赫爾辛基中心圖書(shū)館

業(yè)主單位：赫爾辛基市

設(shè)計(jì)單位：ALA建筑師事務(wù)所

建筑面積：17 250平方米

竣工年份：2018年

項(xiàng)目攝影：Tuomas Uusheimo

項(xiàng)目競(jìng)賽：2012——2013年公開(kāi)競(jìng)標(biāo)一等獎(jiǎng)

主承包商：YIT

項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理：Ramboll CM

結(jié)構(gòu)工程、暖通空調(diào)：安博公司（芬蘭/英國(guó)/丹麥）

地質(zhì)規(guī)劃：Finnmap Infra & Sipti Infra

電氣工程：芬蘭Rejlers

Client： City of Helsinki

Architects： ALA Architects

Area： 17 250 m?

Year： 2018

Photographs： Tuomas Uusheimo

Type： Open competition， 2012-2013， 1st prize

Main contractor： YIT

Project manager： Ramboll CM

Structural engineering， HVAC： Ramboll Finland/UK/Denmark

Geo planning： Finnmap Infra & Sipti Infra

Electrical engineering： Rejlers Finland

Oodi位于Eduskuntamalo對(duì)面，是政府與民眾之間關(guān)系的象征，它提醒人們芬蘭圖書(shū)館準(zhǔn)則的規(guī)定，圖書(shū)館須有助于終生學(xué)習(xí)、保護(hù)公民權(quán)、民主和言論自由。它還將新圖書(shū)館置于赫爾辛基文化區(qū)的中心，靠近首都的許多重要機(jī)構(gòu)。

Oodi在樓上有一間安靜的開(kāi)放閱覽室，被人們稱(chēng)為“讀書(shū)天堂”，但閱覽書(shū)籍只占圖書(shū)館空間的三分之一。Oodi的設(shè)計(jì)師和圖書(shū)館員減少了就地存儲(chǔ)和用戶咨詢的感知文化，而是引進(jìn)了一些設(shè)施，包括咖啡館、餐廳、公共平臺(tái)、電影院、錄音棚和制片人空間。這是芬蘭圖書(shū)館除了借閱書(shū)籍之外提供的新服務(wù)，是可推廣試驗(yàn)的代表。

圖書(shū)館的功能設(shè)計(jì)為三層：首層是將城鎮(zhèn)廣場(chǎng)延伸進(jìn)室內(nèi)的活力空間，二層空間內(nèi)設(shè)置有一系列用于容納更多服務(wù)空間和配套設(shè)施的房間；頂層內(nèi)則是安靜的開(kāi)放閱覽室——書(shū)的天堂。這一空間概念是將圖書(shū)館搭建一座棲居的橋梁，它以兩個(gè)巨大的鋼拱支撐，跨度超過(guò)100米，創(chuàng)造出完全封閉的、沒(méi)有立柱的公共入口空間、房間均排布在周?chē)?，上層是開(kāi)放閱覽室。

Oodi考慮到當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂驐l件，材料選用因地制宜。木材立面覆以33毫米厚的芬蘭云杉板，延伸至Kansalaistori廣場(chǎng)上方，將室內(nèi)和室外空間連接起來(lái)，并在圖書(shū)館前庇護(hù)公眾活動(dòng)。

頂蓋結(jié)構(gòu)的表面成為巨大的公共露臺(tái)，赫爾辛基市民在這里可以直接俯瞰廣場(chǎng)，以及芬蘭議會(huì)的臺(tái)階和主要入口。露臺(tái)為讀者提供的戶外空間因此增加了一倍，并創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)觀察與會(huì)面的新去處。

Oodi的首層將Kansalaistori廣場(chǎng)的公共空間延伸至室內(nèi)，旨在使圖書(shū)館的各項(xiàng)設(shè)施顯眼可用，并提供非商業(yè)性的室內(nèi)空間，每天都向公眾開(kāi)放。國(guó)家視聽(tīng)研究所的電影院Kino Regina位于首層空間內(nèi)，另有一家咖啡館和餐廳，夏天會(huì)把座位擺在廣場(chǎng)上。

中間層的“閣樓”，房間靈活布置，這些房間位于橋梁桁架之間的縫隙及周邊。多功能空間的設(shè)計(jì)既能容納或嘈雜或安靜的活動(dòng)。Oodi還將在這一層提供諸如工作室和錄音棚等設(shè)施。

“書(shū)的天堂”在頂樓，是一片開(kāi)闊景觀，云頂天花板被圓形頂燈貫穿。在這里，特色的現(xiàn)代圖書(shū)館展示了21世紀(jì)技術(shù)帶來(lái)的新的可能。寧?kù)o的氣氛邀讀者閱讀、學(xué)習(xí)、思考和享受。在這一層，游客可以欣賞市中心360度全景，也可以走到露臺(tái)上俯瞰Kansalaistori廣場(chǎng)。

The siting of Oodi opposite the Eduskuntatalo was chosen to be symbolic of the relationship between the government and the populace， and act as a reminder of the Finnish Library Acts mandate for libraries to promote lifelong learning， active citizenship， democracy and freedom of expression. It also places the new library in the heart of Helsinkis cultural district， close to many of the capitals great institutions.

Oodi has a peaceful open-plan reading room on the upper floor that has been nicknamed “book heaven”， but books only fill one third of the space within the library. By reducing on-site storage and consulting library-users on how they access culture， the designers and librarians of Oodi have been able to introduce facilities including a café， restaurant， public balcony， movie theatre， audio-visual recording studios and a makerspace. This is representative of broader experimentation within Finnish libraries to offer new services in addition to loaning books.

The design divides the functions of the library into three distinct levels： an active ground floor that extends the town square into an interior space; “book heaven” on the upper level; and an enclosed in-between volume containing rooms to accommodate additional services and facilities within the library. This spatial concept has been realised by building the library as an inhabited bridge， with two massive steel arches that span over 100 meters to create a fully enclosed， column-free public entrance space， clusters of rooms grouped around the structure， and the open-plan reading room carried above.

Oodi has been built using local materials and with local climate conditions in mind. The timber fa?ade is clad with 33-millimeter-thick Finnish spruce planks that conform to the sweeping curve that extends the building outwards to create a canopy above the Kansalaistori square， blending the interior and exterior spaces and creating shelter for public events in front of the library.

The upper surface of the canopy structure has been used to create a large public terrace， from which Helsinki citizens can look directly over the square to the steps and main entrance of the Finnish parliament. The terrace doubles the amount of public outdoor space provided for library visitors and creates a new destination where people can meet and observe the city below.

The ground floor of Oodi extends the Kansalaistori square into an interior public space. The purpose of the ground floor is to make each of the facilities of the library apparent and accessible and provide a non-commercial interior space open to all， every day of the week. Kino Regina， the National Audiovisual Institutes movie theatre will occupy a space on the ground floor， together with a cafe restaurant with seating that will spill out onto the square in the summer months.

The middle floor， known as the “Attic”， consists of flexible rooms arranged around the intimate nooks and corners that inhabit the spaces between the trusses of the bridge structure. The multi-function rooms are designed to accommodate both noisy and quiet activities and it is on this floor that Oodi will offer facilities such as its makerspace and recording studios.

“Book Heaven” on the top floor， is a vast open landscape topped with an undulating cloud-like white ceiling punctured by circular rooflights. Here the best characteristics of the modernist library meet the possibilities provided by 21st Century technologies. The serene atmosphere invites visitors to read， learn， think and to enjoy themselves. From this level visitors can enjoy an unobstructed 360-degree panorama view of the city centre， or step out onto the terrace overlooking Kansalaistori square.