摘要:目的 探究再生障礙性貧血(AA)患者血清可溶性凋亡相關(guān)因子配體(sFasL)、基質(zhì)細(xì)胞衍生因子1(SDF-1)水平及其與免疫抑制治療效果的相關(guān)性。方法 選擇接受半年免疫抑制治療的AA患者43例為觀察組,另擇43例同期健康體檢者為對(duì)照組。觀察組患者進(jìn)行免疫抑制治療和促造血治療,并依據(jù)療效分為無效組和有效組。收集患者臨床資料,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)血清sFasL、SDF-1、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-8(IL-8)水平,分析血清sFasL與SDF-1水平的相關(guān)性,多因素Logistic回歸分析AA患者免疫抑制治療效果的影響因素,受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析血清sFasL、SDF-1對(duì)免疫抑制治療效果的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。結(jié)果 觀察組血清sFasL、SDF-1水平均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。無效組血清TNF-α、IL-8、sFasL、SDF-1水平均高于有效組(P<0.05)。AA患者血清sFasL水平與SDF-1水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.534,P<0.001)。血清sFasL、SDF-1水平升高是AA患者免疫抑制治療無效的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。血清sFasL、SDF-1聯(lián)合預(yù)測(cè)AA患者免疫抑制治療效果的曲線下面積(AUC)為0.973(95%CI:0.872~0.999),優(yōu)于各自單獨(dú)預(yù)測(cè)(P<0.05),其敏感度和特異度分別為94.44%和96.00%。結(jié)論 AA患者血清sFasL、SDF-1水平均明顯升高,二者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)AA免疫抑制治療效果具有較高的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞:貧血,再生障礙性;免疫耐受;可溶性凋亡相關(guān)因子配體;基質(zhì)細(xì)胞衍生因子1
中圖分類號(hào):R556.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI:10.11958/20240702
Correlation of serum levels of sFasL, SDF-1 and immunosuppressive efficacy in
patients with aplastic anemia
ZHANG Yulong1, ZHANG Jing1, LI Shujun1, MA Long1, ZU Jianbing1△, SUN Dandan2
1 Department of Laboratory, 2 Department of Blood Specialty, Hinggan League People's Hospital, Ulanhot 137400, China
△Corresponding Author E-mail: 18548218026@163.com
Abstract: Objective To investigate serum levels of soluble apoptosis-related factor ligand (sFasL) and stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and their correlation with immunosuppressive treatment. Methods Forty-three AA patients who received immunosuppressive therapy for half a year were selected as the observation group, and another 43 healthy subjects at the same period were selected as the control group. Patients in the observation group received immunosuppressive therapy and hematopoietic propoietic therapy, and patients were divided into the ineffective group and the effective group according to the efficacy. Clinical data of patients were collected, and serum levels of sFasL, SDF-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between serum sFasL and SDF-1 levels was analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze influencing factors of immunosuppressive treatment in AA patients. The predictive values of serum sFasL and SDF-1 on immunosuppressive treatment were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Serum levels of sFasL and SDF-1 were higher in the observation group than those in the control group (P<0.05). Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-8, sFasL and SDF-1 were higher in the ineffective group than those in the effective group (P<0.05). Serum sFasL level was positively correlated with SDF-1 level in AA patients (r=0.534, P<0.001). Increased serum sFasL and SDF-1 levels were independent risk factors for ineffective immunosuppressive therapy in AA patients (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of serum sFasL and SDF-1 combined to predict the immunosuppressive treatment effect of AA patients was 0.973 (95%CI: 0.872-0.999), which was better than that of single diagnosis (P<0.05), and its sensitivity and specificity were 94.44% and 96.00%, respectively. Conclusion Serum levels of sFasL and SDF-1 are significantly increased in patients with AA. The combined detection of sFasL and SDF-1 has high predictive value for the immunosuppressive treatment effect of AA.
Key words: anemia, aplastic; immune tolerance; soluble apoptosis related factor ligand; stromal cell derived factor 1
再生障礙性貧血(AA)的發(fā)病率和病死率較高,其臨床常用治療方法是免疫抑制治療,該療法可調(diào)節(jié)T細(xì)胞活性及炎性相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子水平[1-2]。但部分患者對(duì)免疫抑制治療無效,且會(huì)發(fā)生出血、貧血、感染等多種并發(fā)癥,導(dǎo)致預(yù)后較差[3]。AA病程延長(zhǎng)通常與其臨床結(jié)果的不確定性有關(guān)[4],盡早對(duì)AA患者免疫抑制治療效果進(jìn)行評(píng)估有助于改善患者預(yù)后??扇苄缘蛲鱿嚓P(guān)因子配體(sFasL)是一種分子質(zhì)量為40 ku的細(xì)胞表面跨膜蛋白,在活化的T細(xì)胞及其釋放的細(xì)胞外囊泡均有表達(dá)[5]。已有研究證實(shí),sFasL可增加中性粒細(xì)胞中活性氧的產(chǎn)生,并激活炎癥途徑,在肺部疾病和免疫系統(tǒng)疾病中表達(dá)水平均升高[6]?;|(zhì)細(xì)胞衍生因子1(SDF-1)是一種穩(wěn)態(tài)CXC趨化因子,SDF-1及其受體細(xì)胞表面趨化因子受體4(CXCR4)形成信號(hào)通路,在不同的病理和生理機(jī)制中起關(guān)鍵作用[7-8]。本研究通過測(cè)定AA患者血清sFasL、SDF-1表達(dá)水平,分析二者與免疫抑制療效的關(guān)系。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象 納入2021年5月—2022年8月興安盟人民醫(yī)院收治的AA患者43例為觀察組,其中男23例,女20例,年齡23~33歲,平均(27.30±3.08)歲,患者確診至開始進(jìn)行免疫抑制治療時(shí)間為35~72 d,平均(54.22±6.05)d,均進(jìn)行半年的免疫抑制治療。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合《再生障礙性貧血診斷治療專家共識(shí)》[9]中AA的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);(2)患者同意并接受半年的免疫抑制診療;(3)治療過程中對(duì)使用藥物無禁忌。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)心、肝、腎等器官嚴(yán)重功能障礙者;(2)合并嚴(yán)重免疫性、感染性疾病者;(3)伴有其他惡性腫瘤者;(4)臨床資料不完整;(5)依從性較差者。本研究經(jīng)過本院倫理委員會(huì)審核(批號(hào):202104152605)。另擇我院同期健康體檢者43例為對(duì)照組,其中男22例,女21例,年齡24~33歲,平均(27.12±2.81)歲。2組性別(χ2=0.047)、年齡(t=0.177)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 免疫抑制治療方法 觀察組患者進(jìn)行免疫抑制治療:抗胸腺細(xì)胞球蛋白(國藥準(zhǔn)字J20150136,武漢生物制品研究所有限責(zé)任公司,25 mg/支)3.5 mg/(kg·d)靜脈滴注,第1—5天;環(huán)孢菌素A(國藥準(zhǔn)字H10930026,上海懋康生物科技有限公司,50 mg/粒)5 mg/(kg·d)口服,持續(xù)半年。促造血治療:重組人粒細(xì)胞集落刺激因子3~5 μg/(kg·d),1次/d,皮下注射,持續(xù)半年。
1.2.2 免疫抑制療效評(píng)估 參照文獻(xiàn)[9]對(duì)療效進(jìn)行評(píng)估。明顯好轉(zhuǎn):貧血及出血癥狀明顯好轉(zhuǎn),不輸血,血紅蛋白(Hb)較治療前30 d內(nèi)常見值增長(zhǎng)30 g/L以上;緩解:貧血及出血癥狀消失,白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(WBC)達(dá)3.5×109/L,男性Hb達(dá)120 g/L,女性達(dá)110 g/L;基本治愈:貧血及出血癥狀消失,WBC達(dá)4.0×109/L,男性Hb達(dá)120 g/L,女性達(dá)110 g/L;無效:經(jīng)治療后,癥狀、血常規(guī)無改變。將基本治愈、緩解和明顯好轉(zhuǎn)的患者歸為有效組,無效患者歸為無效組。
1.2.3 基本資料、血清指標(biāo)及實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)的收集 (1)收集患者年齡、性別、病因等臨床資料。(2)采集觀察組(入院次日)和對(duì)照組(體檢當(dāng)日)清晨空腹靜脈血4~5 mL,以" " " " " " 3 000 r/min離心10 mim后獲取上清液,置于-80 ℃冰箱保存?zhèn)溆?。①采用酶?lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)檢測(cè)血清sFasL、SDF-1、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-8(IL-8)水平,試劑盒均購自賽默飛世爾科技公司。②應(yīng)用全自動(dòng)血液細(xì)胞分析儀(BC-760 CS型,深圳邁瑞生物醫(yī)療電子股份有限公司)檢測(cè)患者中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(NEU)、WBC、淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(LYM)、網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)(RET)。③采用流式細(xì)胞儀(Cytomics FC 500型,貝克曼庫爾特商貿(mào)有限公司)測(cè)定CD3+、CD4+、CD8+細(xì)胞比例,試劑盒購自上海通蔚實(shí)業(yè)有限公司。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 25.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)量資料以[[x] ±s
]表示,2組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以例(%)表示,2組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。采用Pearson法分析血清sFasL、SDF-1水平的相關(guān)性;多因素Logistic回歸分析AA患者免疫抑制治療無效的影響因素;采用MedCalc軟件繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,分析血清sFasL、SDF-1表達(dá)水平對(duì)AA患者免疫抑制療效的評(píng)估價(jià)值,采用Z檢驗(yàn)比較曲線下面積(AUC)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 觀察組與對(duì)照組血清sFasL、SDF-1水平比" 較 觀察組血清sFasL、SDF-1水平均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 不同療效組患者臨床資料比較 43例AA患者中無效組18例(41.86%),有效組25例(58.13%)。無效組血清TNF-α、IL-8、sFasL和SDF-1水平均高于有效組(P<0.05),其余指標(biāo)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表2。
2.3 AA患者血清sFasL與SDF-1水平的相關(guān)" " 性 AA患者血清sFasL水平與SDF-1水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.534,P<0.001)。
2.4 AA患者免疫抑制治療效果的影響因素分" "析 以AA患者免疫抑制治療效果為因變量(無效=1,有效=0),以TNF-α、IL-8、sFasL、SDF-1為自變量,行多因素Logistic回歸分析。結(jié)果顯示,血清sFasL、SDF-1水平升高為AA患者免疫抑制治療無效的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05),見表3。
2.5 血清sFasL、SDF-1對(duì)AA患者免疫抑制治療效果的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值 血清sFasL、SDF-1聯(lián)合預(yù)測(cè)AA患者免疫抑制治療效果的效能均高于兩指標(biāo)單獨(dú)預(yù)測(cè)(Z分別為2.049、2.341,P<0.05),見表4、圖1。
3 討論
AA主要是由細(xì)胞毒性T淋巴細(xì)胞破壞骨髓造血功能導(dǎo)致全血細(xì)胞減少,其具有較高的發(fā)病率和病死率[10]。大多數(shù)AA患者可通過免疫抑制治療或造血干細(xì)胞移植獲得有效治療,但仍有部分患者預(yù)后不佳,生存率低[11]。因此,尋找能夠評(píng)估AA患者免疫抑制治療無效的敏感指標(biāo)對(duì)于改善患者預(yù)后至關(guān)重要。TNF-α、IL-8是臨床衡量免疫反應(yīng)的常用指標(biāo),作為免疫性、炎癥性疾病的重要靶標(biāo),可破壞骨髓造血功能,促進(jìn)AA的發(fā)生和發(fā)展[12]。
sFasL是激活外源性細(xì)胞凋亡途徑的主要配體之一,其與纖維化和炎癥性疾病以及癌癥密切相關(guān),且sFasL被認(rèn)為是肺炎、閉塞性細(xì)支氣管炎、氧化應(yīng)激及衰老疾病進(jìn)展的生物標(biāo)志物[13-14]。一項(xiàng)針對(duì)接受免疫抑制治療的膿毒癥患兒的研究顯示,死亡組血清sFasL水平高于存活組,血清sFasL水平與死亡率之間存在相關(guān)性,可用于預(yù)測(cè)行免疫抑制治療患兒的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,AA患者血清sFasL水平明顯升高,且無效組血清sFasL水平高于有效組,提示血清sFasL水平在免疫抑制治療效果中可能扮演重要角色。ROC曲線分析表明,血清sFasL水平對(duì)AA患者免疫抑制治療效果有一定的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。
SDF-1是CXC家族的一種趨化因子,通過與其細(xì)胞表面受體CXCR4結(jié)合發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖、分化、趨化性、凋亡等作用[16]。間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(MSCs)可從多種來源(如成人骨髓、脂肪及新生兒組織等)獲取,且具有組織修復(fù)能力和免疫調(diào)節(jié)特性。有研究顯示,MSCs歸巢和植入受SDF-1與CXCR4相互作用的調(diào)節(jié)[17]。有研究表明,在心肌缺血后,SDF-1水平顯著升高,可通過CXCR4引導(dǎo)MSCs趨向性遷移至SDF-1水平升高的組織,在促進(jìn)組織修復(fù)的過程中起關(guān)鍵作用[18]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,AA患者血清SDF-1水平顯著高于對(duì)照組,無效組血清SDF-1水平顯著高于有效組,提示SDF-1水平升高可能對(duì)AA發(fā)生有一定關(guān)系,能夠反映免疫抑制治療效果。此外,急性缺血性腦卒中患者的研究也顯示了類似的結(jié)果,即血清SDF-1水平越高,患者病情越嚴(yán)重,預(yù)后越差[19]。ROC曲線分析表明,SDF-1可作為AA患者免疫抑制治療效果的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)。
本研究進(jìn)一步分析顯示,AA患者血清sFasL水平與SDF-1水平呈正相關(guān),且二者聯(lián)合預(yù)測(cè)AA患者免疫抑制治療效果的AUC為0.973,優(yōu)于各自單獨(dú)檢測(cè),且敏感度達(dá)94.44%,特異度達(dá)96.00%,提示聯(lián)合血清sFasL、SDF-1對(duì)AA免疫抑制治療效果具有較高的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。但本研究的樣本量較小,未對(duì)AA患者治療前、治療中血清sFasL、SDF-1水平進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè),且其在AA發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中的具體作用機(jī)制尚待進(jìn)一步深入探討。
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(2024-06-04收稿 2024-08-30修回)
(本文編輯 陳麗潔)