小麥?zhǔn)且环N在世界各地廣泛種植的谷類作物,從目前考古發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)看,大約在4500多年前,西亞小麥率先進(jìn)入山東省膠東半島,再傳播到全國(guó)各地。在膠東半島,有不少帶有“萊”字的地名,如萊州、萊陽(yáng)、萊西、蓬萊等。據(jù)考,“萊”與“麥”有關(guān),源于“萊人”善于培育小麥。因而,這里的人們也創(chuàng)造出豐富多樣的面食。
在青島萊西,當(dāng)?shù)厝司偷厝〔?,用泥和麥秸稈混合制作成烘烤爐,利用豆秸稈或玉米芯燒火加熱,將本地面粉制作成特色美食,獨(dú)產(chǎn)于日莊鎮(zhèn)五子埠后村的日莊火燒便是其中之一。
據(jù)傳,日莊一帶的大多數(shù)住戶,是明洪武年間從山西洪洞縣大槐樹遷徙而來(lái),他們也把山西主食的基本做法帶到了萊西。“火燒”因好貯存、耐霉變,被移民們廣泛食用。日莊一帶盛產(chǎn)麥面,雜糧豐富。移民們來(lái)到這里之后,因地制宜做出了割瓣火燒。面經(jīng)高溫烘烤后,既無(wú)菌又香脆可口,孩童極為喜歡。當(dāng)?shù)赜兄V云:“日莊火燒,越叫越遠(yuǎn)?!痹?jīng),烤火燒、賣火燒成為日莊鎮(zhèn)五子埠后村村民的謀生手段之一,他們挑擔(dān)走街串巷,把美味叫賣到四鄉(xiāng)八鎮(zhèn)。
日莊火燒狀若梅花初綻,因而又被形象地稱為梅花火燒,其制作工藝也十分考究。需精選優(yōu)質(zhì)石磨原麥和雞蛋、壓榨花生油等原料,用農(nóng)家老面做引,經(jīng)過和面、攪拌、杠面、揪面、搟面、定型等十多道工序,還要將面餅割出梅花花瓣形狀后送入烤爐烤制,直到外焦里軟、色澤金黃方可出爐。每一道工序都蘊(yùn)含著膠東農(nóng)民取法天然、物盡其用的生活智慧。
值得一提的是,日莊人在保留祖?zhèn)魇炙嚨耐瑫r(shí)不斷創(chuàng)新,將原來(lái)單一的原味火燒增加到玉米面火燒、南瓜火燒、紫薯火燒等10余種口味。與此同時(shí),還增加了多種吃法,有過油火燒、羊湯泡火燒、蛋燴火燒等,讓日莊火燒的味道更富層次,令人百吃不厭。
作為萊西十大特色小吃之一,日莊火燒走過數(shù)百年歲月,并在傳承與創(chuàng)新中飄香四方,2009年被評(píng)為“青島市地方名吃”。如今,日莊鎮(zhèn)五子埠后村立足本村實(shí)際,結(jié)合特色的傳統(tǒng)工藝,開展新農(nóng)村電商助力農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷售行動(dòng),通過新農(nóng)人拓展線上線下銷售渠道,每年銷售火燒達(dá)100多噸,產(chǎn)值達(dá)250余萬(wàn)元,為更多人帶來(lái)美味和享受。
編輯/刁艷杰
In Laixi, Qingdao, the natives use local materials, mix mud with wheat straw to make a baking furnace, and make local flour into specialties by burning soybean straw or corncobs. Rizhuang Huoshao(baked wheaten cake) from Wuzibuhou Village, Rizhuang Town, is one of such specialties.
Rizhuang Huoshao is shaped like plum blossoms, and thus also known as Plum Blossom Huoshao. Its workmanship is complicated. We need to select quality stone-ground whole wheat flour, pressed peanut oil and other ingredients, use a sourdough starter before executing over ten procedures including dough making, stirring, and dough rolling, putting the paste into an oven for baking after shaping it into a plum blossom, and finally taking it out the oven after it becomes soft with a crispy crust, and turns golden yellow. Each procedure contains the life wisdom of Jiaodong farmers in making the best of everything in a natural way.
It is noteworthy that the people of Rizhuang have made continuous innovations while retaining their ancestral craft, developing over 10 flavors including Egg Huoshao, Corn Flour Huoshao, Pumpkin Huoshao, and Purple Potato Huoshao based on the original single flavor, and added a variety of ways of eating, e.g. Oiled Huoshao, Huoshao Soaked in Mutton Soup, and Huoshao with Eggs, thereby enriching the taste of Rizhuang Huoshao.