Module 5 Cloning

詞匯短語園地

1. terrify? ?v.? ?使驚恐，使受驚嚇

The thunderstorm terrified the child.

雷雨把那個小孩嚇壞了。

His terrifying stories terrified these girls.

他講的恐怖故事嚇壞了這些女孩子。

2. refuse? ?v.? ?拒絕，回絕

We asked him to come， but he refused.

我們叫他來，可是他拒絕了。

refuse to do sth? ?拒絕做某事

He refused to come to the meeting.

他拒絕來參加會議。

3. fear? ?n.? ?害怕，恐懼

（1）當fear作名詞意為“恐懼”時，多為不可數(shù)名詞。

His voice shook with fear.

他害怕得聲音發(fā)抖。

（2）當fear作名詞意為“憂慮；擔(dān)心的事”時，為可數(shù)名詞。

There is no reason for your fears.

你沒有理由擔(dān)心。

for fear of? ?（由于怕）以防……

in fear of? ?擔(dān)心/害怕……

4. cure? ?v.? ?治愈，治好（病人或動物）；治

好（疾?。?/p>

Penicillin cured him of pneumonia.

青霉素治愈了他的肺炎。

比較：cure和heal的區(qū)別

（1）cure一般用于疾病方面的治愈；除了人或動物的疾病，cure也可用于其他能夠“出毛病”的事或物。

TB is a serious illness， but it can be cured.

肺結(jié)核雖然是一種嚴重的疾病，但是可以治愈。

（2）heal也表示“治愈，復(fù)原”之意，但多半用在外傷傷口的治愈；heal也用在精神上的“醫(yī)治”。

Time heals all sorrows.

時間可以治愈一切憂傷。

5. resist? ?v.? ?抵抗，反抗；抗拒；忍耐，忍住

（1）resist表示“抵抗，反抗；抗拒”時，既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。

If the enemy continues to resist， wipe them out.

如果敵人繼續(xù)抵抗，就把他們消滅掉。

（2）resist表示“抵擋；保持原狀；不受……傷害；抗酸，耐熱”等時，為及物動詞，后面通常接名詞或動詞-ing形式作賓語。

The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.

銀行強烈反對降低利率。

（3）resist表示“忍耐，忍受”時，作及物動詞，常用于否定句，可接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式；也可作不及物動詞。

I couldn’t resist telling him the secret.

我克制不住，只得把秘密告訴了他。

6. accompany? ?v.? ?陪伴，陪同；附有；伴奏

Who will accompany you to the airport？

誰將陪你去機場？

The well-known singer was accompanied at the electronic organ by his primary school teacher.

那位著名歌唱家的小學(xué)老師用電子風(fēng)琴為他伴奏。

7. absorb? ?v.? ?吸收（液體、氣體、光、聲等）；

汲取，理解（知識等）；使全

神貫注；經(jīng)受

Cotton gloves absorb sweat.

棉手套吸汗。

So many good ideas！ It’s too much for me to absorb all at once.

這么多好主意！太多了，我很難一下子完全吸收。

The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.

老人全神貫注地讀這本書。

8. arise? ?v.? ?（問題、困難等）發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；

升起，上升

Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.

在他們進行實驗的過程中，出現(xiàn)了意想不到的困難。

A heavy mist arose from the lake.

湖面起了濃霧。

9. burn out? ?（火）燃盡；燒掉（家、店、

財產(chǎn)等）；燒壞（電燈泡、電器）；（怒

氣等）消失；筋疲力盡

The fire had burnt （itself） out before the fire engines arrived.

消防車到達之前火就熄滅了。

You’ll burn yourself out if you go on working at this rate.

如果你繼續(xù)這樣工作下去，你的身體會垮掉的。

10. by mistake? ?錯誤地

I’ve poured coffee into your cup by mistake.

我錯把咖啡倒在你的杯子里了。

Tom must have taken your dictionary by mistake.

湯姆一定是弄錯了才拿了你的詞典。

11. treat... as? ?把……當成……對待

Do not treat this serious matter as a joke.

不要把這件嚴肅的事情當作玩笑。

12. knock out? ?摧毀；擊昏；磕干凈；使震驚，

使驚得發(fā)呆；使（某人）累垮；竭盡全力

The telephone communications were knocked out by the storm.

電話線被風(fēng)暴摧毀了。

He received a blow on the head which knocked him out.

他頭上被打了一拳就昏倒了。

After knocking out his pipe， the old man went on with his story.

老人把煙斗里的煙灰磕干凈后繼續(xù)講故事。

He knocked himself out with excessive work.

他工作過度，把身體累垮了。

13. get out of control? ?擺脫控制；無法管理

The noise frightened the horse and it got out of control.

馬被響聲驚著了而無法控制。

The carriage got out of control and ran over a pedestrian.

那輛馬車失去了控制，碾過一個行人。

14. as far as we know? ?據(jù)我們所知

As far as we know， the earth is the only planet with life on it.

就我們所知，地球是唯一的有生命存在的行星。

As far as we know， no one has ever gotten sick by eating infected mutton.

正如我們所了解的那樣，沒有一個人因吃染病的羊肉而得病。

名言警句

If you want to understand today， you have to search yesterday. —Pearl Buck

想要懂得今天，就必須研究昨天。 ——賽珍珠

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A Chinese space mining company has designed a robot that can capture （捕獲） waste material left behind by spacecraft in outer space with a big net.

The state-run Xinhua News Agency recently reported that the robot launched on the government’s Long March 6 rocket along with several satellites. The robot will also explore deep space to observe small objects in the universe. The 30-kilogram robot， called NEO-01， was developed by Origin Space. The company says the robot will lead the way for future technologies capable of mining on asteroids （小行星）.

The world’s first asteroid mining company， Planetary Resources， was established in 2009. Since then， more than 12 businesses around the world have entered the industry， including 3D Systems of the United States and Japan’s Astroscale. Astroscale’s technology uses magnets （磁鐵） to gather up space waste. But a report on the Origin Space website says NEO-01 will use a net to capture waste and then burn it. Thousands of satellites have been launched worldwide. As they are used too long， many end up as waste and put other operating satellites at risk.

Su Meng is the founder of Origin Space. He said the company plans to launch many space telescopes and more spacecrafts to begin the first for-profit mining of asteroids by 2045. Su added that NEO-01 will serve as a prototype （雛形） of future space mining robots， which can use rich mineral resources on asteroids to support the development of the space industry.

The Xinhua News Agency reported that China was increasing efforts to land a spacecraft on a near-Earth asteroid to collect materials. China is also speeding up a plan to build a defense system against near-Earth asteroids.

1. Which of the following can correctly describe NEO-01？

A. It weighs 60 kilograms.

B. It is mainly used to catch space waste.

C. It was created by Planetary Resources.

D. It will be burnt after finishing its mission.

2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3？

A. Magnets were used to burn space waste.

B. Origin Space will open more mines on asteroids.

C. It is the useless satellites that make space waste.

D. The robot will look into deep space for more waste.

3. What does Su Meng think of NEO-01？

A. It’s promising and rewarding. B. It’s a long way to produce it.

C. It has benefited the space industry. D. It will help make money for the company.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. NEO-01， A Smart Robot Used in Space

B. A Chinese Robot Can Catch Space Waste

C. A New Robot Makes China a Space Power

D. NEO-01， the Pioneer of Future Space Robots

閱讀七選五

Livestock （牲畜） cloning is the practice of cloning sheep， cattle and other livestock species as a way to improve efficiency. The basic idea behind livestock cloning is to clone animals that have certain qualities， such as cows that produce more milk or meat. 1

However， this practice is very controversial， and livestock farmers have been hesitant to adopt it fully because of public opposition and certain inefficiencies.

In technical terms， livestock are cloned by taking cells from one animal and using them to fertilize （使受精） eggs. Scientists take the fertilized eggs and put them in female animals. 2 Many animals are born with abnormal shapes. Scientists are looking for ways to improve the process and make it less expensive to adopt on a wider scale.

3 For example， if farmers were able to take only their very best animals and recreate them many times， they could potentially be more productive.

There are also some potential problems with cloned livestock. 4 For example， when a disease hits， there are usually individuals that cannot be harmed by the disease or are more resistant， and they will generally survive. If all the animals were genetically similar， this sort of disease could totally destroy an entire generation of livestock.

In addition to concerns about genetic diversity， there are other concerns about cloning. 5 There are also some people who worry that livestock cloning research may be a gateway to introducing human cloning， which is widely disapproved of.

A. Are the surviving clones really clones？

B. Therefore， the new species are expected to be better.

C. The biggest one arises from a loss in genetic diversity.

D. Cloned livestock have the potential to provide some major benefits.

E. Cloning animals show us what might happen if we try to clone humans.

F. These concerns sometimes come from worries over unforeseen consequences.

G. This process doesn’t always work perfectly， and it can be relatively expensive.

1. _______? 2. ______ 3. ______? 4. ______? 5. ______

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

Over 48，000 orange trees spread all corners of Seville， Spain. They not only fill the city’s air with the 1 smell of orange flowers in spring， but also 2 over 16，500 tons of fruit every winter. Though that gives Seville the 3 of being Europe’s top orange-producing city， the fruit is too 4 to be consumed fresh. While some oranges are used to 5 jam and alcohol， most of them end up in landfills （垃圾填埋場）. Oranges are a 6 for the city. However， that may change soon thanks to an idea of using the oranges to produce clean energy 7 .

The program is 8 by the city’s council and parks department. Juice got from 9 will be left to ferment （發(fā)酵） in an existing biogas equipment. The gas released from the fermented liquid will be used to 10 a machine to produce clean energy. The officials think it’s not just about

11 money and they say oranges are 12 producing extra value from waste.

In the first period of a（n） 13 ， 1，000 kilos oranges produced 50 kW·h of clean energy

—enough to 14 the daily electricity needs of five homes. If it’s 15 ， by 2023， the city hopes to recycle all the oranges. If all the fruit is 16 ， it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73，000 people.

This project will help to reach the 17 for reducing pollution and the fight against climate change. The latest 18 is among the many plans across Spain to 19 the country’s goal of switching its electricity system to 20 sources by 2050.

1. A. pleasant B. natural C. familiar D. strange

2. A. attract B. distribute C. bear D. collect

3. A. moment B. pride C. state D. dream

4. A. big B. small C. sweet D. sour

5. A. mix B. sell C. make D. give

6. A. problem B. relief C. threat D. strength

7. A. traditionally B. creatively C. briefly D. slightly

8. A. conducted B. abandoned C. measured D. recorded

9. A. flowers B. trees C. oranges D. fruits

10. A. fix B. drive C. wash D. design

11. A. spending B. earning C. counting D. saving

12. A. urgently B. occasionally C. extremely D. actually

13. A. experiment B. experience C. competition D. performance

14. A. expand B. satisfy C. provide D. remove

15. A. safe B. flexible C. successful D. simple

16. A. displayed B. ordered C. eaten D. recycled

17. A. standards B. targets C. conclusions D. agreements

18. A. effort B. proof C. invention D. style

19. A. set B. limit C. interrupt D. achieve

20. A. repeated B. qualified C. renewable D. permanent

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A

Rome—Doctors and medical groups around the world last weekend reacted with strong opposition to the news that an Italian specialist is on the brink of cloning the first human baby.

Dr Severino Antinori， who is the head of a hospital in Rome， has been referred to in an Arab newspaper as claiming that one of his patients is eight weeks pregnant with a cloned baby.

Antinori refused to comment on the reports， but he said he hoped to produce a cloned embryo （卵） for implantation （植入） within two years. So far seven different kinds of mammals have already successfully cloned， including sheep， cats and most recently rabbits.

Doctors showed their doubt and were strongly opposed although they admitted that human cloning would finally come true unless there was a worldwide ban on the practice.

Professor Rudolf Jaeniscb of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said， “I find it astonishing that people do this where the result can be predicted that it will not be a normal baby. It is using humans as Guinea pigs. It makes people feel sick.”

But Ronald Green， director of the Ethics Institute at Dartmouth College in the US， said it was unlikely that an eight-week-old pregnancy would lead to a birth.

So far all cloned animals have suffered from some different serious disorders， many of them dying soon after their births.

Doctors are opposed to human cloning because they are worried about the welfare （福祉） of the cloned child if there is one.

“There are no benefits of cloned human beings， just harm，” said Dr Michael Wilks of the UK.

1. What does the underlined phrase “on the brink of” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean？

A. On the side of. B. On the point of. C. In search of. D. In favor of.

2. What is the doctors’ general attitude to the cloning of humans？

A. They support it. B. They welcome it.

C. They are against it. D. They pay no attention to it.

3. What can we learn about the cloned animals？

A. They are active.

B. They are born unhealthy.

C. They live a relatively long life.

D. They have a different charactor from the normal.

4. What does the text mainly tell us about human cloning？

A. Its failure. B. Its success. C. The anger at it. D. Voices against it.

B

Have you ever wished you could see in the dark as well as an animal？ In action movies， we often see characters wearing special glasses that reveal things that can’t be seen in darkness. Everything looks green， but we can see the shapes and outlines clearly. As a matter of fact， this is somewhat similar to the way animals’ night vision （視力） works.

You may have noticed eyeshine in pictures of animals， or seen it for yourself when light hits an animal’s eyes. Dogs， cats， and many other animals have tissue called the tapetum lucidum （光神經(jīng)纖維層） in each eye. The purpose of this tissue is to reflect light deeper into the eye. For many animals， it leads to their excellent night vision， and it helps them hunt.

Different types of animals have different colors of eyeshine. The light reflecting back from the eyes of dogs and cats is likely to be yellow. Rats and birds usually have eyes that shine red. Other animals’ eyes may reflect white， yellow， green， or pink light. In each case， the color is related to the type of cells that make up the tapetum lucidum， as well as the chemicals inside the cells.

Eyeshine has the function of improving animals’ night vision， but humans have found other uses for it. For example， when people are searching for certain types of animals， their eyeshine may be helpful in recognizing or discovering them. Also， eyeshine has inspired humans to invent substance that reflects light at night. Strips containing this substance are used to warn us of safety risks such as raised parts of roads. Even though humans cannot see so well at night， we have still found ways to benefit from this amazing animal feature.

5. How does the tapetum lucidum help animals’ night vision？

A. It sends out light in the dark. B. It makes everything appear green.

C. It reflects light back into the eyes. D. It enables their eyes to change colors.

6. How does the author develop Paragraph 3？

A. By providing reasons. B. By giving examples.

C. By following space order. D. By doing scientific tests.

7. What can we learn about scientists’ research on eyeshine？

A. They’ve put it to practical uses. B. They’re using it to protect animals.

C. They’re trying to include more animal types. D. They’ve invented special glasses based on it.

8. What is the text mainly about？

A. How animals’ night vision helps them hunt. B. Different colors of animals’ eyes.

C. How animals see in the dark. D. Eyeshine and its benefits.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

完形填空

I’ve always been an optimist. I suppose it’s rooted in my belief that the power of 1 and intelligence can make the world a better place.

I have loved learning new things and 2 problems. Therefore， when I sat down at a 3 for the first time in the seventh grade， I was hooked and it 4 my life. After 30 years， I’m still inspired by computers. I believe the computer is one of the most 5 tools we can use to feed our curiosity and solve problems that even the 6 people couldn’t solve on their own.

Computers have 7 how we learn， giving us a window into all of the world’s knowledge. They are helping us stay close to the people who are 8 to us， wherever they are.

I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I 9 doing. I’m especially pleased when we show people something 10 ， like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech.

However， there are many other ways in which we can put our creativity to work with a PC to? 11 our world. Every year， millions of people 12 from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world. I believe it a responsibility to 13 to the world. My wife， Melinda， and I have committed （致力于） to improving health and education in a way that can 14 as many people as possible.

I’m still an 15 ， believing that progress on even the world’s toughest problems is possible—and it’s 16 every day. We are seeing new drugs for deadly diseases and new attention paid to the 17 problems in the developing world.

I’m excited by the 18 I see for medicine， education and technology. I believe that through our intelligence and willingness to 19 tough problems， we are going to make some amazing achievements in all these 20 in my lifetime.

1. A. creativity B. belief C. electricity D. money

2. A. bringing up B. working out C. breaking up D. picking out

3. A. bed B. table C. distance D. computer

4. A. tested B. proved C. changed D. witnessed

5. A. difficult B. common C. inexpensive D. unbelievable

6. A. bravest B. oldest C. smartest D. strongest

7. A. checked B. compared C. transformed D. challenged

8. A. friendly B. rude C. generous D. important

9. A. risk B. enjoy C. hate D. avoid

10. A. new B. memorable C. impossible D. precious

11. A. clean B. improve C. protect D. save

12. A. die B. quit C. learn D. recover

13. A. give back B. put an end C. look forward D. show honor

14. A. cure B. support C. inform D. relax

15. A. expert B. audience C. optimist D. educator

16. A. lasting B. damaging C. happening D. disappearing

17. A. wealth B. population C. family D. health

18. A. problems B. differences C. collections D. possibilities

19. A. study B. solve C. ignore D. create

20. A. areas B. factors C. organizations D. chances

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

閱讀理解

It seems like technology is everywhere. Computers and smart phones are at the center of almost everything we do. They constantly （持續(xù)地） require our attention. We text our friends with them during the day， sleep with them by our beds and check our messages as soon as we wake up.

In the future， technology will no longer be interrupting us all the time. Instead， we will use calm technology which was first developed by scientist Mark Weiser in the 1970s. In his opinion， calm technology works quietly but constantly. We know it is there， but we don’t pay much attention to it. According to Mark， the best technology should be invisible and let you live your life.

We already use many different types of calm technology in our everyday lives. Do you have a smoke alarm in your house？ That smoke alarm is always there， checking the air for smoke and quietly keeping you safe. It only reminds you it’s there when you’ve burnt your bread！ Or there may be lights in your home or school. When somebody passes in front of their sensors， the lights turn on. You don’t think about this type of technology until you see the light go on.

In the future， we can imagine our houses will use calm technology to open the curtains for us in the morning， to turn down the heat when we leave， or even to choose the best music for our mood. The minute we walk through the door， our house will respond by turning on the lights and music， and perhaps even starting to prepare our dinner！

1. According to Mark， calm technology should be .

A. fast and quiet B. fast and smart C. smart but quiet D. quiet but constant

2. Which of the following is an example of calm technology？

A. A computer. B. A smart phone. C. A radio. D. A smoke alarm.

3. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us about calm technology？

A. It keeps us safe in many ways. B. It can help you do housework.

C. It has been used in our daily lives. D. It plays an important part in schools.

4. What can we infer about calm technology from the text？

A. It can cure some mental disease. B. It will depend more on smart phones.

C. It will make our life more convenient. D. It can free people from dangerous work.

選詞填空

用方框里單詞的正確形式填空，使其句意完整。有兩個詞是多余的。

breathe chase clone contrast option flexible

fear murder refuse rush terrify gene

1. The small girl was ________?of that big black cat.

2. The police have been trying _______up the dead man’s sister， but they have no idea where she

lives.

3. We should stick to the principles and be _______ as well.

4. The suspect was charged with _______ his wife.

5. If the bank_______ to lend us the money， we’re finished！

6. People can _______ better when the air is clean.

7. When the artificial flowers _______ with natural ones， you can hardly tell the difference.

8. Crowds of people_______ home from work at this hour.

9. A team from England was able to _______ a dog last week.

10. I always have a _______ of heights.

語法填空

It’s hard to keep up with technology， especially when science fiction becomes scientific fact. For decades， we 1 （watch） movies about a future with flying cars. Recently， we saw a real one. A proto type flying AirCar 2 （success） completed a test flight between two cities in Slovakia. The 90 km journey took 35 minutes. AirCar is from a company 3 （call） Klein Vision. The company founder said， “ 4 （fly） at a height of 2，500 meters and a speed of 185 kph， it has turned science fiction into a 5 （real）.”

AirCar is a road-legal car 6 transforms into an aircraft in less than three minutes. AirCar CEO Professor Stefan Klein flew and landed the vehicle 7 its test flight. After landing at Bratislava Airport， he pushed one button 8 （turn） the aircraft into a sports car and drove it into downtown Bratislava. He described 9 flight as “normal” and “very pleasant”. His company is working on a newer AirCar. This will have a much 10 （power） engine that is capable of a cruising speed of 320 kph and a range of 1，000 kilometers. The newer model will be a four-seater as opposed to the two-seater that was recently tested.

1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______

6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______9. _______ 10. _______

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

短文改錯

I was going home by bike in a cold afternoon when my bike broke down. As I was wondering how to do， an old man came over. He offered to help me and soon my bike repaired. I thanked him but asked how to repay him. She shook his head and then told me a story about how a boy had helped him two year before. His story moved me deep. I looked at the man， with my eyes filling with tears. I never thought he could keep such a little thing in the mind for years. Only then do I begin to believe that one good turn deserves another.

書面表達

同學(xué)們都知道健康的重要性，但許多人卻不注重健康。請以“Have a Healthy Lifestyle”為題，為某英語報寫一篇征文。內(nèi)容包括：

1．不注重健康的表現(xiàn)；

2．不注重健康導(dǎo)致的危害；

3．你的建議。

注意：

1．詞數(shù)100左右；

2．文章的開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；

3．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Have a Healthy Lifestyle

We all know that health is very important._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

背景大調(diào)查

Cloning is the asexual production of an exact copy of an original. So for example， one could use cloning to produce the exact copy of a single cell. The cell copy would be identical to the first cell and would have the same exact DNA sequence. In many cases， cloning has been used to reproduce type specific cells. In some instances， cloning of an individual organism， like the sheep， Dolly， has been possible.

Unlike reproduction that involves two “parents”， such as a male and female plants， cloning has a single parent. This is often used in reproducing certain plants. Certain plants have undergone cloning processes for thousands of years， but they do not play a part in the ethical debates that surround cloning of animals， and most particularly humans.

For example， reproductive cloning of animals was first attempted in the 1950s. The sheep Dolly was cloned in 1996. Dolly’s parent had DNA transferred into an egg that had its nucleus removed. This is called a somatic cell nuclear transfer. The cell was then treated with chemicals and stimulated to grow so than an almost exact replicate of the cloned sheep was born.

克隆就是通過無性繁殖，對原體的精確復(fù)制。舉例來說，細胞就可以被完全復(fù)制。生成的細胞與原細胞一模一樣，甚至基因鏈也相同。普通實驗都是克隆特型細胞。當然，克隆羊多莉的成功表明有機體的克隆也是可行的。

有些植物分雌雄，其后代有父有母，而克隆產(chǎn)物不同于此，只有一個父源。有很多植物也是單性繁殖，數(shù)千年如此而不會有倫理問題；可一旦涉及動物，特別是人類的克隆，倫理問題便凸顯了。

有例可證，動物克隆的嘗試始于20世紀50年代，多莉于1996年被克隆。將其父源基因移植到一去核卵子中，這一技術(shù)被稱為體細胞核移植。該細胞隨之采用多種化學(xué)物質(zhì)進行培育，最終得到了對其父源完全克隆的多莉。