Abstract

Oriental Historical and Cultural Traditions and the Choice of Chinese Path to Modernization

WANG Xuedian

The Chinese path to modernization is chosen based on China's national conditions. China today has a large population and it is difficult to govern. It has multi-ethnic groups living in their own communities and having their own history，language and culture. China is a country with a long history of 5，000 years. History and reality have proved that maintaining national unity and social stability with a strong central government is an inevitable prerequisite for realizing social modernization. Therefore，to realize modernization in China，Marxism must be adapted to Chinese conditions and China's excellent traditional culture must be modernized under the leadership of the Communist Party of China to organically combine Marxism and China’s excellent traditional culture，thus forming a brand-new theoretical system for Chinese modernization. China's excellent traditional culture is mainly represented by Confucianism. The Confucian concept of unified social order，its ideal pursuit of a well-off and harmonious society，and its sense of social responsibility for self-cultivation，family management and national governance，as well as the Confucian governance practice based on meritocracy and fairness，moral and economic theory and ambition to build the society for all can be regarded as the Confucian social governance theory，which is not only in line with the Marxist socialist governance theory，but also in line with the modern social governance practice in China. Therefore，the ideological theory circles and academia as a whole should work together to construct a well-functioning theoretical system for Chinese modernization，in order to achieve a stable and far-reaching modernization in China.

Three Dimensions of the New Form of Human Civilization’s Historical Transcendence

ZHANG Chao， LI Zhiqiang

The new form of human civilization is the historical outcome of the development of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of our times. It is also the inevitable result of the dialectical unity of theory and practice of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era. From the critical construction perspective of Marxism，the positive construction of the new form of human civilization is the critical development of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era and a historical transcendence of former types of civilization，particularly capitalist civilization. This historical transcendence is manifested in three dimensions：ideology，culture，and realistic path. In the dimension of ideology，Socialism with Chinese Characteristics inherits from scientific socialism in its historical transcendence over capitalism. In the dimension of culture，the advanced culture of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics transcends traditional Chinese culture. In the dimension of realistic path，the new road of Chinese modernization transcends the traditional process of capital modernization in the West. Only through historical transcendence in these three dimensions can the new form of human civilization be generated organically. This also highlights the inherent and necessary connections between the new form of human civilization，Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era，the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation，and the Chinese path to modernization.

Justification and Significance of “Great Unity of Chinese Men and Women”

WU Jie， YE Changyou

To study the “great unity of Chinese men and women” as a topic of our time is not only the outcome of century-long historical experience of the Communist Party of China，but also the historical enlightenment of the continuous Chinese civilization. It also meets the need to cope with various risks and challenges and to realize the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation at this major historical juncture. “Strengthening the great unity of Chinese men and women” is induced from experience and must be followed for a long time. It is a theoretical issue and requires logical clarification and justification from the perspective of Marxist theory. “Strengthening the great unity of Chinese men and women” concerns the development of the Chinese nation. It is thus a historical issue and we must explain its mechanism with bases from the 5，000-year Chinese history. The purpose of “strengthening the great unity of Chinese men and women” is to keep the Chinese nation and spirit alive from generation to generation，so that we can gather great strength，overcome all challenges and better meet the future. Therefore it is also a practical issue.

The Establishment of Scholars’ Document Collation Literature during the Period between the Han and the Wei Dynasties

ZHANG Zhenlong

The period spanning from Emperor He of the Eastern Han Dynasty to Emperor Ming of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period marked a significant period of social transformation in our history. During this time，literary writing by scholars also underwent new developments，with document collation becoming one of the main focuses of scholarly writing. This marked the establishment of document collation literature as a distinct genre in the ancient literary landscape and the history of its development. This development was evident not only in the fact that document collation had become an independent subject of literary writing for scholars，with numerous literary works focusing mainly on this topic and renowned writers producing works on document collation，but also in the increased awareness among scholars of its importance as a subject for their literary writing.As a result，this period marked a qualitative shift，and scholars began to enter a new stage of consciousness.

Seeking Reality from Virtuality：Analysis of Zhang Zai's Philosophy of Cheng（誠(chéng)）

LIU Qianyang

Cheng（誠(chéng)） is the core concept in Zhang Zai’s philosophy of the Heaven-and-man combination. Cheng is the reality of Emptiness and the reality of Emptiness lies in Qi. From the perspective of heaven，the Cheng of the heaven relies on Emptiness，which is real because it is the essence of Qi. Everything is real and endless owing to the Cheng of Emptiness.Although Emptiness has the name of virtuality，Reality is its nature. Zhang Zai used the Reality of Emptiness to fight against the nothingness of Buddhism and Taoism. From the perspective of humanism，Emptiness is the principle of value.Human beings should uphold the Cheng nature and realize the nature of heaven-earth on the basis of recognizing the unity of nature-heaven. The Cheng of effort depends on practice. Zhang Zai advocated that the spirit of Cheng should be embodied in the practice of etiquette and filial piety. The authenticity of the real world and the legitimacy of Confucian values are explained in Zhang Zai's interpretation of Cheng.

Modernization of Governance System and Capacity for Work on Retired Servicemen Since Reform and Opening up

WANG Zhong， HOU Aiping

Over the past 45 years since the initiation of reform and opening up，the modernization of the governance system and capacity for work on retired servicemen has undergone two distinct stages：the first stage involved positioning relevant service work as “getting better，” while the second stage focuses on “getting stronger.” From the onset of the reform and opening up until the New Era，the modernization of the governance system and capacity for work on retired servicemen was gradually geared towards “getting better.” However，since the advent of the New Era，the emphasis has shifted to“getting stronger”. The development trajectory，historical accomplishments，and essential experience gained during these two stages are valuable assets that can be utilized to further the progress of work on retired servicemen，helping to build upon past achievements and continue advancing forward.

Practice and Significance of the Independent-employment Resettlement System for Demobilized Military Cadres

GUAN Dian’an， WANG Yangchun

In 2001，China began to implement the resettlement system for demobilized military cadres combining planned assignment with independent-employment，breaking the 50-year-long model of planned resettlement for demobilized military cadres. During the 20 years from its official launch in 2001 to its suspension in 2020，the model experienced three stages：the initial establishment and formation of the system from 2001 to 2003，the adjustment and exploration of the system from 2004 to 2017，and the optimization and maturity of the system from 2018 to 2020. Its service assurance system and relevant policies and regulations had been gradually improved during these stages，accumulating rich experience for exploring the resettlement system for demobilized servicemen with Chinese characteristics and characteristics of the times. Therefore，to sort out the development process and summarize the practical experience of the resettlement of demobilized military cadres with independent-employment can offer important references for the management and service of demobilized military cadres with independent-employment and the further exploration of new resettlement systems.

The Formation，Reality，and Governance of “Favela”：the Case of Salvador de Bahia，Brazil

ZHANG Yixuan， TIAN Feng

For a considerable amount of time，Salvador，the capital of Bahia State in Brazil，has grappled with notable economic and social inequality. The resulting stratification has led to social segregation within urban spaces，giving rise to numerous“Favelas” throughout the city. A host of conflicts stemming from poverty，unemployment，public health concerns，drug trafficking，violent crime，and spatial segregation measures have exacerbated tensions，resulting in frequent social movements marked by confrontations. To address these challenges，the municipal government has attempted to eradicate “Favelas” by implementing Urban Reform policies. However，the structural contradictions inherent in the region’s social development have yet to be fundamentally resolved，while external housing policies have largely ignored economic production links，cultural backgrounds，and the rights of vulnerable groups. These factors have contributed to the long-term failure of such policies.

Research on ARMAX-GARCHX Exchange Rate Model Based on Gold Parity

YANG Nan， FANG Xi

Exchange rate is one of the most important factors affecting gold prices. The impact of exchange rate on gold price has been widely studied. However，since gold has both commodity and currency properties，the impact of gold price on exchange rate also deserves attention. In this paper，the ratio of the prices of “Shanghai gold” denominated in RMB to that of “London gold” denominated in USD as the gold parity RMB exchange rate is studied，and its impact on USD/RMB onshore exchange rate is discussed. Taking gold parity as an external variable，the ARMAX-GARCHX model of RMB onshore exchange rate is established，and the impact of gold parity on exchange rate is quantitatively confirmed by the accuracy improvement of exchange rate yield distribution prediction through Kupiec test. Empirical analysis is carried out on the daily frequency data from April 2016 to March 2022 and results show that gold parity is also one of the factors affecting the trend of exchange rate，which has important reference value for financial risk prevention in the process of exchange rate marketization and RMB internationalization，and for the daily exchange rate risk management of enterprises.

The Impact of Property Tax Reform on Urban Household Consumption Expenditure：Evidence from the 2011 Property Tax Reform Pilot

QU Yishen， ZANG Xuheng， LI Qingyang

Using the pilot property tax reform implemented in Shanghai and Chongqing in 2011 as a quasi-natural experiment，the impact and channels of property tax reform on urban household consumption expenditure are empirically analyzed using the difference-in-difference method based on CFPS household data. The study finds that，in general，the pilot property tax reform policy has a significant negative impact on urban household consumption expenditure，and this inhibitory effect is heterogeneous across pilot cities and households with different numbers of housing asset holdings；the property tax reform inhibits urban household consumption expenditure mainly through the income effect，precautionary savings effect and negative wealth effect. The findings of the study are of reference value for the future promotion of property tax and the enhancement of household consumption.

The Influence of Government Innovation Subsidies on Innovation Drive of New Energy Enterprises：Based on the Moderating Effect of Innovation Environment

LI Jingjing， ZHANG Shiqiang， WANG Yisu

Government subsidy has always been one of the important means for government to encourage enterprises to innovate.The new energy enterprise is the key body of the “carbon peak and carbon neutralization” governance. In order to drive the innovative development of new energy enterprises，the government provides incentives through certain innovation subsidies. How the government’s innovation subsidies play their role has always been a hot issue of social concern. Based on the innovation environment of enterprises，this paper takes listed companies in the new energy industry as samples，and uses the multiple regression method to explore the influence of government innovation subsidies on the innovation drive of new energy enterprises from the two aspects of innovation input and dual innovation. The results show that：（1） Government innovation subsidies have a positive effect on the innovation drive of Chinese new energy enterprises.Relatively speaking，government innovation subsidies have a more significant incentive effect on the innovation input of non-state-owned enterprises，and a more obvious incentive effect on the dual innovation of state-owned enterprises；（2） A good innovation environment can strengthen the incentive effect of government innovation subsidies on the innovation drive of new energy enterprises. Non-technology new energy enterprises are more sensitive to the regulatory effect of innovation environment. Innovation environment has a significant positive regulatory effect on the innovation input of non-state-owned new energy enterprises and the dual innovation drive of state-owned enterprises. （3） Compared with exploratory innovation，government innovation subsidies have more significant incentives for exploitative innovation of new energy enterprises，and the regulatory effect of innovation environment is more sensitive.

A Study on the Employment Status and Influencing Factors of the Floating Young Senior Population in China

SONG Quancheng， YIN Kang

This study utilizes dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in China to construct a binary logistic regression model and comprehensively analyze the impact of personal，health-related，economic，social，and migration factors on the employment status of the floating young senior population in both rural-urban and urban-urban settings. The findings reveal that，despite generally good health conditions，the floating young senior population experience low employment rates，particularly among the urban-urban segment. Additionally，employment is predominantly concentrated in the tertiary industry. Education level，health status，and population type are identified as key factors influencing their employment prospects. In light of these findings，it is recommended that the government promptly introduce social support policies targeting the employment of the young senior population，with particular focus on the floating segment.Encouraging enterprises and institutions in the primary and secondary sectors to employ young seniors with professional expertise，thereby facilitating sustained employment opportunities，especially for the urban-urban floating young senior population，is crucial for enhancing the social contributions made by this demographic group. Furthermore，ongoing efforts to improve the education level and professional skills of the floating young senior population，especially those from ruralurban backgrounds，are essential in laying a solid foundation for their employment prospects.

A Study on the Influence of Left-behind Experience on University Students' Health from the Perspective of Life Course

ZHANG Zhenyu

This study applies life course theory to analyze the impact of left-behind experiences and different initial stages of leftbehind on university students’ physical health，mental health，and mental illness，using data from the 2019 Panel Study of Chinese University Students （PSCUS）. An ordinal logistic model is employed to explore these relationships. The findings indicate that left-behind experience has a significant negative effect on university students’ health，and the different stages of left-behind have an “early to late stage effect” on university students’ health. These conclusions have important implications for promoting university students’ health. Specifically，interventions and support should focus on the “critical period” and “special stage” to build and enhance early warning and intervention mechanisms for psychological problems during students’ development.

The Legal Basis，Legal Challenges and Legal Measures of Negotiated Rulemaking

ZHANG Shufang， ZHONG Yangmin

The cases and events of Negotiated Rulemaking in China’s administrative law practice indicate the emergence of consultative administrative rulemaking. This paper provides a legal analysis of Negotiated Rulemaking from the perspective of Habermas’ legal negotiation theory. The legal practice of Negotiated Rulemaking is based on the theory of communicative action and the principle of communicative rationality. However，there are several legal challenges in this process，such as an imbalance of participant roles and status，poor communication between participants，a lack of procedural legitimacy and rationality in the formulation process，and the practical difficulty of achieving a comprehensive agreement among all stakeholders. To address the legal challenges of Negotiated Rulemaking，the focus should be on negotiation as a mechanism for coordinating facts and norms. Attention should also be given to the qualifications of the negotiation participants and the dual mission of Negotiated Rulemaking as a legal medium. Additionally，adherence to the legitimacy and fairness of the Negotiated Rulemaking process is critical.

Mode Selection for Electronic Data Authentication in the Digital Age

LI Ge

In the era of Big Data，electronic evidence is widely used，making authentication crucial to ensure its authenticity. There are two modes of electronic evidence authentication：external authentication and self-authentication. However，the external authentication mode has a significant drawback that leads to high litigation costs，while the self-authentication mode does not.The growing maturity of blockchain technology provides technical support for the self-authentication mode of electronic evidence. Currently，there is no systematic set of rules for electronic evidence authentication in China. The distribution of external authentication rules is scattered and unsystematic，and self-authentication rules are relatively absent. To ensure the admissibility of electronic evidence in criminal proceedings，China's legislation should refine the existing external authentication rules and increase provisions for self-authentication to improve the electronic evidence authentication system.