人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟專題序言
——人工智能賦能數(shù)字經(jīng)濟，共創(chuàng)未來無限可能

于非，何玉林，賀穎

1）人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟廣東省實驗室（深圳），廣東 深圳 518107；2）深圳大學計算機與軟件學院，廣東 深圳 518060

1 人工智能時代

在人工智能產(chǎn)業(yè)化浪潮席卷全球的今天，越來越多的企業(yè)開始采用人工智能解決方案來替代傳統(tǒng)的人力資源工作，據(jù)中國國際發(fā)展知識中心2022年發(fā)布的《全球發(fā)展報告》預測，2020—2025 年全球約8 500 萬個工作崗位將被機器替代.該趨勢不僅會帶來生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)效率的提高，還會對整個社會的變革帶來深刻影響.從2012 年“谷歌貓”的轟動全球到2016 年AlphaGo 的橫空出世，從2017 年世界首位被授予公民身份的機器人，再到如今火爆的語言模型ChatGPT（chat generative pretrained transformer），每一次人工智能技術的革新必然會促進產(chǎn)業(yè)的轉型與升級，對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進步帶來巨大影響.

人工智能已成為國家綜合實力的一部分，人工智能技術越發(fā)達，國家在世界就越有競爭力.中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八次全國代表大會以來，面對新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革形勢，黨中央和國務院高瞻遠矚、審時度勢，制定和實施了人工智能發(fā)展國家戰(zhàn)略，從國家層面對人工智能發(fā)展進行了統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃和頂層設計.

2017-07-08，國務院印發(fā)《新一代人工智能發(fā)展規(guī)劃》（以下簡稱“人工智能規(guī)劃”），指出人工智能發(fā)展進入新階段，將成為國際競爭的新焦點和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的新引擎，并帶來社會建設的新機遇，進而提出到2020 年人工智能產(chǎn)業(yè)成為新的重要經(jīng)濟增長點，到2025 年人工智能成為帶動國家產(chǎn)業(yè)升級和經(jīng)濟轉型的主要動力，到2030 年智能經(jīng)濟、智能社會取得明顯成效，躋身創(chuàng)新型國家前列和經(jīng)濟強國的3步走戰(zhàn)略目標.該規(guī)劃明確了發(fā)展人工智能的重點任務之一就是培育高端且高效的智能經(jīng)濟.

“人工智能規(guī)劃”對人工智能的發(fā)展方向做出了明確指引，即以人工智能為代表的新一代信息技術，將成為中國“十四五”期間推動經(jīng)濟高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的重要技術保障和核心驅(qū)動力之一.歸根結底，人工智能要為中國經(jīng)濟的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展服務，尤其是要成為數(shù)字經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要驅(qū)動引擎.

2 數(shù)字經(jīng)濟未來

2021-12-12，國務院印發(fā)《“十四五”數(shù)字經(jīng)濟發(fā)展規(guī)劃》，指出數(shù)字經(jīng)濟是繼農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟和工業(yè)經(jīng)濟后的主要經(jīng)濟形態(tài)，是以數(shù)據(jù)資源為關鍵要素，以現(xiàn)代信息網(wǎng)絡為主要載體，以信息通信技術融合應用、全要素數(shù)字化轉型為重要推動力，促進公平與效率更加統(tǒng)一的新經(jīng)濟形態(tài)，提出“到2025年，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟邁向全面擴展期，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟核心產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（gross domestic product，GDP）10%，數(shù)字化創(chuàng)新引領發(fā)展能力大幅提升，智能化水平明顯增強，數(shù)字技術與實體經(jīng)濟融合取得顯著成效”的發(fā)展目標.

中國國家統(tǒng)計局發(fā)布的《數(shù)字經(jīng)濟及其核心產(chǎn)業(yè)統(tǒng)計分類（2021）》對數(shù)字經(jīng)濟做了一個基本界定，將數(shù)字經(jīng)濟分為兩部分：一是數(shù)字產(chǎn)業(yè)化，即數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的核心產(chǎn)業(yè)，包括數(shù)字產(chǎn)品制造、數(shù)字產(chǎn)品服務、數(shù)字技術應用和數(shù)字要素驅(qū)動；另一是產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)字化，即數(shù)字化效率提升業(yè)，涵蓋智慧農(nóng)業(yè)、智能制造、智能交通、智慧物流、數(shù)字金融、數(shù)字商貿(mào)、數(shù)字社會和數(shù)字政府等數(shù)字化應用場景.

在習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想指引下，中國數(shù)字經(jīng)濟發(fā)展態(tài)勢良好.2017 年12 月，麥肯錫“中國數(shù)字經(jīng)濟報告”顯示，中國在多個數(shù)字經(jīng)濟領域的風險投資規(guī)模均位列全球前3，包括虛擬現(xiàn)實、自動駕駛、3D 打印、機器人、無人機和人工智能等.聯(lián)合國《2019 年數(shù)字經(jīng)濟報告》指出，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的經(jīng)濟地理未顯示出傳統(tǒng)的南北鴻溝，一直由美國和中國共同領導.中國數(shù)字經(jīng)濟規(guī)模持續(xù)增長，到2020年已達到39.2萬億元人民幣，增速全球第1.預計到2025年，中國數(shù)字經(jīng)濟規(guī)模將突破60萬億元人民幣，占GDP總值的50%左右.目前，中國正在大力發(fā)展數(shù)字經(jīng)濟，推動社會經(jīng)濟數(shù)字化轉型.實施國家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略，建設數(shù)字中國，發(fā)展數(shù)字經(jīng)濟是新時代的必然選擇.

3 人工智能賦能數(shù)字經(jīng)濟

人工智能助力數(shù)字經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的關鍵在于人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟全要素的高效融合.當前，對于數(shù)字經(jīng)濟要素的界定，學術界和產(chǎn)業(yè)界尚未達成共識，在此，我們總結了不同的數(shù)字經(jīng)濟要素界定以供大家參考.

3 要素：數(shù)字內(nèi)容、數(shù)字智能、數(shù)字產(chǎn)業(yè)（或為數(shù)據(jù)資源、基礎設施、信息技術）；

4 要素：數(shù)字價值、數(shù)字機構、數(shù)字技術、數(shù)字制度；

5要素：人工智能、數(shù)據(jù)、數(shù)字基礎、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、供給需求；

6 要素：數(shù)字技術、網(wǎng)絡基礎、信息通信技術產(chǎn)業(yè)、數(shù)據(jù)價值、轉型融合、治理體系.

盡管上述對數(shù)字經(jīng)濟要素的界定不盡相同，但數(shù)據(jù)基礎、數(shù)字技術與基礎設施是公認的數(shù)字經(jīng)濟要素點.

中國信息通信研究院發(fā)布的《全球人工智能戰(zhàn)略與政策觀察（2020）》認為，人工智能以“高質(zhì)量網(wǎng)絡”為關鍵支撐，以“數(shù)據(jù)資源、算法框架、算力資源”為核心能力要素.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的主要要素點與人工智能的核心要素相互對應且高度契合，表現(xiàn)在：

1）數(shù)據(jù)基礎.高性能人工智能算法的訓練需要大數(shù)據(jù)支持，而數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的主要生產(chǎn)資料正是不斷產(chǎn)生的大規(guī)模產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù).以大數(shù)據(jù)為媒介，人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟將圍繞數(shù)據(jù)高效運用進行深度融合.

2）算法推手.利用高效的機器學習算法挖掘巨量數(shù)據(jù)中潛藏的學術價值和產(chǎn)業(yè)價值是人工智能和數(shù)字經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的共通點，人工智能因此而生，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟因此而存.先進的人工智能技術會將數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的動能注入實體經(jīng)濟，推動實體經(jīng)濟的資源優(yōu)化配置和結構升級調(diào)整，進而從規(guī)模橫向和業(yè)態(tài)縱向兩個維度完善數(shù)字經(jīng)濟.

3）算力底座.數(shù)字經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)業(yè)中的數(shù)字產(chǎn)品制造業(yè)包含計算機制造、智能設備制造、電子元器件及設備制造等正是超級算力的提供者.人工智能是數(shù)字產(chǎn)業(yè)化的助推器，使得數(shù)字經(jīng)濟空間發(fā)展格局逐漸清晰，戰(zhàn)略新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展更加聚焦，特色產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢更為凸顯.

為響應國家加快推進人工智能戰(zhàn)略和數(shù)字經(jīng)濟戰(zhàn)略的部署，《深圳大學學報（理工版）》聯(lián)合人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟廣東省實驗室（深圳）（以下簡稱光明實驗室）成立“人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟”專題委員會，組織篩選了一批優(yōu)秀稿件并在未來幾期陸續(xù)出版，且未來長期面向?qū)W術界、產(chǎn)業(yè)界和政府征集高質(zhì)量的學術論文.我們希望通過這個專題為讀者提供一個全面了解人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟相互作用的平臺.

當前，以新一代人工智能技術驅(qū)動的數(shù)字經(jīng)濟正在成為深圳高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的新引擎，2021年深圳數(shù)字經(jīng)濟核心產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值突破9 000 億元人民幣，占全市GDP比重30.5%，規(guī)模和質(zhì)量在全國大中城市首位.在深圳市新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革的時代背景下，光明實驗室應運而生.作為人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟領域的重大創(chuàng)新載體，光明實驗室是廣東省政府批準籌建的第3批廣東省實驗室之一，是深圳市承建的4個廣東省實驗室之一.光明實驗室面向人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的重大戰(zhàn)略需求，由廣東省政府統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃及頂層設計，深圳市政府主導建設、運營與管理，深圳大學作為牽頭建設單位.光明實驗室整合了深圳大學計算機與軟件學院、建筑與城市規(guī)劃學院、物理與光電工程學院等，以及上下游相關企業(yè)力量，面向世界人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的前沿理論和未來技術發(fā)展趨勢，瞄準國家重大發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和需求，依托中國深圳地區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢、地緣優(yōu)勢和政策優(yōu)勢，致力于聚集全球研究力量，重點突破人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟相關的基礎理論、核心算法與器件、關鍵系統(tǒng)與重大裝備、產(chǎn)業(yè)化應用示范，產(chǎn)生具有原始創(chuàng)新和自主知識產(chǎn)權的重大科研創(chuàng)新成果，服務于大灣區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，建造創(chuàng)新人才聚集和培養(yǎng)的基地.

我們堅信，在學術界、產(chǎn)業(yè)界和政府的共同努力下，人工智能將會為數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的繁榮發(fā)展注入更多活力.在這個充滿無限可能的時代，我們將共同見證人工智能帶來的驚人變革.通過深入研究與實踐，共同拓展人工智能在數(shù)字經(jīng)濟中的應用領域，推動科技創(chuàng)新、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級和社會進步.同時，我們也要關注人工智能發(fā)展中可能出現(xiàn)的問題，如數(shù)據(jù)安全、隱私保護和數(shù)字鴻溝等，并采取措施減輕這些問題對社會的負面影響.我們希望通過這個專題，激發(fā)學術界、產(chǎn)業(yè)界和政府之間的對話與合作，共同推動人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的研究和實踐.讓我們共同探索這個充滿挑戰(zhàn)與機遇的領域，迎接一個更加美好的未來.

最后，感謝所有參與此專題的作者，以及為本專題付出辛勤努力的編輯、審稿人和工作人員.正是因為他們的智慧和貢獻，才使得這個專題成為一個值得期待的重要成果.敬請各位讀者品味這份關于“人工智能與數(shù)字經(jīng)濟”的研究盛宴，期待在這個過程中，您能獲得啟發(fā)、共鳴和思考.

Editorial of special issue on artificial intelligence and digital economy

YU Fei1,2, HE Yulin1, and HE Ying2

1) Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong Province, P.R.China

2) College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R.China

Key words:artificial intelligence; digital economy; digital industrialization; industrial digitization; intelligent economy;big data

1 The artificial intelligence age

Nowadays, due to the vigorous development of artificial intelligence, more and more enterprises are adopting artificial intelligence solutions to replace traditional human workforce.According to the "Global development report" of the Center for International Knowledge on Development, approximately 85 million jobs worldwide will be replaced by intelligent machines from 2020 to 2025.This trend will not only bring about improvements in productivity and efficiency, but also transform the entire society.From the introduction of Google Cat in 2012 to the emergence of AlphaGo in 2016, from the world's first robot granted citizenship in 2017 to the popular ChatGPT (chat generative pretrained transformer) language model, every innovation in artificial intelligence technology will inevitably lead to transformation and upgrades in the industry, which will eventually have a huge impact on economic development and social progress.

Artificial intelligence has become a key element to measure a country's comprehensive strength, and the more advanced artificial intelligence technology is, the more competitive a country will be in the world.Artificial intelligence will continuously support the intelligent, digital, and information-based development of industries, which is conducive to breaking down information barriers, facilitating information sharing among various industries, and promoting coordinated development of various industries.Nowadays, generative artificial intelligence techniques such as ChatGPT are leading a new wave of technological innovation.We are in an era of information and intelligence explosion, with a large amount of information and intelligence spreading globally at an unprecedented speed.Through artificial intelligence technology, enterprises and institutions can better understand consumer needs,obtain better market positioning, and provide better services.From agriculture, manufacturing to finance,healthcare and other fields, artificial intelligence is bringing revolutionary changes to our lives and work.

2 The future of the digital economy

On December 12, 2021, the State Council issued"The 14th Five Year Plan" for the development of the digital economy.The plan stated that the digital economy is the new dominant economic form after the agricultural and industrial economies.It has data resources as key elements, modern information networks as the main carrier, integrated application of information and communication technologies, and all factor digital transformation as the important driving force to promote more fairness and efficiency.The plan set the development goals for the digital economy by 2025 as follows: to significantly improve the digital innovation capability and intelligence level, and to achieve remarkable results in the integration of digital technology and the real economy.

In the "Statistical classification of digital economy and its core industries (2021)" released by the National Bureau of Statistics on June 20, 2022, a basic definition of the digital economy was given.It divided the digital economy into two aspects.One is digital industrialization, which is the core industry of the digital economy,including digital product manufacturing, digital product services, digital technology applications, etc.The other is industrial digitization, which refers to improving the digital efficiency of the industry, covering digital application scenarios such as smart agriculture, intelligent manufacturing, intelligent transportation, smart logistics, digital finance, digital commerce, digital society,and digital government.Currently, China is actively developing the digital economy and advancing the digital transformation of social economy.Implementing the national big data strategy, building a digital China, and developing the digital economy are inevitable choices in the new era.

3 Artificial intelligence empowers the digital economy

The key to artificial intelligence enabling the development of the digital economy is the effective integration of all elements of artificial intelligence with the digital economy.Although there is no consensus on what constitutes the elements of the digital economy and its data infrastructure, the digital technology and infrastructure are widely recognized as the key elements of the digital economy.The report "Global artificial intelligence strategy and policy observation(2020)" released by the China Academy of Information and Communication Technology believes that data resources, algorithmic frameworks, and computing power are the core elements of artificial intelligence.We have found that the main elements of the digital economy highly align with the core elements of artificial intelligence.

1) Using big data as a medium, artificial intelligence and digital economy will be deeply integrated around the efficient use of data.

2) Advanced artificial intelligence technology will serve as a driving force to push the digital economy into the real economy.

3) Artificial intelligence will boost digital industrialization and gradually help clarifying the development pattern of the digital economy.

In response to the national strategies for artificial intelligence and digital economy, Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering in conjunction with Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ) (hereinafter referred to as Guangming Laboratory) established a special committee on "Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy" to organize and screen a batch of excellent manuscripts, which will be published in the next few issues.In the future, the special committee will call for the high-quality academic papers from academia,industry and the government for a long time.We hope that this special committee can provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between artificial intelligence and the digital economy.

Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ) is one of the third batch of Guangdong provincial laboratories approved by the provincial government and has been established as a public institution with the approval of the Shenzhen Municipal Government.Guangming laboratory is planned and designed by the Guangdong Provincial Government at the top level to face the major strategic needs of artificial intelligence and the digital economy.Shenzhen University is the leading construction unit of Guangming Laboratory, which has integrated the College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,School of Architecture & Urban Planning, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, as well as the upstream and downstream related enterprise forces.Facing the cutting-edge theories and future technological development trends of artificial intelligence and the digital economy in the world.Guangming Laboratory aims at acting in response to the major national development strategies and needs by relying on the industrial, geographical, and policy advantages of Shenzhen.Focusing on breaking through the basic theories, core algorithms and devices, key systems and major equipment, and industrial application demonstrations related to artificial intelligence and the digital economy, Guangming Laboratory will produce a series of significantly scientific researches and innovations, serve the economic development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and build a base for gathering and cultivating the innovative talents.

We firmly believe that with the joint efforts of academia, industry, and the government, artificial intelligence will inject more vitality into the prosperity and development of the digital economy.In this era with infinite possibilities, we will collectively witness the astonishing changes brought to us by artificial intelligence.Through in-depth research and practice,we will continuously expand the application fields of artificial intelligence in the digital economy, promote technological innovation, industrial upgrades, and social progress.At the same time, we should also pay attention to potential issues that may arise in the development of artificial intelligence, such as data security, privacy protection, and the digital divide, and take measures to mitigate the negative impact of these issues on society.We hope to stimulate dialogue and cooperation among academia, industry, and the government through this special issue, and jointly promote the research and practice of artificial intelligence and the digital economy.

Finally, we would like to thank all the authors who participated in this special issue, as well as the editors,reviewers, and staff who have worked hard for this special issue.We hope that this special issue will be enlightening and helpful to researchers working on artificial intelligence and the digital economy.