Primulina pingguoensis, a new species of
Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China
MA Husheng, LU Zhaocen, XU Weibin, PAN Bo( Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany,
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China )
Abstract: "Primulina pingguoensis H. S. Ma amp; B. Pan, a new species of Primulina Hance, Gesneriaceae from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, is illustrated and described here. The new species morphologically resembles P. carinata Y. G. Wei, F. Wen amp; H. Z. Lü, but it differs from the latter by lobes narrowly lanceolate-linear, length-width ratio more than 2 (rounded-ovate, length-width ratio less than 1.5), 8-10 purple stripes from corolla throat to the bottom of corolla tube, the same color with corolla, without honey guides (vs. brown stripes, different color with corolla, 2 yellow honey guides inside), leaf blade elliptic to broadly ovate, (6.5-9.5) cm × (4.5-6.5) cm [(vs. broadly elliptic to ovate, (4.0-5.0) cm × (3.0-4.0) cm], leaf blade base slightly cuneate (vs. rounded), corolla tube tubular, ventrally carinate, (vs. narrowly funnelform, strongly carinate, forming a clear keel), etc. The conservation status of P. pingguoensis is considered as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) according to the IUCN red list categories and criteria.
Key words: "limestone area, flora, Primulina, Primulina carinata, taxonomy
CLC number: "Q949
Document code: "A
Article ID: "1000-3142(2024)04-0629-06
摘"要: "該文報道了廣西苦苣苔科報春苣苔屬(Primulina Hance)一新種——平果報春苣苔(Primulina pingguoensis H. S. Ma amp; B. Pan),該新種在形態(tài)學上與囊筒報春苣苔(P. carinata Y. G. Wei, F. Wen amp; H. Z. Lü)相似,但兩者能明顯區(qū)別,平果報春苣苔花冠裂片狹披針形至線型,長寬比大于2 (vs.圓形至卵圓形,長寬比小于1.5),花冠內部具8~10條紫色條紋,與花冠同色,無明顯導蜜線(vs.棕色條紋,與花冠不同色,具兩條黃色導蜜線),花冠筒管狀,腹面隆狀,(vs.狹漏斗狀,明顯隆起,形成一清晰的龍骨),葉片橢圓形到寬卵形,(6.5~9.5) cm × (4.5~6.5) cm [vs.寬橢圓形到卵形,(4.0~5.0) cm × (3.0~4.0) cm],葉基部稍楔形(vs. 圓形)。該新種目前只在模式產地一個較大的石灰?guī)r溶洞及周邊發(fā)現(xiàn)有分布,目前該溶洞內開始發(fā)展畜牧養(yǎng)殖,對該物種的生存空間帶來壓力。該文對該新種的分布區(qū)(EOO)和占有面積(AOO) 分別進行了評估,認為根據現(xiàn)已知的居群和所受威脅情況,根據 IUCN 紅色名錄標準,可暫定為“極危(CR)”級別。該種作為傳統(tǒng)中藥,被當地居民用于新生兒去胎毒等,有一定的保護和利用價值,今后可進一步開展此物種的民族植物學和藥用植物學研究。該種面臨生境破壞和野外采挖的風險,因此很有必要開展遷地保護和野外回歸等相關工作。與該種同一鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)分布的物種紫麟報春苣苔(P. purpureokylin F. Wen, Yi Huang amp; W. C. Chou),后者花冠筒漏斗狀,葉片深綠至紫色,葉兩面具紫紅色粗伏毛而明顯區(qū)別;距離該種5 km內分布有小白花報春苣苔(P. alba R.F.Li amp; B.Pan),后者花明顯小型,花冠筒狀,純白色,與該種相區(qū)別。通過比較該種與報春苣苔屬其他物種,發(fā)現(xiàn)也有一些物種花筒或多或少有膨大,如淺黃報春苣苔(P. lutescens B. Pan amp; H. S. Ma)、粉花報春苣苔 [P. roseoalba (W. T. Wang) Mich. M?ller amp; A. Weber]、中華報春苣苔 [P. dryas (Dunn) Mich. M?ller amp; A. Weber]、多莛報春苣苔 [P. polycephala (Chun) Mich. M?ller amp; A. Weber]以及崀山報春苣苔 [P. langshanica (W. T. Wang) Yin Z. Wang]等,初步推斷報春苣苔屬植物的花筒膨大可能與特定傳粉者有關,然而這一假設需進一步的野外調查和實驗論證。
關鍵詞: 石灰?guī)r地區(qū), 植物區(qū)系, 報春苣苔屬, 囊筒報春苣苔, 分類學
The genus Primulina Hance (Hance, 1883) has become the largest genus of Gesneriaceae in China, following generic recircumscriptions based on recent molecular phylogenetic analyses (Wang et al., 2011; Weber et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2019). The newly revised Primulina consists of 230 species (excluding infraspecific taxa) primarily distributed from South and Southwest China to North Vietnam (GRC, 2023; Wen et al., 2019, 2021). Up to date, there are 213 accepted species (excluding infraspecific taxa) of Primulina recorded from China (GRC, 2023; Wen et al., 2021). The tropical and subtropical limestone mountainous areas of Guangxi, China, are the centers of species diversity and diversification of this genus (Li et al., 2019). Many new taxa of Primulina from South and Southwest China have been discovering and publishing since two decades (Guo et al., 2015; Mller, 2019; Wen et al., 2021). In the past decade, the number of new species in Primulina has averagely increased by about 10 per year (Xu et al., 2017). In the course of a floristic survey of limestone areas in July 2020, we discovered a rare plant of Gesneriaceae from Pingguo City, Guangxi, China. The species is recognized as Primulina by the following characters: the single chiritoid stigma, where the upper lobe of the stigma is not developed (Wang et al., 2011; Weber et al., 2011). After consulting the relevant literature (Xu et al., 2012; Wen et al., 2014; Guo et al., 2015; Mller et al., 2016; Ma et al., 2017; Li et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2021), as well as detailed comparison with relevant specimens and taxonomic publications (Wang et al., 1998; Li amp; Wang, 2005; Wei et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2017), a new species of Primulina is identified, which is described and illustrated below.
Primulina pingguoensis H.S. Ma amp; B. Pan, sp. nov. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2)
The new species is similar to Primulina carinata Y. G. Wei, F. Wen amp; H. Z. Lü in floral characteristics, but it differs from the latter by lobes narrowly lanceolate-linear, length-width ratio more than 2 (rounded-ovate, length-width ratio less than 1.5), 8-10 purple stripes from corolla throat to the bottom of corolla tube, without honey guides (vs. brown stripes, 2 yellow honey guides inside, leaf blade elliptic to broadly ovate, (6.5-9.5) cm × (4.5-6.5) cm [vs. broadly elliptic to ovate, (4.0-5.0) cm × (3.0-4.0) cm], leaf blade base slightly cuneate (vs. rounded), corolla tube tubular, ventrally carinate, (vs. narrowly funnelform, strongly carinate, forming a clear keel), etc.
A. Habit with flowers; B. Corolla opened with stamens and staminodes; C. Calyx anatomy; D. Calyx and pistil; E. Enlarged abaxial veins.
Fig. 1"Line drawings of Primulina pingguoensis
Type: CHINA, Guangxi, Pingguo City, Guohua Town, Longyang Village, elevation 220 m, 23°16′ N, 107°29′ E, 20 July 2020, Hu-Sheng Ma amp; Bo Pan MHS2020072001 (Holotype: IBK!, Isotypes: PE! and IBK?。?
1"Description
Perennial herbs. Rhizomatous stem subterete, 1-4 cm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter. Leaves 8-17, basal; petiole subterete, 4.5-8 cm long, 4-6 mm wide; leaf blade elliptic,to broadly ovate, (6.5-9.5) cm × (4.5-6.5) cm, apex obtuse to round, base slightly oblique, cuneate, margin entire, rarely repand, puberulent on both sides, lateral veins 3-5 on each side, prominent abaxially. Cymes axillary, 4-6, 1-4-branched, 3-8-flowered per cyme, peduncle 8.0-16.5 cm long, 2-3 mm in diam., with erectly white glandular pubescent; bracts opposite, pale green, linear or linear-lanceolate, ca. 8.0 mm × 1.8 mm, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, margin entire to sparsely dentate; bracteoles 2, opposite, the shape, indumentum characteristics and color same as bracts but obviously smaller, ca. 4.0 mm × 0.8 mm; pedicel 1.1-3.5 cm long, densely pubescent, 0.9 - 1.2 mm in diam. Calyx 5-parted nearly to the base, lobes linear-lanceolate, (4.0 - 5.0) mm × (0.8 - 1.0) mm, pale green, apex acuminate, sparsely white pubescent outside, inside nearly glabrous, margins entire. Corolla pinkish purple, with 8 - 10 longitudinal dark purple stripes from the throat to the bottom of the corolla tube, 16 - 20 mm long, externally glandular pubescent, internally sparsely puberulent; tube tubular, ventrally carinate, purplish purple to pink, 10 - 11 mm long, ca. 6 mm in diam. at the base, 8-10 mm in diameter in medium. Limb distinctly 2-lipped, purplish adaxial lip 2-parted to the middle, lobes oblong, ca. 6 mm × 3 mm, three purplish vertical lines on each corolla lip; abaxial lip 3-parted to over the middle, lobes broadly oblong, ca. 9 mm × 4 mm, rounded at apex. Stamens 2, adnate to ca. 6 mm above the corolla tube base, filaments linear, white to translucent, ca. 6.5 mm long, geniculate over middle, glabrous; anthers elliptic to reniform, connate at adaxial surface, dorsifixed, ca. 2 mm long, glabrous. Staminodes 3, translucent, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, slightly swollen at apex, adnate to ca. 6 mm above the corolla tube base. Disk ringlike, ca. 0.8 mm high, margin repand. Pistil 11-15 mm long, linear, densely puberulent, ovary yellowish brown, 6 - 8 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, style densely puberulent, white to translucent, 6-8 mm long, nearly glabrous; stigma obtrapeziform, ca. 1 mm long, apex 2-lobed. Capsule linear, outside pubescent, 18 - 24 mm long, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., valvate dehiscence when mature.
2"Distribution and Habitat
Up to date, the new species has been only found in Pingguo City, Guangxi, on the surface of wet crevices of rocks surrounding a big karst cave, elevation 220 m, 107°29′ E, 23°16′ N. It grows on the shady surface of limestone rocks. The main associated species are Adiantum flabellulatum L., Alchornea trewioides (Benth.)
Müll. Arg., Arachniodes chinensis (Rosenst.) Ching,
A. Habitat; B. Habit; C. Lateral view of corolla; D. Frontal view of corolla; E. Corolla opened with stamens and staminodes; F. Cyme and flowers; G. Calyx and pistil; H. Adaxial and abaxial leaves.
Fig. 2"Primulina pingguoensis
Asplenium sampsoni Hance, Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron and so on.
2.1 Phenology
Flowering occurs from July to August, and fruiting occurs from August to September.
2.2 Etymology
The specific epithet ‘pingguoensis’ refers to the type locality of this new species.
2.3 Conservation status
Primulina pingguoensis is currently known only from the type locality. The total population size of this new species is small. The mature individuals of the new species are 187. Besides, there is a continuing decline in quality of habitat slightly prominent as local villagers have developed animal husbandry in the karst cave and used P. pingguoensis as traditional Chinese medicine by local inhabitant according to our observations and interviews. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is 4 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 0.64 km2. Thus, based on currently available information, we propose that P. pingguoensis should be considered as ‘Critically Endangered’ [(CR): B1+ B2a], C2b, according to the Guidelines for Using (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2022). This species is confronted with habitat destruction and wild extraction, therefore, it is necessary to carry out conservation actions, such as: ex situ conservation and field return, etc.
2.4 Similar species
This new species is morphologically similar to Primulina carinata Y. G. Wei, F. Wen amp; H. Z. Lü in floral characteristics, but the two species show several diagnostic differences (Table 1). By comparing the new species with other spicies in Prumulina not only P. carinata, we have found that there are other species with carianate corolla more or less, eg, P. dryas, P. polycephala, P. langshanica, and P. roseo-alba, etc. The tube is transitional from funnelform to tubular, all these transitional characters are relation to pollination biology through experimental observation in greenhouse as well as in wild.
Acknowledgements"We thank Miss. WEN Zunrong for the handsome drawing.
Table 1"Morphological comparison of Primulina pingguoensis and P. carinata
References:
GRC, 2023. Gesneriaceae Resource Centre [EB/OL]. "[2023-08-21]. https://padme.rbge.org.uk/grc/data/checklists.
GUO J, PAN B , LIU J , et al., 2015. Three new species of Primulina (Gesneriaceae) from limestone karsts of China based on morphological and molecular evidence "[J]. Bot Stud, 56(1): 34-46.
HANCE HF, 1883. New Chinese Cyrtandreae "[J]. J Bot, 21: 165-170.
IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. 2022. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria [S/OL]. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. [2023-08-21]. http://www.iucnredlist.org/.
LI S, XIN ZB, CHOU WC, et al., 2019. Five new species of the genus Primulina (Gesneriaceae) from limestone areas of Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, China "[J]. PhytoKeys, 127: 77-91.
LI ZY, WANG YZ, 2005. Plants of Gesneriaceae in China "[M]. Zhengzhou: Henan Science and Technology Publishing House: 170-282. [李振宇, 王印政, 2005. 中國苦苣苔科植物[M]. 鄭州: 河南科學技術出版社: 170-282.]
MA HS, PAN B, XU WB, 2017. Primulina lutescens sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from southern Guangxi, China "[J]. Nord J Bot, 35(6): 687-691.
M?LLER M, WEI YG, WEN F, et al., 2016. You win some you lose some: updated generic delineations and classification of Gesneriaceae implications for the family in China "[J]. Guihaia, 36(1): 44-60. [M?ller Michael, 韋毅剛, 溫放, 等, 2016. 得與失: 苦苣苔科新的屬級界定與分類系統(tǒng)——中國該科植物之變遷[J]. 廣西植物, 36(1): 44-60.]
M?LLER M, 2019. Species discover in time: an example of Gesneriaceae in China "[J]. Guangxi Sci, 26(1): 1-15. [M?ller Michael, 2019. "物種的及時發(fā)現(xiàn): 以中國苦苣苔科植物為例[J]. 廣西科學, 26(1): 1-15.]
WANG WC (WT), PAN KY(CY), LI ZY, et al., 1998. Gesneriaceae [M]// WU ZY, RAVEN PH. Flora of China: Vol. 18. Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press: 244-401.
WANG WC (WT), PAN KY (CY), XU WB, 2017. Gesneriaceae "[M]// LI SG. Flora of Guangxi: Vol. 4. Nanning: Guangxi Science amp; Technology Publising House Press: 656-703. [王文采, 潘開玉, 許為斌, 2017. 苦苣苔科[M]// 李樹剛. 廣西植物志: 第4卷. 南寧: 廣西科學技術出版社: 656-703.]
WANG, YZ, MAO RB, LIU Y, et al., 2011. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Chirita and allies (Gesneriaceae) with taxonomic treatments "[J]. Syst Evol, 49: 50-64.
WEBER A, MIDDLETON DJ, FORREST A, et al., 2011. Molecular systematics and remodeling of Chirita and associated genera (Gesneriaceae) "[J]. Taxon, 60(3): 767-790.
WEI YG, WEN F , MLLER M, et al., 2010. Gesneriaceae of South China [M]. Nanning: Guangxi Science amp; Technology Publising House Press: 274-490.[韋毅剛, 溫放, Mller M, 等, 2010. 華南苦苣苔科植物 [M]. 南寧: 廣西科學技術出版社: 274-490.]
WEN F, LI S, XIN ZB, et al., 2019. The updated plant list of Gesneriaceae in China under the new Chinese naming rules "[J]. Guangxi Sci, 26(1): 37-63. [溫放, 黎舒, 辛子兵, 等, 2019. 新中文命名規(guī)則下的最新中國苦苣苔科植物名錄 [J]. 廣西科學, 26(1): 37-63.]
WEN F, WEI YG, FU LF, et al., 2021. The Checklist of Gesneriaceae in China [EB/OL]. "[2023-08-21]. http://gccc.gxib.cn/cn/about-68.aspx.[溫放, 韋毅剛, 符龍飛, 等, 2021. 中國苦苣苔科植物名錄 [EB/OL]. [2023-08-21]. http://gccc.gxib.cn/cn/about-68.aspx.]
WEN F, WEI YG, Lü HZ, 2014. Primulina carinata (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China "[J]. Novon, 23: 381-384.
XU WB, ZHANG Q, WEN F, et al., 2012. Nine new combinations and one new name of Primulina (Gesneriaceae) from South China "[J]. Phytotaxa, 64: 1-8.
XU WB, GUO J, PAN B, et al., 2017. Diversity and distribution of Gesneriaceae in China "[J]. Guihaia, 37(10): 1219-1226. [許為斌, 郭婧, 盤波, 等, 2017. 中國苦苣苔科植物的多樣性與地理分布[J]. 廣西植物, 37(10): 1219-1226.]
XU WB, CHANG H, HUANG J, et al., 2019. Molecular systematics of Chiritopsis-like Primulina (Gesneriaceae): one new species, one new name, two new combinations, and new synonyms "[J]. Bot Stud, 60(1): 13-21.
ZHANG JQ, HUANG H, LI MJ, et al., 2021. Primulina silaniae sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from the limestone area of Guizhou Province, China "[J]. PhytoKeys, 185: 123-130.
(責任編輯"李"莉"王登惠)
DOI: 10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202305018
馬虎生, 陸昭岑, 許為斌, 等, 2024.
廣西苦苣苔科植物一新種——平果報春苣苔 [J]. 廣西植物, 44(4): 629-634.
MA HS, LU ZC, XU WB, et al., 2024. Primulina pingguoensis, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China [J]. Guihaia, 44(4): 629-634.
收稿日期: "2023-09-01"接受日期: 2023-10-23
基金項目: "廣西植物研究所基本業(yè)務費項目( 桂植業(yè)20007, 桂植業(yè)22011); 廣西第一次全國林草種質資源普查與收集(GXFS-2021-34)。
第一作者: 馬虎生(1986—),碩士,助理研究員,主要從事植物系統(tǒng)分類與進化學研究,(E-mail)mhs689@126.com。
通信作者: "盤波,副研究員,主要從事物種保育與植物栽培研究,(E-mail)panbo@gxib.cn。