Unit 4 Everyday economics

Section Ⅰ Starting out amp; Understanding ideas

單詞拼寫 根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示，用本部分所學(xué)單詞的正確形式填空。

1.John looked b and said he had no idea what I was talking about.

2.She likes comparing prices before she makes a p .

3.Mary g us across the busy road to the museum yesterday.

4.A b is an extra amount of money that is added to someone’s pay， usually because he or she has worked very hard.

5.I felt （頭暈?zāi)垦５模?when I looked down from the top of the television tower.

6.Believe in your （潛力） and study hard， and you will surely achieve your dream.

7.He bent forward and laid a kiss softly upon her （額頭）.

8.Luckily his disease was discovered in an early （階段）.

選擇填空 用方框中所給短語填空。

a world away from as to end up row upon row start out

1. She offered no explanation why she had left so suddenly.

2. Nearer in sight are grey housetops and farther on stand of buildings.

3. His new luxury house was the tiny house where he was born.

4. If you try to remember everything， you may remembering nothing.

5. Most successful business owners do not as successes. They also make progress step by step.

課文語法填空

Surrounded by roses as she was growing up， Zhang Yue 1 （pay） them little attention. It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning 2 （visit） her parents that Zhang realized the potential.

Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses， 3 surprised many people. She is not the only young person who 4 （bite） by the start-up bug. All over the world， an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses， as the growing economy creates more 5 （opportunity）. A few， like Zhang Yue， find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all-important input and support 6 more experienced business people.

As someone who grew up in the country， Zhang already knew about growing plants. However， like any 7 （entrepreneurial） who was just starting out， she still had a lot to learn. She has overcome 8 number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today.

9 （see） her peers who also dream of success and independence， Zhang has mixed feelings. Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit， she advises that people be realistic and seek 10 （guide） from expert consultants before rushing into things.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

6. " 7. " 8. " 9. " 10.

閱讀理解

In USA， when you don’t have a car and need to get around， are you more likely to call for an Uber or Lyft， or a cab？ Last Friday， Lyft—the ride-sharing company， went public as its stocks （股票） started trading on the market. Lyft has become the first big initial public offering of the “gig economy” age. While the company is not making profits yet， it is changing the meaning of work. What is gig economy and what makes it so appealing？

Gig work is independent contracts or part-time jobs such as Uber. In the gig economy， companies hire independent contractors instead of full-time employees. This is different from traditional companies. In the past， only small companies hired contractors， while today， employers like Amazon and Google rely on temporary workforce.

Gig work appeals to different people for different reasons. For some， it affords flexible timings and for others who are looking for full-time jobs， it provides a source of income to support themselves. Some people work a full-time job and supplement （補(bǔ)充） their salary with gig jobs such as driving for Uber or Lyft.

Joining the gig economy may be simple， but maintaining a steady career is easier said than done. Gig work comes with unsteady pay and workloads. You’re your own boss. It sounds fun， but when you have no self-control and an unsteady job， you might splurge all your money the first week and live on bread pieces for the rest of the month！ Besides a strong sense of responsibility， gig workers have to stay up to date to get companies to hire them.

Despite the challenges gig workers face， nearly 60 million Americans are part of this workforce. As this number grows， we have to see how society and companies adapt to this new world of work！

1. What can we learn about Lyft from the first paragraph？

A. It has built up a large fortune. B. It employs full-time workers.

C. It marks the arrival of gig economy age. D. It appeals to people as a means of public transport.

2. Who are most likely to become gig workers？

A. People seeking for a steady income. B. Those desperate to get paid vacations.

C. People seeking for part-time jobs. D. Those concerned about retirement accounts.

3. What does the underlined word “splurge” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？

A. Assign. B. Save. C. Earn. D. Spend.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph？

A. Gig workers have to face some potential challenges.

B. Gig workers have to possess some much-needed qualities.

C. The appearance of gig companies will solve the job problems.

D. People should adjust to new work trends with the rise of gig economy.

閱讀七選五

Anyone who has children has likely heard “I’m bored！” too many times. When you’re on a budget， it can be tough to think of ways to entertain the family that don’t cost a lot of money. 1

Head to the library， and not just check out books. Look at the library’s community events calendar. Most libraries have everything from story times for children to game nights for teens.

2

Camp in a national forest or build a sandcastle. A lot of the sites are free to use， though they do lack facilities. 3 If there’s no beach nearby， do the same in the sandbox at a playground.

4 Most cities have at least one local community center. There， you can pick up a park and recreation schedule， with information on free events taking place throughout the year， such as hikes， holiday parties， art festivals， outdoor movies and concerts in the park.

Tour the fire station. Most firefighters will give you and your kids a free tour， as long as you call and schedule it ahead of time. 5 For safety reasons， fire stations do not generally admit children under the age of four.

Check out a state park. Stop by the ranger station （公園管理處） and ask about free programs for kids， such as nature walks and hands-on science classes. Some parks have junior ranger badges" children can earn by completing conservation-related activities.

A. Visit the local community center.

B. Go to the beach and build a sandcastle.

C. Spend more time finding more free information.

D. The time when children visit is very important.

E. Kids can learn about fire safety and tour the facilities.

F. Many libraries also have enrichment classes offered free of charge.

G. Fortunately， there are many options available to you if you know where to look.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

單句語法填空 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

1.You must learn to analyze their opinions because everyone’s opinion is （subject）.

2.The two policemen were completely trusted， in fact they were.

3.Students should avoid allowing their personal feelings to interfere their study.

4.The factory was closed because it went debt.

5.To the surprise of the little boy， the door opened （automatic） as he approached.

6.Huawei’s leading position in 5G technology is the result of years of technological （accumulate）.

7.As we know， there is widespread （discriminate） against older people in the job market.

8. Moving house put a severe pressure on our （financial）.

用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空

1.The dogs were trained by their masters had much experience of caring for animals.

2.Self-driving is a new field China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.

3. Mary， sister I shared a room with at college， has gone to work in Germany.

4. Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded？

5. The result was not the same as they had expected， was rather disappointing.

用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞完成句子

1. 他們住在一棟高樓里，在樓的前面矗立著一棵大樹。

They live in a tall building， .

2. 組里共有60人，其中有一半是臨時(shí)工。

There are 60 people in the group， migrant workers.

3. 結(jié)果他很成功，這超出了我們的期望。

He turned out to be very successful， .

4. 我學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)校離家很遠(yuǎn)。

The school is far from my home.

5. 這就是去年建成的那家博物館嗎？

Is this the museum ？

完形填空

When things around the house stop working， people probably just throw them away. There are many 1 for this trend. In some areas， it’s difficult to find people who can make repairs， and 2 things can be expensive. Also， some small appliances are so 3 that it’s easier to just buy a new one.

Martine Postma decided there must be a better way. Her 4 was Repair Cafe： places where people can take damaged or torn items. There they will find tools， 5 and volunteer experts to help with repairs.

Postma’s first Repair Cafe opened in 2009 and was a huge 6 . News of the cafe spread， and people began asking how they could 7 their own. In 2011， Postma established the Repair Cafe Foundation. This 8 organization provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group. Today， there are roughly 2，000 Repair Cafe around the world. Everything is free， but donations are greatly 9 .

The cafes not only provide help with repairs， they also 10 community ties. Postma has often heard visitors say， “This is the kind of world I want to 11 ！” In addition， valuable 12 is passed along and preserved.

In an interview， Postma described how 13 it is watching people who really want to help one another. Postma summed up the 14 of Repair Cafes best in the following words： “Everyone is a（n） 15 and a receiver.”

1. A. benefits B. chances C. reasons D. goals

2. A. throwing B. buying C. making D. fixing

3. A. cheap B. old C. funny D. useful

4. A. achievement B. solution C. curiosity D. result

5. A. resources B. funds C. skills D. rewards

6. A. luck B. fame C. success D. attempt

7. A. speak B. start C. think D. sell

8. A. nonprofit B. business C. culture D. chain

9. A. responded B. suggested C. appreciated D. refused

10. A. test B. strengthen C. break D. earn

11. A. show off B. pass by C. live in D. run away

12. A. knowledge B. lesson C. habit D. instruction

13. A. exciting B. tiring C. surprising D. embarrassing

14. A. custom B. mission C. journey D. experience

15. A. host B. owner C. organizer D. giver

語法填空

Passage 1

Many families in the United States have a 1 （large） income now than ever before， but people are finding it difficult 2 （make） ends meet anyway.

Why isn’t a dollar worth as much as it used to be？ Economists say that the cost of living is the money that a family must pay 3 the necessities of life. For many years now， the cost of living has increased 4 （great）， so the value of the dollar has decreased.

No one fully understands why the cost of living keeps 5 （increase）， but economists believe that workers and producers can make 6 （price） go up. As workers earn money， they have more money to spend， so they demand more goods. If there is 7 demand for certain goods， the prices of these goods go up. At the same time， if there’s a 8 （short） of goods， the prices also increase.

Families need to know 9 happens to their money. They need to make their income meet the cost of living， so many people plan a family budget. Budgeting 10 （help） you spend your money wisely as the cost of living increases.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

6. " 7. " 8. " 9. " 10.

Passage 2

Social media usually 1 （mean） a website or an app where users can share their ideas， pictures， and videos with other users of the same service.

One thing that makes social media 2 （difference） from older kinds of media like newspapers and TV is that ordinary users are 3 ones that create the “content”—what gets 4 （show） on the website. People put information and pictures about what they are doing on the website. They can “follow” friends 5 （see） what they are doing or saying.

Social media companies save information about 6 their users do and like. This information is often called “data”. User data is beneficial to companies offering products and services 7 the Internet when used as marketing research. Usually social media companies make money when other companies pay to show ads or videos to their users.

What does the future hold for social media？ It’s difficult to anticipate anything exactly and there is no exact 8 （conclude）， but if one thing can 9 （say） about the future of social media， it will 10 （probable） be more personalized and less noisy. Over-sharing will be less of a problem and filtering out （過濾） unwanted information will become a stronger trend.

1. " 2. " 3. " 4. " 5.

6. " 7. " 8. " 9. " 10.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

單詞填空 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.He was so that he cried with anger and . In fact， it’s healthier to release feelings than to bottle them up. （frustrate）

2.The Red Cross food and clothing to people in trouble. The of food and clothing helps them go through difficulties. （distribute）

3.She a large fortune after years of hard work， and the process was full of bitterness. （accumulate）

4.Now he is in difficulties so he is still dependent on her parents." （finance）

5.Her latest were designer clothes， which in Italy. （purchase）

6.We were lucky to by a policeman， under whose we managed to find the bus stop. （guide）

單句表達(dá) 根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)提示翻譯句子。

1. 一些植物對溫度很敏感，以致它們只能在涼爽的地方存活，這是自然界常有的事。（as is often the case）

_____________________________________________________________________

2. 一個(gè)最基本的事實(shí)是你需要工作來保證最基本的開銷。（make ends meet）

_____________________________________________________________________

3. 不管你同意與否，我都要獨(dú)自去那里。（whether引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句）

_____________________________________________________________________

4. 他經(jīng)常向我請教學(xué)習(xí)英語的方法。（consult sb about sth）

_____________________________________________________________________

5. 她使用不同的方法來鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生發(fā)揮出他們的潛能。（achieve one’s potential）

_____________________________________________________________________

提示寫作

選用所給詞匯或句型造句，并組成一段連貫的短文（80詞左右）。

purchase interfere have the potential to as to in the hope of

What if...？ whether... or... What is in no doubt is that...

閱讀理解

A

In recent years， China is fast developing a reputation as a great coffee producer. “Coffee has huge potential in China，” says Liu Ying， who is working in private investment in Beijing and grew coffee in Pu’er five years ago. “The younger generation prefers to drink coffee in their offices much more than tea.”

Still， Pu’er is a synonym of tea. It is a region of China known for thousands of years of tea growing. Now， a new crop is beginning to change the country’s landscape： coffee. This town near the Laos border is surrounded by green hills; it produces Pu’er tea. And the region’s mild climate is also perfect for growing Arabica coffee. And as some China’s young people move away from traditional tea in favor of the invigorating coffee， Pu’er’s farmers are catering to the demand. Yunnan accounts for 98% of China’s coffee harvest， with half coming from the misty landscape around Pu’er.

With global coffee prices at record lows， Yunnan farmers are processing beans in bespoke （定制的） ways to create distinct flavors—allowing them to enter the market of specialty coffee. “At current coffee prices， I can’t even feed my family，” says the farmer Yang. “My only way out is to produce specialty coffee， to make the best coffee beans.” That means letting beans dry in their cherries， thus producing a wild， fruity flavor， or allowing them to “honey” in their sugary inner layer， which adds a slight sweetness.

“If I told you this was Colombian or Panama coffee， nobody would argue with me，” says Samuel Gurel， CEO of Pu’er’s Torch Coffee Roasters， as Yang breaks into laughter. “It’s a great example of how Chinese coffee is evolving.”

1. What does the underlined word “synonym” in Paragraph 2 mean？

A. Company." B. Future." C. Symbol." D. Farmland.

2. What is the favorable factor of planting Arabica coffee according to the text？

A. The rich soil." " B. The mild climate.

C. The excellent machine." D. The water in Pu’er.

3. What does Samuel Gurel think of Yang’s coffee beans？

A. He is worried about it." B. He thinks highly of it.

C. He doubts its future. D. He shows special interest in it.

4. What can be inferred from the text？

A. Coffee is gaining ground in China.

B. Bespoke coffee in Yunnan has a similar flavor.

C. Coffee is replacing Pu’er tea in Yunnan Province.

D. China has become a top coffee producer in the world.

B

In recent years， vertical （垂直的） farming has appeared as a solution to the growing demand for food in urban areas. This innovative farming approach involves planting crops within a controlled environment. By making use of high buildings， vertical farms can produce crops year-round， independent of weather conditions， while using considerably less water and land than traditional farming.

One of the key advantages of vertical farming is its ability to fully use space. In cities like Singapore， which is short of arable （可耕的） land， vertical farms have successfully grown leafy greens and herbs in high-rise buildings. These farms use hydroponic systems that deliver water and nutrients directly to the roots of plants， reducing the need for soil and large pieces of land.

Moreover， vertical farming significantly reduces the carbon emission in the process of transporting food from countryside to urban areas. By growing food directly in cities， these farms cut down on the emissions from transportation， offering fresher produce to consumers in cities. This local approach to farming also helps in creating job opportunities.

However， the technology behind vertical farming is not without its hurdles （障礙）. The initial investment for setting up a vertical farm can be high， particularly due to the costs of specialized lighting and climate control systems. Additionally， while vertical farms can grow vegetables and fruits， they are currently not well-suited for crops like wheat or rice， which require large fields.

Despite these hurdles， the benefits of vertical farming， such as higher production and reduced environmental impact， make it a model for the future of agriculture， especially in cities with large population.

5. What can we know about Singapore from Paragraph 2？

A. It uses its arable land creatively. B. It lacks a key agricultural resource.

C. It benefits from vertical farming greatly. D. It creates the concept of vertical farming.

6. How does vertical farming help to reduce carbon emission？

A. It helps to control urban expansion. B. It uses environment-friendly energy.

C. It adopts advanced ways to plant crops. D. It shortens the distance to transport food.

7. What does the author highlight about vertical farming in Paragraph 4？

A. Its investment. B. Its challenges. C. Its development. D. Its advantages.

8. How does the author probably like vertical farming？

A. Risky. B. Promising. C. Impractical. D. High-developed.

完形填空

Over the past 10 years， Chen Jinying， 90， has paid off 20.77 million yuan to her lenders. Chen used to be a doctor and she discovered there was a 1 market for down coats （羽絨服） for elderly people， so after she retired in the early 1990s， she 2 up her own company. Her business" 3 for the first few years and she was also active in public welfare， 4 570，000 yuan to elderly people. But in 2011， the company 5 poor sales. She was forced to 6 her factories.

In 2012， Chen rented a factory to produce down coats， 7 sales would turn better. But the stock piled up and she even had no money to pay her workers， so she 8 production in 2016. Some people 9 she apply for bankruptcy （破產(chǎn)） to avoid going into debt， but she 10 to do so. “I will try my best to pay off the debt; otherwise I won’t feel 11 ，” Chen said.

Chen’s story gained media 12 . People were moved and came to her aid. When asked if she 13 about having so much debt， she replied with a smile. “I have to keep myself healthy so I have the 14 to pay back the loans. People cared for me， and I want to 15 that care.”

1. A. promising B. terrible C. crowded D. noisy

2. A. took B. ended C. set D. picked

3. A. ran down B. went well C. kept on D. suffered badly

4. A. paying B. making C. saving D. donating

5. A. encountered B. watched C. controlled D. stimulated

6. A. rent B. rebuild C. reduce D. sell

7. A. predicting B. hoping C. knowing D. imagining

8. A. stopped B. needed C. continued D. advertised

9. A. believed B. doubted C. suggested D. demanded

10. A. failed B. refused C. prepared D. hesitated

11. A. confident B. nervous C. comfortable D. tired

12. A. attention B. resistance C. aid D. exposure

13. A. forgot B. thought C. talked D. worried

14. A. luck B. ability C. idea D. courage

15. A. pass on B. give away C. account for D. put down

Writing

話題表達(dá)指導(dǎo)

話題介紹

話題：無現(xiàn)金支付。要求學(xué)生關(guān)注和理解日常生活中的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象，運(yùn)用本單元的核心知識(shí)，寫一篇文章說明無現(xiàn)金支付的現(xiàn)象，并表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。

建議體裁：議論文。

注意事項(xiàng)：結(jié)合生活實(shí)例，正確地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，邏輯清晰。另見下表：

話題 無現(xiàn)金支付

體裁 議論文

人稱 第三人稱和第一人稱

常用時(shí)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（說明現(xiàn)象和表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)）

題例導(dǎo)學(xué)

題目

假定你是李華，某英文報(bào)社正在就“刷臉支付 （face-scanning payment） 的利弊”這一話題進(jìn)行征文。請你用英語寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 分析利弊；

2. 說明你的觀點(diǎn)。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

思路引導(dǎo)1·要點(diǎn)分析

1. 刷臉支付的優(yōu)勢：方便快捷、不需要帶錢包和現(xiàn)金等；

2. 刷臉支付的弊端：人臉識(shí)別系統(tǒng)有安全隱患、個(gè)人信息容易泄露等；

3. 你的觀點(diǎn)：結(jié)合自身實(shí)際，表達(dá)自己的看法。

思路引導(dǎo)2·本單元語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用

根據(jù)漢語意思及提示翻譯句子。

1. 如今，刷臉支付正處于上升階段。（at the… phase）

2. 顧客不需要任何指導(dǎo)或現(xiàn)金。（guidance）

3. 這比傳統(tǒng)的支付更方便。（convenient， conventional）

4. 刷臉支付有很好的發(fā)展前景。（have potential to do sth）

5. 使用刷臉支付通常會(huì)有折扣優(yōu)惠。（financial）

思路引導(dǎo)3·連句成篇

范例展示

Nowadays， face-scanning payment is at the rising phase.

As for its advantages， the payment can be completed quickly， which avoids waiting in line for a lone time. Besides， customers need no guidance or cash. It is more convenient than conventional payment.

When it comes to its disadvantages， the most worrying thing is that face recognition hasn’t reached 100% accuracy， which might lead to payment risks. In addition， customers’ personal information may be revealed illegally.

Personally， the payment has great potential to develop. It has won over consumers with its convenience. And there are often financial discounts if you use face-scanning payment.

話題表達(dá)

假定你是李華，你校正在組織英語作文比賽。請你以“Non-cash Payment”為題寫一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 簡要介紹non-cash payment；

2. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)；

3. 你的看法。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Non-cash Payment

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短語與句型回顧

短語

1. take a 深吸一口氣

2. in of 希望……

3. seek 向……尋求指導(dǎo)

4. row row 一排又一排

5. make 使收支相抵

6. interfere 妨礙，阻止

7. go 陷入債務(wù)之中，負(fù)債

8. the... bug 對……著迷

9. at the 以損害……為代價(jià)

10. the case 這是常有的事

11. be 對……有益

12. away from 完全不同于……

13. start 著手做

14. response 對……的回應(yīng)

15. at rock-bottom 以最低的價(jià)格

16. do favour 進(jìn)一步幫助

17. as 至于；關(guān)于

18. be to 受……影響/支配

19. be to 優(yōu)于/勝過……

20. rent 出租

句型

1. “名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞”獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

They stared back， （他們面無表情） as to what they would say next.

2. It is/was... that... 強(qiáng)調(diào)句

（直到那時(shí)） the locals began to believe me.

3. what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句

Nonetheless， （毫無疑問） is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.

4. “not without”雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)

But the sharing economy is （不是沒有問題）.

5. what if...？句型

And （如果你在一個(gè)地方……將會(huì)怎么樣呢） without Internet access or your phone battery dies？

6. whether... or...

（不管我們是出借人還是借用人）， it’s a win-win situation.

請根據(jù)提示，運(yùn)用本單元核心知識(shí)，就“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與我們的生活”的話題，談?wù)勎覀兩磉叺哪撤N經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展給我們的生活帶來的改變。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. As is known to all， ...

2. On the one hand， ...

3. It can be beneficial to...

4. In my opinion， it will contribute to...