the Yellow River's most spectacular waterfall as if they were there in person.