杜炳辰,王銘,劉春國(guó),王世達(dá),魏新宇,路雅曼,孫振釗,劉在斯,魏麗麗,王靖飛,楊德成
蓋塔病毒SC483株cDNA感染性克隆的構(gòu)建
杜炳辰,王銘,劉春國(guó),王世達(dá),魏新宇,路雅曼,孫振釗,劉在斯,魏麗麗,王靖飛,楊德成
中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院哈爾濱獸醫(yī)研究所/動(dòng)物疫病防控全國(guó)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,哈爾濱 150069
【背景】蓋塔病毒(Getah virus, GETV)是一種由蚊蟲(chóng)傳播的病毒,分類學(xué)上屬于披膜病毒科甲病毒屬成員。該病毒宿主范圍廣,可感染豬、馬、牛、狐貍等多種哺乳動(dòng)物,人也可以感染,但在人群中造成的危害尚不知曉。動(dòng)物感染主要臨床表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱、皮疹、關(guān)節(jié)炎、繁殖障礙和死胎。GETV在世界范圍內(nèi)流行較為廣泛,近年來(lái)在我國(guó)的流行呈上升趨勢(shì),2018年我國(guó)南方多個(gè)豬場(chǎng)爆發(fā)該病,GETV在畜禽養(yǎng)殖及公共衛(wèi)生方面的危害漸漸受到人們的關(guān)注。目前,尚無(wú)用于預(yù)防和治療蓋塔病毒感染的商業(yè)化疫苗和藥物。由于對(duì)GETV研究較少,其生物學(xué)特性、對(duì)不同物種的致病性和致病機(jī)制以及流行趨勢(shì)在很大程度上均是未知的。【目的】建立高效的GETV反向遺傳操作平臺(tái),為深入研究GETV基因組結(jié)構(gòu)與功能、致病機(jī)制以及開(kāi)發(fā)新型疫苗奠定基礎(chǔ)?!痉椒ā坎扇』瘜W(xué)合成的方式人工合成了兩端分別含有錘頭狀核酶(HamRz)和丁肝病毒核酶(HdvRz)序列的GETV SC483株基因組全長(zhǎng),并克隆至低拷貝pOK12-CMV載體中,從而獲得含有GETV SC483株基因組全長(zhǎng)cDNA克隆的重組質(zhì)粒pGETV-SC483。將純化的重組質(zhì)粒pGETV-SC483轉(zhuǎn)染BHK-21細(xì)胞進(jìn)行病毒拯救。對(duì)拯救病毒進(jìn)行連續(xù)傳代、鑒定以及生物學(xué)特性分析,并對(duì)感染性克隆質(zhì)粒pGETV-SC483在大腸桿菌中的遺傳穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證?!窘Y(jié)果】重組質(zhì)粒pGETV-SC483轉(zhuǎn)染BHK-21細(xì)胞后,48 h即可觀察到GETV感染引起的典型細(xì)胞病變,獲得的拯救病毒命名為rSC483。分別提取拯救病毒和親本病毒基因組RNA,對(duì)病毒基因組進(jìn)行RT-PCR擴(kuò)增、I酶切以及序列測(cè)定。結(jié)果表明,拯救病毒不同于親本病毒,其含有人為引入以消去I酶切位點(diǎn)的G4332A突變的分子標(biāo)記。使用GETV特異性抗體作為檢測(cè)抗體的間接免疫熒光試驗(yàn)和病毒粒子形態(tài)學(xué)電鏡負(fù)染觀察結(jié)果進(jìn)一步表明,GETV拯救成功。噬斑形成試驗(yàn)和一步生長(zhǎng)曲線試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,拯救病毒與親本病毒具有相似的復(fù)制能力和增殖特性。另外,感染性克隆質(zhì)粒pGETV-SC483在大腸桿菌DH5α中連續(xù)傳代后的測(cè)序結(jié)果表明,該重組質(zhì)粒具有良好的遺傳穩(wěn)定性?!窘Y(jié)論】成功構(gòu)建了穩(wěn)定、高效的GETV SC483株全長(zhǎng)cDNA感染性克隆,為GETV生物學(xué)特性及致病機(jī)理研究以及新型疫苗開(kāi)發(fā)提供了技術(shù)平臺(tái)。
蓋塔病毒;cDNA感染性克?。徊《菊?;反向遺傳操作系統(tǒng)
【研究意義】蓋塔病毒(Getah virus, GETV)為披膜病毒科()甲病毒屬()成員,屬于蟲(chóng)媒病毒。GETV分布廣泛,澳大利亞、菲律賓、印度、日本、韓國(guó)、中國(guó)以及俄羅斯等地區(qū)相繼有該病毒分離或動(dòng)物發(fā)病的報(bào)道[1-8]。GETV感染譜廣,馬、豬、牛、藍(lán)狐等均可感染[2, 9-12]。受感染的馬表現(xiàn)發(fā)熱、皮疹、后肢水腫和淋巴結(jié)腫大[13-14];而感染豬主要引起新生仔豬發(fā)熱、關(guān)節(jié)炎和死亡以及妊娠母豬繁殖障礙[15-17]。豬群在自然界被認(rèn)為是GETV的主要放大宿主[18]。在流行地區(qū)發(fā)熱病人和健康人血清中均檢測(cè)到該病毒特異性抗體,表明GETV可以感染人,具有重要的公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)意義[5, 19-22]。GETV病毒粒子呈球形,直徑約70 nm,有囊膜和纖突?;蚪M為單股正鏈RNA,全長(zhǎng)約11 – 12 knt。其基因組5′端具有甲基化帽狀結(jié)構(gòu),3′末端具有Poly(A)尾巴結(jié)構(gòu)?;蚪M包含兩個(gè)開(kāi)放閱讀框(open reading frame, ORF),分別編碼4種非結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白(nsP1、nsP2、nsP3和nsP4)和5種結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白(CP、E3、E2、6K和E1)[23]。近年來(lái),GETV感染引起的豬群發(fā)病屢見(jiàn)報(bào)道,2018年湖南省某豬場(chǎng)暴發(fā)GETV疫情,導(dǎo)致大約200頭新生仔豬死亡以及超過(guò)150頭妊娠母豬產(chǎn)死胎或木乃伊胎;隨后在山東某豬廠也出現(xiàn)GETV疫情[24]。目前,對(duì)于GETV的研究相對(duì)較少,尤其是其基因組的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能、致病性以及致病機(jī)理,嚴(yán)重阻礙了有效疫苗和治療性藥物的研發(fā)。因此,借助反向遺傳技術(shù)對(duì)蓋塔病毒進(jìn)行相關(guān)研究,可為該病的有效防控提供科學(xué)依據(jù)?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】近期,WANG等[25]、REN等[26]相繼利用真核啟動(dòng)子CMV建立了GETV感染性cDNA克隆,但沒(méi)有很好地解決病毒基因組的精確轉(zhuǎn)錄問(wèn)題,病毒基因組的5′和3′末端含有冗余序列,這些非病毒序列的攜帶可能會(huì)改變病毒的致病性,從而影響病毒基因組結(jié)構(gòu)和功能研究?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】為了建立具有精確病毒基因組全長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)錄本的GETV反向遺傳操作系統(tǒng),本研究采取基因合成的方式人工合成了兩端分別含有錘頭狀核酶(hammerhead ribozyme, HamRz)和丁肝病毒核酶(hepatitis delta ribozyme, HdvRz)序列的SC483株基因組全長(zhǎng),并克隆至含有CMV啟動(dòng)子的載體中,成功構(gòu)建了遺傳穩(wěn)定的GETV cDNA感染性克隆,且拯救病毒具有與親本病毒相似的生物學(xué)特性。【擬解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】建立GETV SC483株的反向遺傳操作系統(tǒng),為深入研究GETV基因組結(jié)構(gòu)和功能、致病機(jī)制以及新型疫苗的研發(fā)奠定基礎(chǔ)。
試驗(yàn)于2021年2月—9月在中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院哈爾濱獸醫(yī)研究所動(dòng)物疫病防控全國(guó)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成。
BHK-21細(xì)胞(ATCC CCL-10);豬源GETV毒株SC483(MN478486)由動(dòng)物疫病防控全國(guó)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室分離鑒定并保存;大腸桿菌DH5α感受態(tài)細(xì)胞購(gòu)自TaKaRa公司;重組質(zhì)粒pOK12-CMV由動(dòng)物疫病防控全國(guó)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室構(gòu)建并保存。
GETV E2蛋白多抗血清由動(dòng)物疫病防控全國(guó)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室制備并保存;Alexa Fluor 488標(biāo)記的山羊抗鼠IgG購(gòu)自Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;DMEM培養(yǎng)基、胎牛血清購(gòu)自Gibco公司;KOD FX Neo高保真PCR酶購(gòu)自TOYOBO公司;限制性內(nèi)切酶I購(gòu)自NEB公司;Simply P total RNA extraction Kit購(gòu)自BioFlux公司;PrimeScript? 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit購(gòu)自TaKaRa公司;Polyethylenimine Transfection Reagent購(gòu)自Sigma-Aldrich公司;無(wú)內(nèi)毒素質(zhì)粒大提試劑盒購(gòu)自TIANGEN公司;2%磷鎢酸(pH 6.5)購(gòu)自中鏡科儀公司。
在SC483株病毒基因組5′末端引入錘頭狀核酶(hammerhead ribozyme, HamRz)序列,在病毒基因組3′末端引入丁肝病毒核酶(hepatitis delta ribozyme, HdvRz)序列。在病毒基因組4332 nt位置將G突變?yōu)锳,使該位置GCGGCCGC(I)變?yōu)镚CAGCCGC,從而消除I酶切位點(diǎn)作為拯救病毒的分子標(biāo)記。將設(shè)計(jì)好的SC483株全基因組全長(zhǎng)cDNA序列分為A、B、C、D 4個(gè)片段送至吉林庫(kù)美生物公司進(jìn)行人工合成并順次克隆于pOK12-CMV載體中,獲得含有正確GETV基因組全長(zhǎng)cDNA克隆的重組質(zhì)粒命名為pGETV-SC483。構(gòu)建策略見(jiàn)圖1。
圖1 GETV SC483株全長(zhǎng)cDNA感染性克隆的構(gòu)建策略
采用無(wú)內(nèi)毒素質(zhì)粒大提試劑盒提取重組質(zhì)粒pGETV-SC483,并按Polyethylenimine Transfection Reagent試劑盒說(shuō)明書操作步驟將其轉(zhuǎn)染于80%—90%的單層BHK-21細(xì)胞。轉(zhuǎn)染后4 h用含2%胎牛血清的DMEM更換培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng),觀察細(xì)胞病變(CPE),大約3 d左右收獲細(xì)胞上清,并在BHK-21細(xì)胞上連續(xù)傳代,拯救病毒命名為rSC483。
將rSC483與SC483-WT接種BHK-21細(xì)胞,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)16 h;棄去培養(yǎng)基,加入4%多聚甲醛固定10 min,PBS洗3次;用含0.1% TX-100的PBS透膜20 min,PBS洗3次;用含1% BSA的PBS封閉45 min;加入GETV E2多抗血清(1﹕500)室溫孵育2 h,PBS洗4次;加入Alexa Fluor 488標(biāo)記的山羊抗鼠IgG(1﹕2 000)室溫孵育1 h,PBS洗4次后在熒光顯微鏡下觀察。同時(shí)設(shè)不接毒細(xì)胞對(duì)照。
將拯救病毒感染的BHK-21細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物3 500 r/min和8 000 r/min(4℃)各離心30 min,取上清,在含20%蔗糖的NTE緩沖液(pH 7.4)中24 500 r/min(4℃)離心1.5 h后,用100 μL PBS重懸沉淀。取20 μL重懸樣品于碳支持膜銅網(wǎng)上吸附2 min,用2%磷鎢酸(pH 6.5)染色15 s,干燥后進(jìn)行透射電子顯微鏡(日立H-7650)觀察。
按照Simply P total RNA extraction kit說(shuō)明書分別提取拯救病毒rSC483和親本病毒SC483-WT的基因組RNA,然后用PrimeScript? 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄,以此反轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物為模板,利用引物BF(TGA ATA CCG ACG AGG AAA GCT AC)、BR(CGA CAT AGA CAC GGT ACC GTT TT)進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增B片段,將目的片段膠回收純化后,使用限制性內(nèi)切酶I進(jìn)行酶切鑒定,同時(shí)進(jìn)行測(cè)序分析。
將rSC483與SC483-WT稀釋至1000 TCID50后分別取100 μL接種于單層BHK-21細(xì)胞,37℃吸附1 h,每孔加入3 mL含1%甲基纖維素的DMEM覆蓋,37℃繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)3 d;棄去培養(yǎng)基,加入4%多聚甲醛溶液固定30 min,用0.5%結(jié)晶紫染色30 min,自來(lái)水洗去染色液,觀察蝕斑形成情況。
BHK-21細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)至90%單層時(shí),按病毒感染復(fù)數(shù)(MOI)為5的劑量分別接種rSC483和SC483-WT,37℃吸附1 h后用PBS洗2次,加入含2% 胎牛血清的DMEM繼續(xù)培養(yǎng),分別于感染后4 h、8 h、12 h、16 h、20 h、24 h、28 h、32 h和36 h收獲細(xì)胞上清,每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)設(shè)置3個(gè)重復(fù),測(cè)定病毒半數(shù)感染量(TCID50)并繪制病毒的一步生長(zhǎng)曲線。
將含有GETV SC483株全長(zhǎng)cDNA的重組質(zhì)粒pGETV-SC483轉(zhuǎn)染BHK-21細(xì)胞,轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h可觀察到明顯的CPE,72 h病變程度可達(dá)95%以上,病變細(xì)胞變圓、皺縮,呈現(xiàn)與親本病毒一致的病變形態(tài)。將細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物連續(xù)傳代,CPE出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間縮短,病變更加典型。對(duì)照細(xì)胞形態(tài)正常,輪廓清晰(圖2)。
將拯救病毒與親本病毒分別感染BHK-21細(xì)胞,用GETV E2蛋白多抗血清進(jìn)行IFA檢測(cè)。結(jié)果顯示,E2抗體與親本病毒和拯救病毒感染后的細(xì)胞都發(fā)生特異性反應(yīng),均可觀察到特異性熒光,而空白細(xì)胞不能與E2抗體發(fā)生特異性反應(yīng)(圖3)。
圖3 拯救病毒IFA鑒定
拯救病毒經(jīng)濃縮后進(jìn)行負(fù)染色,電鏡下可觀察到直徑約70 nm、有囊膜及明顯的纖突的病毒粒子存在,具有典型的GETV的形態(tài)學(xué)特征(圖 4)。
提取拯救病毒基因組RNA,用RT-PCR方法擴(kuò)增基因組B片段,膠回收后用I酶切。結(jié)果如圖5-A所示,拯救病毒的B片段不能夠被I切開(kāi),而親本病毒的B片段可被切成2段。對(duì)拯救病毒的B片段進(jìn)行測(cè)序分析,結(jié)果顯示拯救病毒含有人為引入的G4332A分子標(biāo)記(GCAGCCGC),消除了I酶切位點(diǎn)(圖5-B)。酶切和測(cè)序結(jié)果表明,拯救的病毒不是來(lái)自親本毒株的污染。
圖4 拯救病毒粒子電鏡觀察
拯救病毒感染BHK-21細(xì)胞后可形成明顯的蝕斑,且蝕斑形態(tài)大小與親本病毒相似(圖 6)。
為進(jìn)一步了解拯救病毒的生長(zhǎng)特性,將拯救病毒rSC483與親本病毒SC483-WT以MOI = 5的劑量感染BHK-21細(xì)胞,于不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)收集細(xì)胞上清,測(cè)定其TCID50,繪制拯救病毒和親本病毒的一步生長(zhǎng)曲線。結(jié)果顯示,拯救病毒與親本病毒具有相似的復(fù)制能力和生長(zhǎng)特性(圖7)。
將含有GETV SC483株基因組全長(zhǎng)cDNA的重組質(zhì)粒pGETV-SC483在大腸桿菌DH5α感受態(tài)細(xì)胞中連續(xù)傳代10次(P10),對(duì)P10代重組質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行全序列分析發(fā)現(xiàn),無(wú)任何堿基發(fā)生突變或缺失,這表明該重組質(zhì)粒在大腸桿菌中具有良好的穩(wěn)定性。另外,將P10代重組質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染BHK-21細(xì)胞,48 h后可觀察到明顯的CPE,表明病毒拯救成功。這些試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,GETV SC483株cDNA感染性克隆具有良好的遺傳穩(wěn)定性。
A:Not I酶切鑒定;B:測(cè)序鑒定。M:DNA分子量標(biāo)準(zhǔn);1:親本病毒RT-PCR產(chǎn)物;2:拯救病毒RT-PCR產(chǎn)物;3:親本病毒RT-PCR產(chǎn)物Not I酶切;4:拯救病毒RT-PCR產(chǎn)物Not I酶切
圖6 拯救病毒在BHK-21細(xì)胞上的蝕斑表型
圖7 拯救病毒在BHK-21細(xì)胞上的一步生長(zhǎng)曲線
GETV是一種人獸共患病病原。近年來(lái),GETV的流行呈上升趨勢(shì)[9,11,24,27-30]。豬群在自然界中被認(rèn)為是GETV的主要放大宿主,而我國(guó)又是養(yǎng)豬大國(guó),因此GETV對(duì)畜牧業(yè)的影響以及其潛在的公共衛(wèi)生威脅應(yīng)引起足夠重視。目前,關(guān)于GETV基因的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能以及其致病機(jī)理知之甚少。建立GETV的反向遺傳操作平臺(tái)可以在DNA水平上對(duì)其基因進(jìn)行修飾和改造,通過(guò)拯救病毒的表型變化來(lái)確定相應(yīng)基因的功能,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)GETV基因組的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能以及致病機(jī)制的深入理解,以應(yīng)對(duì)GETV對(duì)我國(guó)畜禽健康養(yǎng)殖和公共衛(wèi)生安全日益增長(zhǎng)的威脅。
RNA病毒反向遺傳技術(shù)實(shí)質(zhì)上就是將體外或體內(nèi)獲得的病毒基因組RNA導(dǎo)入易感細(xì)胞,模擬真實(shí)病毒感染,獲得完整的具有感染性病毒的過(guò)程[31]。轉(zhuǎn)錄本的真實(shí)性,尤其是其5′末端和3′末端核苷酸準(zhǔn)確性對(duì)病毒的拯救效率甚至成敗起著關(guān)鍵性作用[32]。REN等[26]將GETV基因組直接克隆到真核表達(dá)載體pBR322 CMV啟動(dòng)子下游,以BGH Poly(A)信號(hào)序列終止。該感染性克隆在靶細(xì)胞內(nèi)無(wú)法獲得精確的GETV基因組轉(zhuǎn)錄本,基因組的兩端均含有冗余序列,可能會(huì)影響病毒的拯救效率。WANG等[25]通過(guò)在GETV感染性cDNA克隆3′末端插入具有自我剪接能力的HdvRz核酶序列以獲得準(zhǔn)確的病毒3′末端轉(zhuǎn)錄本,但基因組5′末端仍含有冗余序列。本研究通過(guò)在病毒基因組的5′末端引入具有自我剪切功能的HamRz核酶,在病毒基因組的3′末端引入HdvRz核酶,從而能夠在靶細(xì)胞中獲得精確的GETV基因組全長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)錄本RNA,進(jìn)而有利于啟動(dòng)病毒的自我復(fù)制實(shí)現(xiàn)病毒的高效拯救。此外,感染性cDNA克隆的穩(wěn)定性也是影響病毒拯救的關(guān)鍵因素。本研究在構(gòu)建GETV SC483株感染性cDNA克隆的過(guò)程中使用低拷貝pOK12載體和慢速生長(zhǎng)的受體菌DH5α作為克隆菌株,將GETV SC483株感染性cDNA克隆在DH5α中連續(xù)傳代10次,沒(méi)有任何堿基發(fā)生突變,表明該感染性cDNA克隆具有良好的遺傳穩(wěn)定性。
本研究首次將HamRz和HdvRz核酶序列引入蓋塔病毒SC483株全基因組兩端,構(gòu)建了遺傳穩(wěn)定的蓋塔病毒感染性cDNA克隆pGETV-SC483,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了病毒的高效拯救。蓋塔病毒高效反向遺傳操作平臺(tái)的建立為深入研究該病毒基因組結(jié)構(gòu)與功能、致病機(jī)制以及開(kāi)發(fā)新型疫苗提供了技術(shù)支撐。
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Construction of Infectious cDNA Clone of GETV SC483 Strain
DU BingChen, WANG Ming, LIU ChunGuo, WANG ShiDa, WEI XinYu, LU YaMan, SUN ZhenZhao, LIU ZaiSi, WEI LiLi, WANG JingFei, YANG DeCheng
Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150069
【Background】Getah virus (GETV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus, and belongs to thegenus in thefamily. GETV has an extensive host range, which includes multiple mammals, such as pig, horse, cattle, fox and so on, although GETV is not known to cause disease in human. GETV infection often causes clinical symptoms, such as fever, urticarial rash, arthritis, reproductive disorders, and fetal death. GETV is widely prevalent in the world, and the prevalence in China is on the rise in recent years. In 2018, it suddenly broke out in many pig farms in southern China. The harm for livestock and poultry production and public health caused by GETV has got widespread attention. Currently, there is still no specific antiviral drug or vaccine against GETV. Due to the lack of research on GETV, its biological characteristics, pathogenicity, pathogenesis and epidemic properties are largely unknown.【Objective】The aim of this study was to develop a reverse genetics platform of GETV, which could provide a basis for investigating the structure and function of GETV genome, the genetic determinant of pathogenesis, and developing novel vaccine against the virus.【Method】The full-length genome of the GETV SC483 strain flanked by a hammerhead ribozyme (HamRz) and hepatitis delta ribozyme (HdvRz) sequence was chemically synthesized and cloned into a low-copy plasmid pOK12-CMV to generate the recombinant plasmid pGETV-SC483, which was transfected into BHK-21 cells to rescue the virus. Then, compared with the parental virus, the rescued-virus was serially passaged, identified, and analyzed for biological characteristics. The genetic stability of the recombinant plasmid pGETV-SC483 inwas also verified.【Result】The typical cell pathogenic effect (CPE) of GETV was observed in the cells after being transfected with the pGETV-SC483 for 48 h. The rescued GETV, namely rSC483, was successfully obtained, which had a G4332A mutation resulted in the deletion of aI restriction site to differentiate from the parental virus. The rescued virus was further verified by indirect immunofluorescence assay using GETV specific antibody as detection antibody and electron microscopic observation of virus particles. Furthermore, plaque phenotype and growth curve of the rescued virus were similar to that of its parental virus in BHK-21 cells. In addition, the infectious cloning plasmid pGETV-SC483 had good genetic stability inDH5α.【Conclusion】The successfully constructed full-length infectious cDNA clone of GETV SC483 strain provided a technical platform for the study of biological characteristics and pathogenesis of GETV as well as development of novel vaccine against GETV.
Getah virus; cDNA infectious clone; virus rescue; reverse genetics system
10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.17.019
2022-08-01;
2022-11-16
黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金(YQ2021C038)、動(dòng)物疫病防控全國(guó)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室自主研究課題(SKLVBP202121)
杜炳辰,E-mail:bingchendu@126.com。通信作者王靖飛,E-mail:wangjingfei@caas.cn。通信作者楊德成,E-mail:yangdecheng@caas.cn
(責(zé)任編輯 林鑒非)