事理闡釋類說明文讀寫指南

廣東 王慧琴

文體導(dǎo)讀

事理闡釋類說明文是一種以說明為主，闡明事理的概念、特點(diǎn)、演變、異同等的說明性文章。它著重于對(duì)客觀事物進(jìn)行介紹、解釋或分析，目的是幫助人們了解新的知識(shí)。此類文章通常以總分或總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行闡述。它在寫作手法上采用舉例子、做比較、分類別、析因果、列數(shù)字、做詮釋、打比方、下定義、列圖表、引用、假設(shè)、對(duì)比或類比等說明方法。此類語篇涉及科技、社會(huì)和文化生活等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。高考主要考查學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨以及理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力。

策略導(dǎo)航

（1）巧用彩色筆細(xì)品文章。借助彩色筆對(duì)文本中的不同部分做標(biāo)注。例如，用紫色筆標(biāo)注開頭句，用綠色筆標(biāo)注段落的主題句，用紅色筆標(biāo)注說明闡述的方法，用黃色筆標(biāo)注邏輯關(guān)系詞，用藍(lán)色筆標(biāo)注長(zhǎng)難句，等等。寫作時(shí)，根據(jù)標(biāo)注的情況，進(jìn)行仿寫。

（2）利用“PRSR 原則”構(gòu)建文本框架，搭建讀寫支架?！癙RSR 原則”是事理闡釋類說明文采用的一種寫作視角，P為Phenomenon（現(xiàn)象），R為Reason（原因），S為Solution（措施），R為Result（結(jié)果），但有的文章并未完全涵蓋PRSR四種要素。在閱讀事理闡釋類說明文時(shí)，利用“PRSR原則”有助于我們梳理文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系。在進(jìn)行事理闡釋類說明文寫作時(shí)，我們可以利用“PRSR 原則”對(duì)文章進(jìn)行布局，同時(shí)還要使用正確的時(shí)態(tài)和人稱。

___文________________________________________章結(jié)構(gòu)____Ope________ning Body_____E__________nding行文視角______________________________●Phenomenon：開篇點(diǎn)題，闡述說明現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)__________________________●Reasons：列舉原因√Reason 1√Reason 2√Reason 3√……●Solutions：解決措施√Solution 1√Solution 2√Solution 3__________________________________________________________________________________________________√……Result：結(jié)果怎樣，回應(yīng)開頭____________________________________________

素材導(dǎo)背

一、有關(guān)健康生活話題的高頻詞匯

benefit利益；好處

beneficial有好處的

comfortable舒服的；安逸的

uncomfortable不舒服的

harm傷害

necessary必需的；必要的

jog慢跑

yoga瑜伽

aerobics有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)

strengthen增強(qiáng)

strong強(qiáng)壯的

balance平衡；天平

fat脂肪；胖的；肥的

obesity肥胖；肥胖癥

slim苗條的

health健康；衛(wèi)生

energetic精力旺盛的

lifestyle生活方式

mental精神的；腦力的

physical 身體的；體力的

nutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)

habit習(xí)慣；習(xí)性

overweight太胖的；超重的

diet飲食

二、高頻短語

a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式

be in good health身體健康

be/go on a diet節(jié)食

put on/gain weight增加體重

cut down/lose weight減輕體重

be beneficial to/be good for/do good to對(duì)……有益

be harmful to/be bad for/do harm to 對(duì)……有害

be high/low in含……高/低

be rich in富含

build up one's body/strength 增強(qiáng)某人的體質(zhì)

develop a healthy eating habit 養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣

keep a balanced/healthy diet 保 持 均 衡/健康的飲食

have meals on time按時(shí)吃飯

be particular about food挑食

convenience food便利食品

fast food快餐

takeaway food外賣食品

junk food垃圾食品

eat snacks吃零食

take regular exercise定期鍛煉

案例導(dǎo)練

take an active part in physical exercise 積極參加體育鍛煉

keep fit/healthy/slim 保持健康/苗條

stay up熬夜

break down（身體）垮掉

physical and mental health 身心健康

三、高頻句式

1.As far as I'm concerned, we should develop a healthy eating habit to build up our strength.Only in this way can we have enough energy to study.我認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣來增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。只有這樣我們才能有足夠的精力學(xué)習(xí)。

2.The better eating habits we get into,the healthier our life will become.我們?cè)绞丘B(yǎng)成良好的飲食習(xí)慣，我們的生活就會(huì)變得越健康。

3.Not only does exercise improve our health but also it makes us cheerful and raises our learning efficiency.鍛煉不僅改善我們的健康狀況，而且使我們精神愉悅并提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。

4.Eating in a healthy way and exercising regularly are the key to keeping healthy.健康飲食和經(jīng)常運(yùn)動(dòng)是保持健康的關(guān)鍵。

Keep a healthy weight

The key to keeping a healthy weight is regular exercise and good eating habits.Some people think exercise and good eating habits require lots of effort or planning.But that's not true.In fact,the best way to work them into our lives is to make small changes.

Teens should get 60 minutes or more of physical activity a day.Note the word“activity”.As long as you're getting your body moving, it doesn't mean doing complicated exercises or hitting the gym every day.All that matters is that each week you get the right balance of activities, including aerobics (有 氧 運(yùn) 動(dòng)), strength building, and flexibility exercise.Make exercise a habit by arranging some time every day.

On days when you have soccer practice or an aerobics class, you may have no trouble exercising for an hour or more.But most of us are busy, and 60 minutes a day of exercise seems like a lot of time.The good news is that it's OK to divide it into shorter“exercise breaks”throughout the day.

Just as you might have a healthy snack to stop yourself from getting hungry, exercise snacks can keep energy levels high.So get up 15 minutes earlier and do some yoga or other stretching activities.Fast walk or jog for 15 minutes at lunch.Do the same thing after school—or walk or bike home.Add to that climbing the stairs, taking gym class, and walking between classes during the day,and you've probably reached your 60 minutes.

Eating well doesn't mean dieting over and over again.In fact, studies have shown that dieting often doesn't work.The best way to keep a healthy weight is to make healthy food choices daily.For some of us,that means changing our mindset about food.

Use your creativity to come up with ways to fit exercise and healthy eating habits into your life in a way that works for you.We're all different.Your best friend might prefer to schedule some gym time while you'd rather take your dog to the park.Knowing what's right for you will make it a lot easier to do!

一、閱讀自測(cè)

Gist 1.What is the main idea of paragraph 1?

A.The key to having regular exercise.

B.The key to forming good eating habits.

C.The key to keeping a healthy weight.

D.The key to making small changes.

Detail2.What is important for keeping 60 minutes a day of exercise?

A.Doing difficult exercises.

B.Going to the gym every day.

C.Keeping the body moving all the time.

D.Dividing it into shorter“exercise breaks”.

Vocabulary3.What does the underlined phrase“exercise snacks”probably mean in paragraph 4?

A.A new kind of exercise.

B.Shorter“exercise breaks”.

C.Food eaten before exercise.

D.Food eaten during exercise.

Inference4.What can we learn about eating well to keep a healthy weight?

A.Eating well indicates we should diet repeatedly.

B.Dieting helps us to keep a healthy weight.

C.To make healthy food choices daily often works well.

D.To change our attitude towards food is critical for all of us.

二、語言汲取

（一）有關(guān)健康生活話題的核心表達(dá)

1.健康的生活方式

keep a healthy weight 保持健康的體重

take regular exercise 定期運(yùn)動(dòng)

good eating habits好的飲食習(xí)慣

make small changes做一些小的改變

physical activity體育活動(dòng)

get your body moving 讓你的身體動(dòng)起來

do complicated exercises 做復(fù)雜的鍛煉

hit the gym去健身房

get up 15 minutes earlier 早起15分鐘

keep fit/keep healthy 保持健康

2.體育鍛煉

have soccer practice 進(jìn)行足球訓(xùn)練

have an aerobics class上有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)課

strength building力量訓(xùn)練

flexibility exercise 柔韌性訓(xùn)練

do some yoga 做瑜伽

do other stretching activities 做其他的拉伸運(yùn)動(dòng)

fast walk 快走

jogging 慢跑

climb the stairs 爬樓梯

take the gym class 上體育課

walk between classes 課間散步

3.健康飲食

diet日常飲食；節(jié)食

make healthy food choices選擇健康飲食

change our mindset about food 改變我們對(duì)食物的觀念

have a healthy snack吃健康的零食

get hungry 挨餓

4.其他

the key to……的關(guān)鍵

require lots of effort需要付出很多努力

mean doing 意味著……

as long as 只要

include 包括

divide into 把……分成

stop...from 阻止……做……

over and over again反復(fù)地

come up with 想出

fit...into 適合；使……相適應(yīng)

prefer to更喜歡

schedule 計(jì)劃；安排

（二）精彩表達(dá)

1.Eating well doesn't mean dieting over and over again.健康飲食并不意味著反復(fù)地節(jié)食。

Knowing what's right for you will make it a lot easier to do!知道什么是適合你的，將會(huì)讓它做起來更容易！

這兩個(gè)句子都是用非謂語動(dòng)詞V-ing形式作主語，句式簡(jiǎn)潔。

2.The good news is that it's OK to divide it into shorter“exercise breaks”throughout the day.好消息是，可以在全天把它分成更短的“鍛煉時(shí)間”。

本句中，that 引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，在表語從句中，it 作形式主語，to divide it into shorter“exercise breaks”throughout the day 是真正的主語，句子的主干為The good news is...。

3.As long as you're getting your body moving, it doesn't mean doing complicated exercises or hitting the gym every day.只要你的身體在運(yùn)動(dòng)，這并不意味著要做復(fù)雜的鍛煉或每天去健身房。

本句中，as long as 意為“只要”，引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)條件狀語從句；it doesn't mean doing complicated exercises or hitting the gym every day 為主句部分，mean doing 意為“意味著要做……”。

三、句式仿寫

1.運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉是塑造身材最簡(jiǎn)單、最便宜的方式。

_____________________________（exercise）is the easiest and cheapest way of shaping our figure.

2.好消息是，越來越多的人關(guān)注健康的生活方式。

_____________________________more and more people are concerned about the healthy lifestyle.

3.青少年只要定期鍛煉和保持良好的飲食習(xí)慣，就能保持健康的體重。

_____________________________,they will keep a healthy weight.

四、寫作實(shí)踐

隨著生活水平的提高，青少年的肥胖現(xiàn)象較為普遍，這引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。你校英語報(bào)正在進(jìn)行以“Keep a healthy weight”為主題的征文活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)，寫一篇征文。

1.加強(qiáng)鍛煉；

2.合理飲食。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3.至少需要使用兩個(gè)本文中解析過的句式。

Keep a healthy weight

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評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)思

A self-assessment checklist for my reading

1.閱讀本文前，我認(rèn)真了解了事理闡釋類說明文的文體知識(shí)?！鮕es □No

2.在閱讀過程中，我會(huì)用“PRSR原則”梳理文章?！鮕es □No

3.這篇文章用了________的說明方法?！跖e例子 □做比較 □下定義

4.讀完這篇文章后，我會(huì)嘗試著養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式?！鮕es □No

5.讀完這篇文章后，我會(huì)花費(fèi)________的時(shí)間來讀完一篇大約350詞的事理闡釋類說明文。

□5分鐘 □7 分鐘 □9 分鐘 □其他

6.本次讀寫活動(dòng)后，我會(huì)科學(xué)地管理體重，保持健康?！鮕es □No