侯欽釧 張芮 李炳宏 張輝望 張蓓蓓 雍濤 劉玉萍 帥平
【摘要】 背景 慢性腎臟病(CKD)是全球排名第十一位的致命疾病,其導(dǎo)致的疾病負(fù)擔(dān)和經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)正迅速增加。在所有慢性病中,CKD的致殘和致死風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增長(zhǎng)率居首位。胰島素抵抗(IR)和肥胖與CKD的發(fā)展密切相關(guān),三酰甘油-葡萄糖(TyG)指數(shù)可作為衡量IR的替代指標(biāo),但TyG指數(shù)與CKD發(fā)生的關(guān)系尚不完全清楚。目的 通過隊(duì)列研究,探討TyG指數(shù)及其肥胖合并指標(biāo)與CKD發(fā)生之間的關(guān)系。方法 本研究為回顧性隊(duì)列研究,根據(jù)納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選取2015年1月—2022年11月到四川省人民醫(yī)院健康管理中心進(jìn)行年度體檢的4 921例成年人作為研究對(duì)象。將參與者根據(jù)基線TyG指數(shù)的四分位數(shù)分為4組,分別為Q1(5.43~6.66)、Q2(6.67~7.04)、Q3(7.05~7.43)、Q4(7.43~9.97)組,各組的例數(shù)分別為1 230例、1 231例、1 230例及1 230例。肥胖相關(guān)指標(biāo)包括腰圍(WC)、BMI和腰臀比(WHR),分別與TyG指數(shù)結(jié)合成TyG-WC、TyG-BMI和TyG-WHR指數(shù)。將參與者根據(jù)基線TyG-WC指數(shù)的四分位數(shù)分為4組,分別為Q1(204.49~523.14)、Q2(523.15~593.21)、Q3(593.22~657.16)、Q4(657.17~992.75),各組的例數(shù)分別為1 230、1 232、1 229、1 230例;根據(jù)基線TyG-BMI指數(shù)的四分位數(shù)將研究對(duì)象分為4組,分別為Q1(92.43~149.16)、Q2(149.17~168.43)、Q3(168.49~188.92)、Q4(88.93~306.64),各組的例數(shù)分別為1 228、1 231、1 232、1 230例;根據(jù)基線TyG-WHR指數(shù)的四分位數(shù)將研究對(duì)象分為4組,分別為Q1(2.76~5.66)、Q2(5.67~6.26)、Q3(6.27~6.83)、Q4(6.84~9.67)組,各組的例數(shù)分別為1 230、1 230、1 231、1 230例。TyG指數(shù)及其結(jié)合肥胖指標(biāo)與CKD的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)采用比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型(Cox模型),劑量反應(yīng)關(guān)系采用限制性立方樣條回歸(RCS)。結(jié)果 截至隨訪終點(diǎn),該研究隊(duì)列中新發(fā)CKD 139例,發(fā)生率為2.8%。調(diào)整混雜因素后發(fā)現(xiàn),與TyG指數(shù)Q1組相比,TyG指數(shù)Q4組發(fā)生CKD風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著增加(HR=1.756,95%CI=1.010~3.054),與TyG-WC指數(shù)Q1組相比,TyG-WC指數(shù)Q4組發(fā)生CKD風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著增加(HR=2.532,95%CI=1.210~5.296)(P<0.05)。TyG指數(shù)與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈非線性劑量反應(yīng)關(guān)系
(P非線性=0.048),TyG指數(shù)越高(>6.93),CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越高。TyG-WC指數(shù)與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈線性劑量反應(yīng)關(guān)系(P非線性=0.078),CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隨TyG-WC指數(shù)升高而呈上升趨勢(shì)。結(jié)論 TyG和TyG-WC均為CKD的影響因素,控制TyG和WC可以有效地預(yù)防和管理CKD,對(duì)CKD的防治具有重要意義。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 慢性腎臟病;三酰甘油-葡萄糖指數(shù);胰島素抵抗;肥胖;隊(duì)列研究
【中圖分類號(hào)】 R 692【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】 A DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0456
A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Relationship between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Its Combination with Obesity Indices and Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults
HOU Qinchuan1,ZHANG Rui1,LI Binghong2,ZHANG Huiwang1,ZHANG Beibei1,YONG Tao2,LIU Yuping2,SHUAI Ping1,2*
1.School of Public Health,Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,China
2.Department of Health Management & Physical Examination,Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital/University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 610000,China
*Corresponding author:SHUAI Ping,Research associate;E-mail:8369898@qq.com
【Abstract】 Background Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is the eleventh leading cause of death globally,and the burden of disease and economic impact caused by it is increasing rapidly. Its disability and mortality rates have exhibited the highest increase among all chronic diseases. Insulin resistance(IR)and obesity are closely associated with the onset and progression,and triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index can serve as a substitute indicator for IR. Nevertheless,the exact relationship between the TyG index and the development of CKD remains to be fully elucidated. Objective Through a cohort study,we aim to investigate the relationship between triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index and its combination with obesity indices in relation to the occurrence of CKD. Methods This retrospective cohort study selected 4 921 adult participants who underwent annual physical examinations at the Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Health Management & Physical Examination from January 2015 to November 2022,according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study cohort was categorized into four groups based on quartiles of the baseline triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index:Q1(5.43-6.66),Q2(6.67-7.04),Q3(7.05-7.43),and Q4(7.43-9.97),with sample sizes of 1 230,1 231,1 230 and 1 230,respeciyvely Obesity-related indices including waist circumference(WC),BMI,and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),were combined with the TyG index to form TyG-WC,TyG-BMI,and TyG-WHR indices. Based on the quartiles of the baseline TyG-WC index,the study subjects were divided into 4 groups,Q1(204.49-523.14),Q2(523.15-593.21),Q3(593.22-657.16),and Q4(657.17-992.75),with sample sizes of 1 230,1 232,1 229 and 1 230,respectively. Based on the quartiles of the baseline TyG-BMI index,the study subjects were divided into 4 groups,Q1(92.43-149.16),Q2(149.17-168.43),Q3(168.49-188.92),and Q4(88.93-306.64),with sample sizes of 1 228,1 231,1 232 and 1 230,respectively. Based on the quartiles of the baseline TyG-WHR index,the study subjects were divided into 4 groups,Q1(2.76-5.66),Q2(5.67-6.26),Q3(6.27-6.83),and Q4(6.84-9.67),with sample sizes of 1 230,1 230,1 231 and 1 230,respectively. The relationship between the TyG index and its combination with obesity indices and the incidence risk of CKD was examined by a Cox proportional hazards model,while a restricted cubic spline regression(RCS)was used to assess dose-response relationships. Results At the end of follow-up,there were 139 new cases of CKD in the study cohort,with an incidence rate of 2.8%. After accounting for potential confounding factors,the results showed that compared to the TyG index Q1 group,the TyG index Q4 group exhibited a significantly elevated risk of CKD incidence(HR=1.756,95%CI=1.010-3.054). Compared to the TyG-WC index Q1 group,the TyG-WC index Q4 group demonstrated a significantly higher risk of CKD incidence(HR=2.532,95%CI=1.210-5.296),with P<0.05. There was a non-linear dose-response relationship between the TyG index and the risk of CKD incidence(Pnonlinearity=0.048),with higher TyG index values(>6.93)associated with a greater risk of CKD incidence. The TyG-WC index had a linear dose-response relationship with the risk of CKD incidence(Pnonlinearity=0.078),with an increasing trend of CKD incidence risk with increasing TyG-WC index values. Conclusion Both TyG and TyG-WC are risk factors for CKD,controlling for TyG and WC can effectively prevent and manage CKD,this finding holds great importance for the prevention and treatment of CKD.
【Key words】 Chronic kidney disease;Triglyceride-glucose index;Insulin resistance;Obesity;Cohort study
慢性腎臟?。╟hronic kidney disease,CKD)是一種復(fù)雜、牽涉多個(gè)方面的疾病,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致腎功能不全并進(jìn)展為終末期腎?。╡nd-stage renal disease,ESRD)?,F(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)顯示,全球超過8.5億人受到腎臟疾病的困擾,其中大多數(shù)為CKD[1]。據(jù)估計(jì),全球CKD患病率為8%~16%[2-4]。CKD在全球死亡率排名第十一位[5-6],給社會(huì)帶來的疾病和經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)正迅速上升,其致殘和致死率的增長(zhǎng)幅度位居慢性疾病首位。
胰島素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)可以使體內(nèi)的胰島素代謝異常,進(jìn)而引起高血糖、高胰島素血癥等問題。這些問題會(huì)引起腎小球內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的損傷,從而導(dǎo)致腎小球?yàn)V過率下降,引起CKD。三酰甘油-葡萄糖(triglyceride-glucose,TyG)指數(shù)是一個(gè)衡量IR的指標(biāo),與CKD發(fā)生關(guān)系的研究較少,且大多數(shù)為橫斷面研究[7-9]。臨床上常用的肥胖指標(biāo)包括BMI、腰圍(waistline circumference,WC)和腰臀比(waist-to-hip ratio,WHR),TyG指數(shù)與肥胖指標(biāo)結(jié)合組成了TyG-BMI、TyG-WC、TyG-WHR指數(shù),相較于單獨(dú)使用的TyG指數(shù),這些組合具有更高的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。已在糖尿病前期、高尿酸血癥、非酒精性脂肪性肝病等多種常見疾病的研究中得到證實(shí),成為研究新方向[10-11]。目前,有關(guān)TyG指數(shù)與肥胖合并指標(biāo)在CKD發(fā)生方面的研究還比較有限。因此,本研究基于回顧性隊(duì)列研究,探討TyG指數(shù)及其肥胖合并指標(biāo)與CKD發(fā)生的關(guān)系,期望這些指標(biāo)成為識(shí)別CKD高危人群的輔助指標(biāo),為促進(jìn)群眾健康、提高診療水平提供參考和支持。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象
本研究人群為2015年1月—2022年11月在四川省人民醫(yī)院健康管理中心進(jìn)行年度體檢的個(gè)體。研究納入在2015—2022年期間至少參加過3次健康體檢調(diào)查,且估算腎小球?yàn)V過率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)、尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(urine albumin creatine ratio,UACR)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucosem,F(xiàn)PG)和三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、臀圍(hip circumference,HC)、BMI、WC數(shù)據(jù)資料完整的成年人。排除肝硬化、合并嚴(yán)重感染、惡性腫瘤、精神疾病、血液透析、腹膜透析、腎移植以及基線時(shí)患有CKD、UACR和eGFR異常的研究對(duì)象。本研究已通過四川省人民醫(yī)院臨床倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn),豁免患者知情同意[倫理審批號(hào):倫審(研)2023年第11號(hào)]。
1.2 問卷和體格檢查
采用醫(yī)院統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的問卷收集受試對(duì)象的基本信息、生活方式和行為以及個(gè)人病史。受試者靜坐休息后,由醫(yī)院專業(yè)的護(hù)士測(cè)量WC和HC,計(jì)算WHR:WHR=WC/HC。采用歐姆龍HBP-9020型全自動(dòng)電子血壓計(jì)測(cè)量3次坐位血壓,取平均值作為最終值。身高、體質(zhì)量的測(cè)量采用SK-14B0121型電子秤(深圳雙佳電子科技有限公司),計(jì)算BMI:BMI=體質(zhì)量/身高2(kg/m2)。
1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查
采集研究對(duì)象清晨空腹靜脈血,全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢測(cè)TG、血肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)和糖化血紅蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)等生化指標(biāo)。計(jì)算TyG指數(shù),TyG指數(shù)=Ln[TG(mg/dL)×FPG(mg/dL)/2][12];TyG-WC=TyG×WC;TyG-BMI=TyG×BMI;TyG-WHR=TyG×WHR。
采集體檢者清晨中段尿標(biāo)本,檢測(cè)尿白蛋白(urine albumin,UALB)、尿肌酐(creatinine,Cr),并計(jì)算UACR、eGFR。UACR=尿白蛋白(mg/L)/尿肌酐(g/L),eGFR采用腎病飲食改良研究(The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study,MDRD)的簡(jiǎn)化公式計(jì)算,eGFR=186×(Scr×0.011)-1.154×(年齡)-0.203×(0.742女性)[mL·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1],Scr(μmmol/L),年齡(歲)[13]。
1.4 診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
采用改善全球腎臟病預(yù)后組織(Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes,KDIGO)指南的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來進(jìn)行CKD的診斷:腎臟結(jié)構(gòu)或功能異常持續(xù)3個(gè)月以上,可診斷為CKD[14]。包括以下任意一項(xiàng)或兩項(xiàng):(1)eGFR<60 mL·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1;(2)蛋白尿(UALB≥30 mg/24 h或UACR≥30 mg/g)。FPG≥7.0 mmol/L及既往確診糖尿病的患者診斷為糖尿?。?5]。收縮壓(systolic blood pressure,SBP)≥140和/或舒張壓(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)≥90 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),和/或既往有高血壓史,目前正在使用降壓藥診斷為高血壓[16]。總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)≥5.18 mmol/L,和/或TG≥1.70 mmol/L,和/或低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)≥3.37 mmol/L,和/或高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)<1.04 mmol/L,和/或目前使用調(diào)脂藥物治療者可診斷為血脂異常[17]。平均每周飲酒≥1次,且持續(xù)時(shí)間≥6個(gè)月定義為飲酒[18]。平均每天吸煙≥1支,且持續(xù)時(shí)間≥6個(gè)月定義為吸煙[19]。運(yùn)動(dòng)頻率≥1次/周定義為有運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣[20]。
1.5 隨訪調(diào)查
本研究以發(fā)生CKD為主要結(jié)局,研究隨訪至2022-11-10。隨訪時(shí)間=達(dá)到研究終點(diǎn)的日期(或隨訪截止日期)-基線日期。
1.6統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 26.0和R 4.2.2軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以(x-±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn)或采用方差分析(ANOVA);非正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以M(Q1,Q3)表示。計(jì)數(shù)資料以相對(duì)數(shù)表示,組間比較用χ2檢驗(yàn)。采用比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型(proportional hazards model,Cox模型)分析TyG指數(shù)及其結(jié)合肥胖指標(biāo)與CKD發(fā)生的關(guān)系。并用限制性立方樣條回歸(restricted cubic spline,RCS)可視化TyG水平與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的劑量反應(yīng)關(guān)系。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 基本情況
該分析包括4 921例隊(duì)列人群,男3 139例(63.79%),平均年齡為(54.6±12.4)歲。截至隨訪終點(diǎn),新發(fā)CKD 139例,發(fā)生率為2.8%。
2.2 不同TyG、TyG-WC、TyG-BMI、TyG-WHR四分位組CKD發(fā)生率比較
根據(jù)基線TyG指數(shù)的四分位數(shù)將研究對(duì)象分為4組,分別為Q1(5.43~6.66)、Q2(6.67~7.04)、Q3(7.05~7.43)、Q4(7.43~9.97);將參與者按照基線TyG-WC指數(shù)的四分位數(shù)分成4組,分別為Q1(204.49~523.14)、Q2(523.15~593.21)、Q3(593.22~657.16)、Q4(657.17~992.75)組;將參與者按照基線TyG-BMI指數(shù)的四分位數(shù)分成4組,分別為Q1(92.43~149.16)、Q2(149.17~168.43)、Q3(168.49~188.92)、Q4(88.93~306.64)組;將參與者按照基線TyG-WHR指數(shù)的四分位數(shù)分成4組,分別為Q1(2.76~5.66)、Q2(5.67~6.26)、Q3(6.27~6.83)、Q4(6.84~9.67)組。
不同四分位數(shù)分組的TyG、TyG-WC、TyG-BMI、TyG-WHR指數(shù)的研究對(duì)象CKD發(fā)生率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.3 新發(fā)CKD和未發(fā)生CKD組的單因素分析
新發(fā)CKD和未發(fā)生CKD的研究對(duì)象比較,兩組的年齡、高血壓患病率、糖尿病患病率、高脂血癥患病率、SBP、WC、WHR、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、FPG、HbA1c、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、UACR、eGFR、TyG、TyG-WC、TyG-BMI、TyG-WHR比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.05)。新發(fā)CKD和未發(fā)生CKD組的性別、吸煙史、飲酒史、運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣、DBP、BMI、HC、TG比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均>0.05),見表2。
2.4 TyG指數(shù)及其肥胖合并指標(biāo)與新發(fā)CKD的關(guān)系
以是否新發(fā)CKD為因變量(賦值:是=1,否=0),分別以TyG、TyG-WC、TyG-BMI、TyG-WHR為自變量,進(jìn)行Cox模型分析。充分校正混雜因素(模型3)后發(fā)現(xiàn),與TyG指數(shù)Q1組相比,TyG指數(shù)Q4組發(fā)生CKD風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著增加(HR=1.756,95%CI= 1.010~3.054);與TyG-WC指數(shù)Q1組相比,TyG-WC指數(shù)Q4組發(fā)生CKD風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著增加(HR=2.532,95%CI= 1.210~5.296),P<0.05,見表3。
2.5 RSC評(píng)估TyG和TyG-WC指數(shù)與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)系
本研究進(jìn)一步采用RCS可視化TyG和TyG-WC指數(shù)與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)調(diào)整年齡、性別、吸煙、飲酒、高血壓、BMI和UA后,TyG指數(shù)與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈非線性相關(guān)(P非線性=0.048),TyG指數(shù)越高(>6.93),CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越高,見圖1;隨著TyG-WC指數(shù)的升高,其與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈線性上升趨勢(shì)(P非線性=0.078 ),見圖2。
3 討論
肥胖與CKD的發(fā)生和進(jìn)展密切相關(guān)[21-23],糖尿病和血脂代謝異常均已被證實(shí)為CKD的危險(xiǎn)因素[23]。IR發(fā)生在經(jīng)典的胰島素-β反應(yīng)器官(肝臟、骨骼肌和白色脂肪組織)中,特別是與肥胖和代謝綜合征相關(guān)[24]。近年來,研究顯示CKD患者普遍存在IR,IR是CKD進(jìn)展的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素[25]?,F(xiàn)有的IR檢測(cè)手段復(fù)雜且昂貴,在基層醫(yī)院仍較難開展[26-27]。TyG指數(shù)作為一種新的IR替代指標(biāo),計(jì)算方法簡(jiǎn)單,在臨床工作中易于獲得[28-30]。但目前TyG及其肥胖合并指標(biāo)與CKD之間的研究罕見。因此,本研究探究TyG指數(shù)及其肥胖合并指標(biāo)與CKD的發(fā)生關(guān)系。
ZHAO等[7]的研究表明,TyG指數(shù)越高,腎臟血管損害越嚴(yán)重。一項(xiàng)包含11 712例研究對(duì)象的隊(duì)列發(fā)現(xiàn)TyG可以預(yù)測(cè)CKD發(fā)生[31]。另一項(xiàng)隨訪5年的研究指出,TyG指數(shù)是eGFR快速下降和新發(fā)腎臟疾病的危險(xiǎn)因素[32]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,TyG、TyG-WC、TyG-BMI、TyG-WHR中,較高四分位組的研究對(duì)象的CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對(duì)較高,提示TyG、TyG-WC、TyG-BMI、TyG-WHR的升高可能與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加有關(guān)。
TyG指數(shù)是由空腹血糖和TG結(jié)合的,血脂異常會(huì)導(dǎo)致腎小球?yàn)V過屏障受損和蛋白尿[33],TG本身在近端小管中的積累也會(huì)刺激腎糖異生,增加腎小管萎縮和間質(zhì)纖維化[34]。糖代謝異常影響CKD的進(jìn)展,與IR也密切相關(guān)。首先,IR與代謝性疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加有關(guān),如高血壓、葡萄糖代謝異常、高尿酸血癥和血脂異常[35-36],
這也是CKD的危險(xiǎn)因素[37]。其次,胰島素在腎臟中起重要作用,包括調(diào)節(jié)水、電解質(zhì)和酸堿平衡,以及控制動(dòng)脈血壓。IR與多種腎臟疾病的發(fā)生和進(jìn)展相關(guān)。IR通過增加胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子-1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)的產(chǎn)生,刺激IGF-1受體,促進(jìn)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖,導(dǎo)致系膜細(xì)胞增生,抑制細(xì)胞凋亡,引發(fā)腎臟纖維化。此外,IR強(qiáng)化腎小管的保鈉作用,導(dǎo)致血壓對(duì)鹽的敏感性提高,腎小球內(nèi)壓增加,導(dǎo)致微量白蛋白尿,進(jìn)而增加腎臟損害[38]。最后,IR可以通過慢性炎癥和氧化應(yīng)激破壞腎臟足細(xì)胞和基底膜,引起和加速CKD的進(jìn)展[39-40]。
大量的證據(jù)表明,肥胖與腎臟疾病的關(guān)系在不斷發(fā)展[41]。眾所周知,肥胖總是和代謝綜合征中的糖脂代謝紊亂及血壓升高同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。但有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),校正了血糖、血壓和血脂等的影響因素后,并未發(fā)現(xiàn)肥胖與CKD風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加相關(guān)[42]。因此,研究認(rèn)為,肥胖和CKD之間的關(guān)聯(lián)可能是由于代謝異常中的多種病理機(jī)制導(dǎo)致的[43-45]。如果肥胖者沒有血壓升高、糖脂紊亂等代謝異常情況,則對(duì)健康的危害較低,并將其命名為代謝正常肥胖[46]。并且,肥胖對(duì)CKD具有雙重作用,稱為“肥胖悖論/逆向流行病學(xué)”,一方面其是CKD發(fā)展的可改變危險(xiǎn)因素,另一方面其與ESRD患者更好的生存結(jié)果相關(guān)[47-49]。因此,本研究將不同肥胖指標(biāo)與TyG指數(shù)相結(jié)合,從不同維度分析TyG指數(shù)與其結(jié)合肥胖指標(biāo)與CKD發(fā)生的關(guān)系,從一定程度上闡明了肥胖與CKD的關(guān)系。結(jié)果顯示,在調(diào)整相關(guān)影響因素后,相較于TyG-BMI和TyG-WHR,TyG和TyG-WC指數(shù)與體檢人群CKD發(fā)生的關(guān)系更加密切。TyG-WC指數(shù)與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間呈線性劑量關(guān)系,即隨著TyG-WC指數(shù)的升高,CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈上升趨勢(shì)。TyG指數(shù)與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間呈非線性劑量關(guān)系,在一定范圍內(nèi)(TyG>6.93),TyG指數(shù)越高,CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越高。
本研究具有一些局限性,首先,其是回顧性隊(duì)列研究,其論證強(qiáng)度不如前瞻性隊(duì)列研究。其次,本研究是基于健康體檢人群數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行的,由于此類人群通常擁有較高的健康素養(yǎng)水平,具有代表性和結(jié)論推廣的局限性。最后,一些其他的混雜因素,如睡眠等,在本研究中并未被探究。因此,未來需要進(jìn)行前瞻性、多中心的大樣本人群研究以得到更加完整和準(zhǔn)確的研究結(jié)論。
4 小結(jié)
TyG、TyG-WC、TyG-BMI、TyG-WHR與健康體檢人群新發(fā)CKD存在不同程度的相關(guān)性,其中TyG和TyG-WC在排除混雜因素的影響后,其第4四分位數(shù)組的CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著高于第1四分位數(shù)組。且TyG-WC指數(shù)與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈線性劑量關(guān)系,TyG-WC指數(shù)與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈非線性劑量關(guān)系。TyG和TyG-WC指數(shù)均為CKD的影響因素,控制TyG和WC可以有效地預(yù)防和管理CKD,對(duì)CKD的防治具有重要意義。
作者貢獻(xiàn):侯欽釧提出主要研究目標(biāo),負(fù)責(zé)研究的構(gòu)思、設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)施,撰寫論文;張芮、李炳宏、張輝望進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的收集與整理,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,圖、表的繪制與展示;張蓓蓓、雍濤、劉玉萍進(jìn)行論文的修訂;帥平負(fù)責(zé)文章的質(zhì)量控制與審查,對(duì)文章整體負(fù)責(zé),監(jiān)督管理。
本文無利益沖突。
帥平:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-3052
侯欽釧:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3072-5577
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(收稿日期:2023-08-03;修回日期:2024-03-18)
(本文編輯:李婷婷)
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(2017YFC0113901);四川省科技廳重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFS0600);電子科技大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)工程交叉聯(lián)合基金(ZYGX2021YGLH208)
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HOU Q C,ZHANG R,LI B H,et al. A retrospective cohort study on the relationship between triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with obesity indices and chronic kidney disease in adults[J]. Chinese General Practice,2024,27(22):2731-2738.
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