如何提高電動(dòng)汽車?yán)m(xù)航里程和充電速度？

謝鈺洪

Lithium-ion batteries are the standard in EV manufacturing， but the average driving range for a fully charged Li-ion vehicle actually dropped in 2021 to only 234 miles. Superior energy density in lithium-sulfur （Li-S） batteries is seen as a replacement that could boost range up to five times to around 1，000 miles.

Scientists at the University of Michigan have produced a stable lithium-sulfur battery using Kevlar（纖維B）， the material used in body armor， to increase the amount it can be charged and discharged—its cycle life. Research group leader Nicholas Kotov called the design “nearly perfect” in terms of capacity and efficiency. The battery can handle summer heat and winter cold extremes found under the hood， and in real-world driving conditions， its lifespan should be 1，000 cycles or ten years.

In Japan， university researchers have developed a lithium-air battery with an energy density （500Wh/kg） two to five times better than Li-ion. Lithium-air uses lithium and oxygen from air to create current and has potential as a more efficient， lightweight， and cheap alternative to heavier Li-ion batteries. So far the team has tested the battery at room temperature and is now looking at higher performance materials to replace components that do not improve battery reactions or its cycle life.

Added to these breakthroughs in battery materials and energy density are newer quantum（量子） technologies

that will speed up vehicle charging times. Lithium-metal， often talked about as solid-state batteries， are long-lasting and capable of rapid charging especially when they are paired with quantum technologies that connect all the battery cells at the same time. Korean researchers say their work on quantum batteries shows cars could charge at home in three minutes rather than overnight. And once investments in quantum charging and batteries are made， it could revolutionize transport and the way we use energy worldwide.

（材料出自“Discovery”網(wǎng)站，有刪改）

1. What is probably the major concern of people who are willing to buy an EV？

A. Battery energy density.? ? B. Production standards.

C. Total driving range.? ? ? ? ? D. Battery materials.

2. Which is not the advantage of lithium-sulfur battery？

A. Its good adaptation.

B. Its special material.

C. Its longer cycle life.

D. Its better recharging performance.

3. What can be inferred about a lithium-air battery from Paragraph 3？

A. It has the highest energy density.

B. It promises better chemical reactions.

C. It requires more expensive materials.

D. It still needs further research.

4. What makes quantum technologies important to EV batteries？

A. It can link all battery cells.

B. It can have batteries charged at home.

C. It can accelerate charging.

D. It can be partnered with different batteries.

1.C。解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)材料第一段“Lithium

-ion batteries are the standard in EV manufacturing， but the average driving range for a fully charged Li-ion vehicle actually dropped in 2021 to only 234 miles.（鋰離子電池是電動(dòng)汽車制造業(yè)的電池標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但在2021年，一輛充滿電的鋰電池汽車的平均行駛里程實(shí)際上下降到了234英里。）”，我們可知，目前，鋰電池汽車出現(xiàn)行駛里程下降的問(wèn)題，所以人們?cè)谫?gòu)買電動(dòng)汽車時(shí)可能更關(guān)注其總行駛里程。故選C。

2.B。解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。材料第二段提到了鋰硫電池的優(yōu)勢(shì)——在容量和效率方面“近乎完美”，循環(huán)使用的周期長(zhǎng)，以及它可以適應(yīng)各種極端天氣。B選項(xiàng)“它的特殊的材料”并不是它的優(yōu)勢(shì)，而是它具有這些優(yōu)勢(shì)的原因，故選B。

3.D。解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)材料第三段最后一句“So far the team has tested the battery at room temperature and is now looking at higher performance materials to replace components that do not improve battery reactions or its cycle life.（到目前為止，該團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)在室溫下測(cè)試了該電池，現(xiàn)在正在尋找更高性能的材料來(lái)取代其中不能改善電池反應(yīng)或循環(huán)壽命的部件。）”，我們可知該電池仍需再改進(jìn)。故選D。

4.C。解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)材料最后一段中的“Added to these breakthroughs in battery materials and energy density are newer quantum technologies that will speed up vehicle charging times.”，我們可知，除了電池的材料和能量密度方面取得突破，還有新的量子技術(shù)將加快車輛充電時(shí)間。故選C。