Unit 6 Space and beyond

Section Ⅰ Starting out amp; Understanding ideas

基礎(chǔ)訓練

單詞拼寫 根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示，用本部分所學單詞的正確形式填空。

1. At the time， I thought it normal and u ， so I didn’t pay much attention to it.

2. The children’s s lengthened as the sun went down.

3. The captain cares about the safety of both the c and the passengers.

4. Our class will make an e to the seaside. We are very happy about that.

5. He covered her mouth to stop her from （尖聲大叫）.

6. Production has been （暫停） while safety checks are carried out.

7. He was （悲慘地） killed in an accident earlier this year.

8. I found an old photo in my bookcase， which （重新喚起） many of my memories.

選擇填空 用方框中所給短語的適當形式填空。

set foot on become accustomed to cast a shadow on

tune in one’s heart in one’s mouth

1. He quickly the new way of life here and kind of enjoyed it.

2. With ， Jenny moved towards the dark.

3. No man has ever that rocky island; it’s impossible to land there.

4. Mike always at ten o’clock to hear the news.

5. Don’t let today’s disappointment tomorrow’s dreams.

課文語法填空

Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon back on 20 July， 1969. 1 " had once been considered impossible had been achieved. 2 （follow） the Moon landings， space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public. 3 （tragic）， the Challenger space shuttle exploded after it took off on 28 January 1986， and all seven astronauts on board were killed. It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and cast a shadow 4 people’s hearts. After the disaster， space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster 5 （investigate）. But there was never any doubt that manned 6 （flight） would continue， and on 29 September 1988， the space shuttle programme resumed with the 7 （success） launch of Discovery. It 8 （be） over 30 years since the 9 （lose） of Challenger. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars， no matter 10 distant they might seem.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

6. " 7. " 8. " 9. " 10.

閱讀理解

In about 21 years， it may finally be time to look up. A recently discovered asteroid （小行星） has a chance of hitting the Earth on Valentine’s Day in 2046. It was discovered on 26 February， 2023 at an observatory in San Pedro de Atacama， Chile.

While the thought of an asteroid hitting the earth may sound concerning， NASA says people shouldn’t be worried.

The asteroid has an estimated diameter of 160 feet， which is about the same size as an Olympic swimming pool or the width of a football field.

“We’ve been tracking a new asteroid named 2023 DW that has a very small chance of impacting the Earth. Often when new objects are discovered， it takes several weeks’ data to reduce the uncertainties and adequately （足夠地） predict their orbits years into the future，” NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office （PDCO） said.

The asteroid is ranked on the Torino Scale as Level 1 threat. The scale is a tool to categorize potential Earth impacts， with zero being no threat and 10 being something that can cause a global disaster. One on the Torino Scale means 2023 DW is in the normal， or green zone.

“Current calculations show the chance of collision （碰撞） is extremely unlikely with no need for public concern，” NASA says of the green zone. “New telescopic observations will very likely lead to re-assignment to Level 0.”

Although 2023 DW doesn’t pose a great risk to the Earth， NASA has been continuing to work to defend our planet from any asteroid that could cause disaster.

In September， 2022， NASA crashed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft， or DART， into an asteroid to see if it could change the trajectory of the space rock. NASA later confirmed the mission was a success， and is continuing to research how effective the method is， should a massive asteroid be headed our way.

1. What did NASA’s PDCO say about 2023 DW？

A. It is too close to the Earth. B. It must be destroyed in space.

C. Its orbit is still uncertain now. D. Its orbit should be changed.

2. How is 2023 DW ranked on the Torino Scale？

A. As Level zero threat. " " " B. As Level ten threat.

C. In the normal zone. " " " D. In the threatening zone.

3. What does the underlined word “trajectory” mean in the last paragraph？

A. Size. B. Weight. C. Angle. D. Path.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A. An Asteroid Was Discovered at an Observatory in Chile

B. An Asteroid Is Coming Our Way， Unlikely to Hit Us

C. A Space Rock Has Just Passed the Earth

D. A Spacecraft Has Been Crashed Recently

閱讀七選五

In 1969， when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon， many people thought soon we would be regularly visiting other planets. 1 The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous. Some people believe it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to improve our lives. Why do we continue to explore space， then？

2 From the very early days of human life on the Earth， our curiosity about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places. While space exploration is a reality， we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe. With each space mission comes greater insight， thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure.

With technologies developed for space exploration， we can solve some big problems facing mankind， making our lives safer and easier. 3 Originally applied to the space shuttle launch， they have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes to protect buildings and save lives.

Although space exploration demands huge investment， it can actually bring great economic value. The global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 4 Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts. There are many support staff on the ground， such as engineers and research assistants.

Moreover， the amazing work can provide education and inspiration for the next generation. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly inspiring to witness （見證）. These moments shape children’s lives forever. 5 When you’ve seen a man walk on the Moon， you grow up believing anything is possible！

A. This is clearly not the case.

B. It is in our nature to explore.

C. The universe is too mysterious.

D. One of these is earthquake shock absorbers.

E. It can also provide a variety of career opportunities.

F. These scientific and technological advances can benefit societies in many areas.

G. They also motivate the children to become the scientists and engineers of the future.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

單句語法填空 在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

1. The （simulate） is expected to enter service in early 2026 in the program.

2. My teacher asked me why I didn’t sign up the important competition.

3. Looking into his eyes， she seemed to take all he said.

4. An artist must make contact nature so as to be creative.

5. Completed projects must （submit） by 10 March.

6. Things might （be） different if I’d talked a bit more.

7. When you don’t hold an office， you don’t need （consider） the policies.

8. I feared I wouldn’t be able （control） such a strong horse.

用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空

1. I love the weekend， because I not get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.

2. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I get enough money.

3. you mind my troubling you with some questions？

4. Peter come with us， but he isn’t very sure yet.

5.The players from the football club have been doing very well recently， so they win the final.

用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞完成句子

1. 我們昨晚本應(yīng)該打掃屋子的，但我們卻去聽音樂會了。

We the house last night， but we went to the concert instead.

2. 我們本來可以準時完成任務(wù)的，但交通堵塞毀了我們的計劃。

We the task on time， but the heavy traffic destroyed our plan.

3. 你本沒有必要澆花的，因為要下雨了。

You the flowers， for it is going to rain.

4. 他們正竭盡所能尋找那個失蹤的男孩。

They are doing to search for the lost boy.

5.請注意，任何人只要能回答出一個問題就會得到一份獎品。

Attention， please. Whoever can answer one of the questions .

完形填空

My brother and I were in Orlando， Florida to witness our first space shuttle launch. It’s the 1 of the nature of success： success takes off like a rocket.

Standing close to the space shuttle drives home one 2 point—the shuttle is the height of a 15-story building. On TV the accomplishments look so much 3 and easier. The countdown begins through the small 4 of hundreds of portable radios all tuned to the NASA station. It’s enough to get your heart beating out of your chest. It is a（n） 5 moment.

When time is up， the side booster rockets are 6 . The first things you 7 are large white steam clouds exploding away. Through the steam， you see the 8 power. Then the space shuttle begins to inch off the pad. Thousands upon millions of pounds of push can hardly 9 the shuttle at all. But with ever increasing ease， the shuttle picks up and roars into the 10 .

It is within the first two minutes to launch the space shuttle that the great success lesson is 11 . Fact： 85% of the shuttle’s fuel is 12 within the first 2 minutes just to get the super structure to its orbital altitude. That’s how success 13 off： the first steps you start a career are the hardest and will require big consumption of energy—a great 14 . However， if you persist through the launch period， which can seem almost 15 for quite some time， everything gets easier and your achievements get bigger.

1. A. gift B. idea C. proof D. question

2. A. unforgettable B. strange C. unstable D. ineffective

3. A. greater B. smaller C. faster D. brighter

4. A. workers B. actors C. writers D. speakers

5. A. awkward B. scary C. exciting D. angry

6. A. pull on B. lit up C. turned on D. held up

7. A. see B. remember C. miss D. want

8. A. wind B. electricity C. fire D. water

9. A. lift B. leave C. stick D. help

10. A. universe B. cloud C. sky D. space

11. A. present B. apparent C. ordinary D. absolute

12. A. formed B. prepared C. wasted D. consumed

13. A. comes B. takes C. pays D. sets

14. A. goal B. push C. pressure D. principle

15. A. useless B. careless C. wireless D. priceless

語法填空

Passage 1

Scientists have presented several objectives for a future international lunar research station， 1 （include） Moon-based Earth observation and lunar resource utilization （利用）， China Science Daily 2 （report） on Friday.

Zou Yongliao， head of the lunar and deep space exploration division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences， revealed （透露） the goals at a recent 3 （nation） space conference. China plans 4 （establish） a basic model for a lunar research station based on two planned exploration missions by 2028， and 5 （subsequent） expand it into an international one.

According to Zou， as scientists continue to develop the blueprint for the research station， they have already made progress by coming up 6 specific objectives for science and application. These objectives mainly involve studying the Moon’s evolution， exploring star formation and activities， and observing the Sun and the Earth from the Moon.

Zou also mentioned the 7 （perform） of scientific experiments， like growing 8 （plant） on the lunar surface， and the utilization of lunar resources， such as Moon minerals 9 solar energy. The scientist noted that the Moon is still the “main field” of deep space exploration and the construction of an international lunar research station was 10 historical necessity.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

6. " 7. " 8. " 9. " 10.

Passage 2

Astronomers study the universe in different ways. Some are professionals， 1 （mean） that they make their living that way. Others study objects in space as a hobby. They 2 （know） as amateur （業(yè)余的） astronomers.

Some astronomers work in laboratories. There they study actual samples of objects 3 have been collected by spaceships. These include meteorites， rock samples from the Moon， and dust particles.

Many astronomers observe distant objects 4 the help of telescopes. Telescopes are different in size." Some are small enough to be carried by hand 5 （easy）. Large telescopes are often housed in buildings known as observatories. The Hubble Space Telescope is high above Earth and is a floating observatory." The Hubble records 6 （image） of distant space objects. It then 7 （send） the information to astronomers on Earth. Other manned and unmanned spaceships also gather information about 8 Sun， Moon， and planets.

Astronomers also use cameras and other instruments 9 （record） information about distant objects. Photographs provide astronomers with a visual record of 10 （they） observations. Other instruments can help uncover faint， hard-to-find objects in outer space. These instruments measure the light and other radiation coming from the objects.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

6. " 7. " 8. " 9. " 10.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

單詞填空 用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1.Most stars are not to the naked eye so they are almost to us when we look at the sky." （visible）

2.Computer software can be used as a to conditions on the seabed. （simulate）

3.Though he has talent as a musician， he has lived an life as a common man. （exception）

4. ， cuts in the health service could have consequences for patients. （tragic）

5.We need to the paper. When is the final date for the ？ （submit）

6. ， it will be a beautiful city with buildings of every age and style. （conceive）

單句表達 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)提示翻譯句子。

1. 通常認為，良好的教育對年輕人是有益的。（It is/was + v.-ed + that…）

2. 問題越困難，我就越可能回答不出來。（the + 比較級…， the + 比較級…）

3. 他們過去從事音樂研究。（be engaged in）

4. 我們這一組由老師、學生及家長組成。（be composed of）

5. 人類在探索真理的過程中必然會遭受挫折。（quest for）

提示寫作

選用所給詞匯或句型造句，并組成一段連貫的短文（80詞左右）。

construct suspend quest for be engaged in call to No wonder…

It is/was + v.-ed + that… There is/was never any doubt that…

閱讀理解

A

NASA’s pioneering planetary defense probe， DART， spent over 300 days calmly traveling through space toward its own target： an asteroid the size of a football field， known as Dimorphos. At around 3 pm on Monday， the rock emerged; just a little white light on the probe’s camera.

Second by second， the $325 million， 1，200-pound spacecraft inched closer to its final destination. The asteroid grew larger， becoming a light spot， then a rough globe. Eventually， it enveloped the screen. At 4：14 pm， DART’s cameras went red. In mission control， a team member’s voice was unclear with noise over the intercom （內(nèi)部通話系統(tǒng)）， indicating a loss of signal.

The probe had crashed into the asteroid at around 14，000 miles per hour. Now DART is at rest on the surface of Dimorphos. That’s exactly what NASA had hoped for. Cheers and congratulations rang out through the control room at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory （JHUAPL） in Maryland.

“We’ve worked on this mission for at least seven years now，” said Elena Adams， the DART system engineer at JHUAPL， continuing “to see it so beautifully concluded today was just an incredible feeling—and also， incredibly tiring.”

Unlike the rest of NASA’s deep space fleet of robots， DART was doomed （毀滅） by design. It’s the first test of a planetary defense technology that could one day help protect the Earth from a wandering asteroid or comet by deliberately striking it and sending it off course. DART was launched in November 2021 on a carefully planned striking course to an asteroid pair， known as Didymos and Dimorphos. Its track was set and monitored by artificial intelligence without the ability to course correct （調(diào)整方向） from the team at Johns Hopkins， which designed， developed and managed the craft.

“We’re setting out on a new era of humankind. An era in which， we， potentially have the capability to protect ourselves from a dangerous， risky asteroid impact，” said Lori Glaze， NASA’s Planetary Science Division director.

1. What was DART intended to do？

A. Explore a planet. B. Strike an asteroid.

C. Probe the universe. D. Broadcast football matches.

2. Why did the asteroid look larger on the probe’s camera？

A. The probe moved faster. B. The camera dropped.

C. The probe drew nearer. D. The camera was broken.

3. What did Lori Glaze say about the success of DART？

A. It was accidental. B. It was significant.

C. It was surprising. D. It was rational.

4. Where can we find the text most probably？

A. In a newspaper. B. In a history book.

C. In a science fiction novel. D. In a fashion magazine.

B

The universe is incredibly vast. The diameter （直徑） of the observable universe is estimated to be about 93 billion light years across. With just our eyes， we can generally only see a few thousand light years worth of distance though there are some objects we can see that are much farther away. The farthest object we can see with our eyes is Andromeda Galaxy （仙女座星系） located 2.5 million light years away， and yet it is only visible if there is little light pollution. In order to see farther into space， we must rely on telescopes. How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes？

The Hubble Space Telescope （HST） was the record holder for the farthest visible distance in space until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope （JWST） in 2021. JWST is now the most powerful telescope ever built， and it is able to see the universe as it is only 200 million years after the Big Bang. That means that JWST is able to piece together an additional 300 million years of universal history compared to HST. JWST will be able to study some of the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang.

The farthest physical distance we can see is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation （CMBR）. CMBR can be thought of as the echo of the Big Bang as it is the leftover radiation from the birth of the universe. The CMBR itself is the farthest possible distance humans can see as it represents the moment when the universe became transparent to light. Although light did exist before CMBR， gas and dust were simply too dense for light to cross space. CMBR formed only 380，000 years after the Big Bang， and so we are seeing the universe prior to the formation of even the first stars.

5. Why does the author mention Andromeda Galaxy？

A. To present the origin of the universe. B. To stress space pollution is severe.

C. To say our vision range is too limited. D. To prove humans’ wonderful views of space.

6. What can we learn about JWST according to Paragraph 2？

A. It was launched in 2022.

B. It is more advanced than HST.

C. It can see 300 million years after the Big Bang.

D. It was used to study the formation of the first galaxies.

7. What does the underlined word “dense” in the last paragraph mean？

A. Distant. B. Rare." " " C. Tiny. D. Thick.

8. What is the best title for the text？

A. How Far Can Humans See in Space？ B. How Will JWST Be Applied？

C. How Will Humans Explore Space？ D. How Far Can JWST See？

完形填空

Space is a dangerous place， not only because of meteors （流星） but also because of rays from the Sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our 1 blanket on the Earth. Light gets through， and this is 2 for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat， too， makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet （紫外線的） rays get into the 3 . Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space， but 4 amounts of radiation from the Sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere， they are 5 to this radiation， but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft， if they are inside， do 6 a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known 7 to explorers in space. Doses （劑量） of radiation are 8 in units called “rem （雷姆）”. We all 9 radiation here on the Earth from the Sun， from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The" 10 dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two millirem; it 11 according to where you live， and this is a very rough 12 . Scientists have reason to think that a man can 13 up with far more radiation without being damaged; the figure of 60 rem has been agreed. The trouble is that it is extremely 14 to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well. We 15 do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere.

1. A. protective" " " B. accustomed" C. simulated" " D. awesome

2. A. unexceptional" B. invisible" " C. curious" " " D. essential

3. A. environment" " B. atmosphere" C. space" " " " D. Earth

4. A. harmless B. various" " " C. enormous" " D. proper

5. A. shown" " " " B. attached C. led D. exposed

6. A. prevent" " " B. submit" " " " C. fetch" " " D. deliver

7. A. shadow" " " B. danger" " " " C. benefit" " " D. helmet

8. A. used B. suspended" " " C. measured" " D. removed

9. A. receive" " " B. guess C. bring" " " " D. see

10. A. low B. large C. fixed D. normal

11. A. varies" " " " B. spreads C. converts" " D. weakens

12. A. balance" " " B. estimate" " " " C. purpose" " " D. stress

13. A. keep B. come C. put D. catch

14. A. important" " " " B. scientific C. fantastic D. difficult

15. A. accidentally B. simply" " " " C. partly D. tragically

Writing

話題表達指導

話題介紹

話題： 太空生活。要求運用本單元的核心知識，結(jié)合你所了解的太空知識，合理想象，構(gòu)思你自己的太空生活日志，包括所經(jīng)歷的事情、感受以及看法等。

建議體裁： 應(yīng)用文（日志）

注意事項：按時間的先后順序描述在太空中的生活，注意詳略得當。另見下表：

話題 太空生活

體裁 日志

人稱 第一人稱

常用時態(tài) 一般過去時（描述在太空中的生活）

題例導學

題目

假如你有幸參加了一個太空旅行項目，已經(jīng)在太空生活了幾天。請你用英語寫一篇日志，向地球上的朋友簡單介紹你在太空第一天的生活場景，包括吃飯、鍛煉、睡覺等方面。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

思路引導1·要點分析

1. 描述在太空中的生活：吃飯、鍛煉、睡覺等方面。

2. 感受或看法：有趣、難忘、有收獲等。

思路引導2·本單元語言知識運用

根據(jù)漢語意思及提示翻譯句子。

1. 地球上最簡單的日常工作在太空中也會變得非常困難。（straightforward， can）

2. 我開始吃早餐，包括一些面包和一袋果汁。（be composed of）

3. 我不得不拿一根吸管來喝果汁。（have to， fetch）

4. 我需要鍛煉一段時間。（work out）

5. 毫無疑問，我需要把睡袋綁在墻上。（There is/was never any doubt that…）

思路引導3·連句成篇

范例展示

Sunday 7 July

There being no gravity， the most straightforward daily tasks on the Earth can be very difficult in space.

After getting up， I began to have breakfast， which was composed of some bread and a bag of fruit juice. I had to fetch a straw to drink the juice. Having worked for two hours， I needed to work out for some time to keep my muscles strong. I tied my feet to a special machine so that I wouldn’t float away. When it comes to sleeping， there was never any doubt that I needed to tie my sleeping bag to the wall to have a good sleep.

Living in space is rather difficult but fun. I enjoy it very much.

話題表達

假如今天是2050年6月20日，星期一。你們學校組織了一次去火星的旅行。在火星上你們到處參觀，舉行聚會，與外星人交流……總之，你們玩得很愉快。請根據(jù)以上提示，寫一篇日志，描述你這一天的火星之旅。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短語與句型回顧

短語

1. set foot 登上；踏上

2. become 習慣（于）

3.one’s heart one’s mouth 某人的心跳到了嗓子眼兒

4. go 出錯；出故障

5. 航天飛機

6. take 起飛

7.tune 收看（電視）；收聽（廣播）

8. on 給……蒙上陰影

9. be cut 突然中斷

10. call 召喚

11. the stars 有九天攬月之志；努力完成壯舉

12.make contact 與……取得聯(lián)系

13. sign up 報名參加

14. reality 事實上；實際上

15. the 肉眼

16. be engaged 從事于；忙于

17. be composed 由……組成

18. the edge of 在……邊緣

19. work 鍛煉

20. quest 對……追求

21. be close 靠近；接近

句型

1. There is/was never any doubt that…

But （毫無疑問） manned flights would continue…

2. No wonder…

（難怪） so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye…

3. It is/was + v.-ed + that…

Soon， （人們認識到） the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.

4. the + 比較級…， the + 比較級…

（我們知道得越多）， （就越覺得） our ignorance…

請根據(jù)提示，運用本單元核心知識，就“太空探索”的話題，談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?/p>

提示：需用以下句型。

1. There is/was no doubt that…

2. It is believed that we humans will…

3. The fact that… means…

4. Let’s hope that…