摘要:目的檢測急性腦梗死(ACI)患者血漿長鏈非編碼RNA(LncRNA)CCAAT增強子結(jié)合蛋白α反義1(CEBPA-AS1)與miR-139-5p的水平,并探討二者與認(rèn)知功能障礙的關(guān)系。方法選取132例ACI患者為研究對象,利用蒙特利爾認(rèn)知評估量表(MoCA)將患者分為認(rèn)知功能障礙組(63例)和認(rèn)知功能正常組(69例)。比較2組一般資料;采用實時熒光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法檢測患者血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1、miR-139-5p水平;Pearson法分析血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1與miR-139-5p的相關(guān)性;多因素Logistic回歸分析ACI患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的影響因素;受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線評估血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1和miR-139-5p水平對認(rèn)知功能障礙的診斷價值。結(jié)果與認(rèn)知功能正常組相比,認(rèn)知功能障礙組血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平升高,miR-139-5p水平降低(P<0.05);相關(guān)性分析顯示,LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平與miR-139-5p水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.462,P<0.01);多因素分析顯示,受教育程度高中及以下、血漿miR-139-5p水平降低、LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平升高是ACI患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的危險因素(P<0.05);LncRNA CEBPA-AS1和miR-139-5p診斷ACI患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.865、0.798,二者聯(lián)合診斷的效能(AUC=0.912)優(yōu)于單一指標(biāo)。結(jié)論ACI合并認(rèn)知功能障礙患者血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平升高、miR-139-5p水平降低,二者均是ACI患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的影響因素,且聯(lián)合診斷的效能較高。
關(guān)鍵詞:認(rèn)知功能障礙;腦梗死;急性病;長鏈非編碼RNA CEBPA-AS1;微小RNA-139-5p
中圖分類號:R741文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI:10.11958/20241422
The expression of plasma lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and miR-139-5p in patients with acutecerebral infarction and their correlation with cognitive dysfunction
LI Peiyuan,WANG Gang,SHI Junfeng
Department of Neurology,Nanshi Hospital of Nanyang,Nanyang 473001,China
Abstract:Objective To detect levels of plasma long non coding RNA(lncRNA)CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha antisense 1(CEBPA-AS1)and microRNA-139-5p(miR-139-5p)inpatients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI),and to explore their relationship with cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients.Methods A total of 132 ACI patients treated in our hospital were included for the study.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA)was used to evaluate the cognitive function of ACI patients,and they were diveded into the cognitive dysfunction group(n=63)and the normal cognitive function group(n=69).The general data of the two groups were compared.The qRT-PCR method was applied to measure plasma levels of lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and miR-139-5p in ACI patients.Pearson method was applied to analyze the correlation between plasma lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and miR-139-5p in ACI patients.Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze factors influencing cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and miR-139-5p for cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients.Results Compared with the normal cognitive function group,the plasma lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 was higher and the miR-139-5p was lower in the cognitive dysfunction group(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and miR-139-5p(r=-0.462,P<0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that high school education or below,decreased plasma miR-139-5p,and increased lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 were risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients(P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and miR-139-5p in the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients was 0.865 and 0.798,respectively.The combined diagnostic efficacy of the two(AUC=0.912)was better than single index.Conclusion The plasma lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 is increased and the plasma miR-139-5p is decreased inpatients with ACI combined with cognitive dysfunction,and both are influencing factors for cognitive dysfunction in ACI patients,and the combined diagnostic efficacy is high.
Key words:cognitive dysfunction;cerebral infarction;acute disease;long non coding RNA CEBPA-AS1;miR-139-5p
急性腦梗死(acute cerebral infarction,ACI)是腦卒中的一種。流行病學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2019年全球范圍內(nèi)新增卒中病例高達(dá)1 220萬例,其中約三分之二的患者出現(xiàn)了不同程度的認(rèn)知功能損害[1-2]。這嚴(yán)重影響了患者的健康,并且隨著病程進展ACI患者的死亡率升高。長鏈非編碼RNA(LncRNA)是一類長度超過200個核苷酸且不具備編碼蛋白質(zhì)功能的非編碼RNA,在基因表達(dá)的調(diào)控中扮演關(guān)鍵角色[3]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),LncRNA CCAAT增強子結(jié)合蛋白α反義1(CEBPA-AS1)能夠通過靶向miR-340-5p減輕腦缺血再灌注損傷[4]。miR-139-5p是miRNA家族的一員,是從miR-139前體加工而成的成熟miRNA形式,可作為神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的診斷指標(biāo)[5-6]。研究表明,miR-139-5p可能與減輕缺血性腦卒中患者的腦缺血/再灌注損傷機制有關(guān)[7]。但關(guān)于血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1、miR-139-5p與ACI患者認(rèn)知功能的關(guān)系尚不明確。本研究前期通過IncRNASNP2-human網(wǎng)站預(yù)測兩者存在結(jié)合位點,且選擇10例ACI患者進行了預(yù)實驗,結(jié)果符合預(yù)期。因此,本研究通過檢測ACI患者血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1和miR-139-5p水平,探討二者與ACI患者并發(fā)認(rèn)知功能障礙之間的潛在聯(lián)系,為臨床早期診斷ACI患者的認(rèn)知功能障礙、制定有效治療方案及評估預(yù)后提供依據(jù)與參考。
1對象與方法
1.1研究對象與分組選取南陽南石醫(yī)院2022年1月—2023年12月收治的132例ACI患者為研究對象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)均符合ACI相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]。(2)年齡>18歲,患者臨床資料記錄完整。(3)入組前認(rèn)知功能均正常,意識清醒,能夠積極響應(yīng)并順利完成各項檢查及認(rèn)知功能評估流程。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)參與研究前3個月內(nèi)曾患有心腦血管急癥。(2)由非ACI因素導(dǎo)致的認(rèn)知功能障礙。(3)存在免疫系統(tǒng)受損以及精神疾?。ㄈ缫钟舭Y、焦慮癥等)。(4)伴惡性腫瘤,肝、腎等內(nèi)臟器官功能出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害者。受試者及其家人詳知此項研究內(nèi)容,并已自愿簽署同意書。本院倫理委員會已對本研究進行了全面的審查和批準(zhǔn)(202111-013)。患者腦梗死6個月后,以蒙特利爾認(rèn)知評估量表(MoCA)[9]為評估工具,將ACI患者分為認(rèn)知功能正常組(MoCA≥26分,69例)和認(rèn)知功能障礙組(MoCA<26分,63例)。認(rèn)知功能障礙組患者受大學(xué)及以上教育占比、MoCA評分較認(rèn)知功能正常組降低(Plt;0.05),2組其他一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,見表1。
1.2方法
1.2.1血液標(biāo)本收集取ACI患者入院12 h內(nèi)空腹外周靜脈血3~5 mL于EDTA抗凝管中,以半徑為12 cm,3 500 r/min,4℃離心15 min,收取血漿并于-80℃冰箱中保存,待測。
1.2.2實時熒光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法檢測血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1、miR-139-5p水平從-80℃冰箱中取出患者血漿樣本,解凍,基于Trizol試劑盒(上海翌圣生物科技股份有限公司)的操作步驟,進行總RNA的分離和提取。利用超微量紫外分光光度計檢測總RNA純度和濃度;以總RNA為模板,用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(上海漢恒生物科技有限公司,HB11)合成cDNA,然后采用qRT-PCR儀(美國ABI公司,型號ABI 7500)檢測ACI患者血漿中LncRNA CEBPA-AS1、miR-139-5p水平。LncRNA CEBPA-AS1、miR-139-5p及內(nèi)參GAPDH、U6引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司設(shè)計合成,引物序列見表2。反應(yīng)條件:95℃預(yù)變性10 min;60℃變性15 s,58.3℃退火15 s,72.3℃延伸30 s,循環(huán)40次。利用SYBR Green Master Mix(北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司,TSE203)進行擴增。重復(fù)3次,以2-??Ct法表示結(jié)果。
1.2.3靶向關(guān)系預(yù)測在IncRNASNP2-human網(wǎng)站(https://guolab.wchscu.cn/lncRNASNP#!/)上進行LncRNA CEBPA-AS1和miR-139-5p的靶向關(guān)系預(yù)測。
1.3統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法采用SPSS 27.0軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計數(shù)資料以例(%)表示,組間比較行χ2檢驗;計量資料以x±s表示,組間比較行t檢驗;利用Pearson法分析ACI患者血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1與miR-139-5p的相關(guān)性;多因素Logistic回歸分析ACI患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的影響因素;受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線評估血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1和miR-139-5p對ACI患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的診斷價值,聯(lián)合檢測采用并聯(lián)的方法,曲線下面積(AUC)比較采用Z檢驗,以Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1 2組血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1、miR-139-5p水平比較認(rèn)知功能障礙組患者血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平較認(rèn)知功能正常組升高,miR-139-5p水平降低(P<0.05),見表3。
2.2 LncRNA CEBPA-AS1與miR-139-5p水平的相關(guān)性IncRNASNP2-human網(wǎng)站顯示,LncRNA CEBPA-AS1與miR-139-5p存在結(jié)合位點,可能具有靶向關(guān)系,見圖1。Pearson法分析顯示,血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平與miR-139-5p水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)(n=132,r=-0.462,P<0.01)。
2.3 ACI患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的影響因素分析以ACI患者是否發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙為因變量(是=1,否=0),受教育程度(大學(xué)及以上=1,高中及以下=0)、LncRNA CEBPA-AS1、miR-139-5p為自變量進行多因素Logistic回歸分析。結(jié)果顯示,受教育程度高中及以下,血漿miR-139-5p水平降低、LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平升高是ACI患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的危險因素(P<0.05),見表4。
2.4血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1、miR-139-5p水平對ACI患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的診斷價值ROC曲線分析結(jié)果顯示,血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1和miR-139-5p聯(lián)合診斷ACI患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的效能優(yōu)于兩指標(biāo)單獨診斷(Z聯(lián)合-LncRNA CEBPA-AS1=2.322、Z聯(lián)合-miR-139-5p=3.146,P<0.05),見表5、圖2。
3討論
ACI發(fā)病率占腦卒中的70%~80%[10],是由于腦血管突然閉塞導(dǎo)致局部腦組織血流驟然中斷所致,病情進展迅速,預(yù)后往往不佳,顯著提升了致殘與致死風(fēng)險。在腦梗死急性發(fā)作階段,及時評估患者的認(rèn)知功能狀態(tài)具有重要價值,早期的診斷與干預(yù)有利于遏制病情的進一步惡化,有效優(yōu)化患者的治療結(jié)局。當(dāng)前,認(rèn)知障礙診斷主要基于患者的臨床體征觀察和神經(jīng)心理學(xué)測量[11]。這些評估手段的有效性易受到諸多外部因素的制約,如患者配合度和測試者主觀判斷的影響。因此,探索更為客觀、可靠的生物標(biāo)志物對ACI后認(rèn)知障礙具有重要的臨床指導(dǎo)價值。
LncRNA廣泛參與代謝調(diào)控、免疫反應(yīng)等生理過程,可以通過調(diào)控基因表達(dá)參與疾病的發(fā)生與發(fā)展[12]。Di等[13]研究表明,LncRnA CEBPA-AS1在缺血性卒中病理狀態(tài)下呈現(xiàn)上調(diào)趨勢,而敲低LncRNA CEBPA-AS1促進了神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞的保護效應(yīng),具體表現(xiàn)為減輕細(xì)胞損傷、抑制凋亡進程及緩解氧化應(yīng)激狀態(tài)。Peng等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在糖氧剝奪/復(fù)氧(OGD/R)誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞損傷模型中,LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平同樣出現(xiàn)上調(diào),而LncRNA CEBPA-AS1敲低可明顯提高細(xì)胞活力,減少細(xì)胞凋亡。本研究結(jié)果顯示,相比認(rèn)知功能正常組,認(rèn)知功能障礙組患者血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平明顯升高,提示血清LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平可能影響認(rèn)知功能,可能因為其水平升高會加劇機體氧化應(yīng)激狀態(tài),使神經(jīng)元發(fā)生退行性改變,從而增加ACI患者認(rèn)知功能損害的程度。
miRNA是一種內(nèi)源性單鏈RNA,具有高度保守性結(jié)構(gòu),普遍存在于真核細(xì)胞中;其具有識別特定靶基因序列的能力并可調(diào)控這些靶基因的表達(dá)水平,從而影響多種疾病的病理進程,同時在細(xì)胞凋亡、生長發(fā)育、增殖及分化等生命活動中也發(fā)揮重要作用[15-17]。miR-139-5p位于11號染色體q1區(qū)域,是磷酸二酯酶2A(PDE2A)基因的第二內(nèi)含子[5]。張麗蓉等[18]研究顯示,miR-139-5p在缺氧缺血性腦病患兒血漿中水平降低,可作為診斷缺氧缺血性腦病重度腦損傷的指標(biāo)。史文倩等[19]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-139-5p水平升高可能通過靶向抑制RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL信號通路減輕慢性腦低灌注大鼠的認(rèn)知障礙。本研究中認(rèn)知功能障礙組患者血漿miR-139-5p水平明顯低于正常組,提示其可能與ACI患者的認(rèn)知功能有關(guān),可作為預(yù)測ACI患者認(rèn)知功能受損的潛在生物標(biāo)志物。
此外,本研究顯示,血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1與miR-139-5p呈負(fù)相關(guān),提示二者可能相互作用,共同影響認(rèn)知功能障礙發(fā)生的過程。進一步研究二者對認(rèn)知功能障礙的診斷價值中發(fā)現(xiàn),二者聯(lián)合診斷顯著優(yōu)于單一指標(biāo)的預(yù)測效能,提示LncRNA CEBPA-AS1和miR-139-5p可作為診斷ACI患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的輔助指標(biāo),且二者聯(lián)合預(yù)測價值更優(yōu),對臨床早期防治認(rèn)知功能障礙策略的制定具有較高的參考價值。另外,本研究顯示受教育程度低(高中及以下)、血漿miR-139-5p水平降低、LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平升高均為ACI患者發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙的危險因素,提示動態(tài)監(jiān)測LncRNA CEBPA-AS1和miR-139-5p水平有助于評估ACI患者的病情程度和預(yù)后,以便及時采取相應(yīng)治療措施。
綜上所述,ACI合并認(rèn)知功能障礙患者血漿LncRNA CEBPA-AS1水平升高,miR-139-5p水平降低,二者聯(lián)合檢測展現(xiàn)出更高效能,能更好地診斷ACI患者是否發(fā)生認(rèn)知功能障礙,有望作為臨床診治ACI患者認(rèn)知功能障礙的生物標(biāo)志物。但本研究未明確LncRNA CEBPA-AS1和miR-139-5p在ACI并發(fā)認(rèn)知功能障礙中的具體作用機制,后期仍需深入研究。
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(2024-09-25收稿2024-10-14修回)
(本文編輯李志蕓)