城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建

城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是城市人類與周圍生物和非生物環(huán)境相互作用而形成的一類具有一定功能的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，在其概念范疇下，形成了城市生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、城市藍(lán)綠空間生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。其中，城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是在城市及其影響范圍內(nèi)，以提供生態(tài)與社會(huì)雙重服務(wù)功能為目的，以城市建設(shè)用地內(nèi)的城市綠地及城市建設(shè)用地外影響城市生態(tài)安全格局的林地、濕地等生態(tài)空間為要素，以連續(xù)性生態(tài)廊道為聯(lián)結(jié)，所形成的網(wǎng)狀空間系統(tǒng)。在用地緊張的城市化區(qū)域，城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是提高用地復(fù)合效能的主要途徑，其組分構(gòu)成決定了其是城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)組分主體之一，是與人居環(huán)境關(guān)系最密切、最可調(diào)、且投資相對(duì)低的生態(tài)空間載體。

與傳統(tǒng)城市綠地系統(tǒng)不同，城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)更強(qiáng)調(diào)城市生物多樣性保護(hù)需求，兼顧公眾人居生態(tài)環(huán)境需求，提高人居環(huán)境的生態(tài)質(zhì)量，強(qiáng)調(diào)營(yíng)造、維護(hù)和恢復(fù)多樣化、層次化、系統(tǒng)化的城市生態(tài)空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究，存在內(nèi)在機(jī)制不明、理論方法不完善、智能規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)及科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)與決策支持平臺(tái)尚缺乏等問(wèn)題。由本人組建并帶領(lǐng)的EcoLA研究團(tuán)隊(duì)，在城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建領(lǐng)域開(kāi)展了為期近十年的科技攻關(guān)和示范應(yīng)用，創(chuàng)建了城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)有機(jī)進(jìn)化理論，研建了城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建方法，創(chuàng)建了一些城市生態(tài)廊道連接度的高效提升關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，研制了城市生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)布局結(jié)構(gòu)的智能規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)（試用版），為高效能城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的規(guī)劃、建設(shè)和管控奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

本期專題“城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，聚焦基本概念辨析、網(wǎng)絡(luò)演進(jìn)機(jī)制、情景模擬與評(píng)估、智能規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)、精準(zhǔn)修復(fù)策略等方面。在理論研究方面，辨析了中國(guó)國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃語(yǔ)境下城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的概念內(nèi)涵、構(gòu)建方法及發(fā)展方向；提出將生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為一種捍衛(wèi)城市空間特色的“空間工具”，超越當(dāng)前“空間生產(chǎn)”的局限性，引導(dǎo)了一種內(nèi)涵式的特色空間“生產(chǎn)”方式。在技術(shù)研發(fā)和應(yīng)用方面，以桂林市為對(duì)象，模擬了多情景下城市土地利用變化格局，并采用景觀格局指數(shù)，對(duì)模擬產(chǎn)生的多個(gè)生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的有效性進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)和對(duì)比；以北京海淀北部新區(qū)和亦莊新城為對(duì)象，精準(zhǔn)識(shí)別了城市生態(tài)空間受損部位及受損程度，并基于城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)模式提出生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化建議和改進(jìn)措施；以江蘇省昆山市密集城區(qū)的189個(gè)街區(qū)單元為研究對(duì)象，探討了城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在協(xié)同冬夏季小氣候環(huán)境中的低效空間識(shí)別與精準(zhǔn)修復(fù)技術(shù)方法，為優(yōu)化人居環(huán)境宜居性、提升城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)氣候調(diào)節(jié)服務(wù)效能提供技術(shù)參考。最后，將保護(hù)生物多樣性、提升功能連接度作為城市尺度綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建的核心目標(biāo)，梳理和綜合圖論、生境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)、最小累積阻力模型和電路理論等模型和方法，介紹了一套理技術(shù)流程明確的城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)智能規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)。

國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃背景下，在人口稠密、用地緊缺的城市，特別是中心城以及周邊區(qū)域，城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃已成為重要專項(xiàng)內(nèi)容之一。本期推出了城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)從理論研究到關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研發(fā)與應(yīng)用的最新進(jìn)展，提出了城市綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建理論基礎(chǔ)與探索實(shí)踐的重點(diǎn)，以期更多專家學(xué)者加入該領(lǐng)域的研究與實(shí)踐中。

主編

2023年12月11日

Systematic Construction of Urban Green Space Ecological Network

Urban ecosystem is a kind of network structure with certain functions formed by the interaction between urban human beings and the surrounding biotic and abiotic environments, and under its conceptual scope, urban ecological network, urban bluegreen space ecological network, urban green space ecological network (UGSEN)have been formed.Among them, the UGSEN is a network space system formed in the city and its influence area with the purpose of providing both ecological and social services, with the urban green space within the urban construction land and the ecological space such as woodland and wetland outside the urban construction land affecting the ecological security pattern of the city as elements, and with the continuity of ecological corridors as links.In urbanized areas with tight land use, the UGSEN is the main way to improve the efficiency of land use composite, and its component composition determines that it is one of the main components of the urban ecosystem, and that it is the ecological space carrier that has the closest relationship with the human environment, is the most adjustable, and has a relatively low level of investment.

Different from the traditional urban green space system, the UGSEN places more emphasis on the urban biodiversity protection needs, takes into account the public’s habitat ecological environment needs, and emphasizes the creation, maintenance and restoration of a diversified, hierarchical and systematic urban ecological space network system.At present, the research on the UGSEN at home and abroad has problems such as unknown inner mechanism, imperfect theory and method,and lack of intelligent planning system and scientific evaluation and decision-making support platform.The EcoLA research team formed and led by myself has carried out scientific and technological research and demonstration application in the field of the UGSEN system construction for about ten years, created the theory of organic evolution of urban green space ecological network, developed the method of urban green space ecological network system construction, created the key technology of efficiently improving the connectivity of urban ecological corridors, and developed the platform of intelligent planning system for the layout structure of urban ecological network, which provides the basis for a highly efficient urban green space ecological network.In addition, we have developed an intelligent planning system platform (trial version) for urban ecological network layout structure, which lays the foundation for the planning, construction and control of high-efficiency urban green space ecological network.

The topic of this issue “Urban Green Space Ecological Network” focuses on the analysis of basic concepts, network evolution mechanism, scenario simulation and assessment, intelligent planning system, and precise restoration strategy.In terms of theoretical research, the concept, construction methods, and development direction of UGSEN in the context of China’s national spatial planning were analyzed; The ecological networks as a “spatial tool” to defend urban spatial characteristics transcends the limitations of current “spatial production” was proposed and a connotative and distinctive spatial “production” approach was guided.In terms of technological research and application, Guilin City was taken as the object to simulate the urban land use change pattern under multiple scenarios, and the landscape pattern index was used to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of multiple ecological networks generated by the simulation; Taking Beijing Haidian North New Area and Yizhuang New City as objects, the damaged areas and degrees of urban ecological space were accurately identified, and ecological network optimization suggestions and improvement measures were proposed based on the urban spatial structure model; Taking 189 block units in the densely populated urban area of Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province as the research object, this paper explores the inefficient spatial identification and precise restoration technology methods of UGSEN in the collaborative winter and summer microclimate environment, providing technical reference for optimizing the livability of living environment and improving the efficiency of UGSEN climate regulation services.Finally, the protection of biodiversity and the enhancement of functional connectivity are the core goals of constructing UGSENs.Models and methods such as graph theory, habitat quality evaluation, minimum cumulative resistance model, and circuit theory were summarized and integrated to introduce an intelligent planning system for urban green space ecological networks with clear technical processes.

In the context of territorial spatial planning, UGSEN planning has become one of the important special contents in densely populated cities with land scarcity, especially in central cities and their surrounding areas.This issue presents the latest progress of UGSEN from theoretical research to the development and application of key technologies, and puts forward the theoretical foundation of the construction of UGSEN system and the focus of exploration and practice, with the hope that more experts and scholars will join in the research and practice in this field.

Editor-in-Chief

December 11th, 2023